B1-RT1 3 POSITION-TIME GRAPHS—DISPLACEMENT Fadi graph below shows the position of an object as a function of time. |B Position, Position, Position, meters meters meters. Time, | Time, seconds || seconds. 4 Time, seconds Position, meters. Rank the magnitude of the displacement during the time interval from 0 to 4 seconds. | I OR | plain your reasoning. 3 4 ‘All Greatest Least the same __zero All Cannot determine 4 Time, secondsAnswer: C>B >A =D. The displacement is given by the change in position over the time interval. Object C has a displacement with a magnitude of 8 m; B’s displacement has a magnitude of 4 m and A and D both have zero displacements since they are at the same point at the start and end of the time interval.Irreactréase, a sphere is moving from left to right next to a tape marked in meters. A strobe (flash) photograph is taken every second, and the location of the sphere is recorded. The total time intervals shown are not the same for all spheres. Rank the magnitude of the average velocity over the first 3 seconds. | or [| | I Greatest Explain your reasoning. 4 Le ast All the same. All zero Canno' determiiAnswer: C= D>A>B. Average velocity is defined as the displacement during a time interval divided by the time interval. The time interval is the same for all four cases, so the average velocities are determined by the displacements, which are proportional to the distances traveled in the first three secondich case, a sphere is moving from left to right next to a tape marked in meters, A strobe (flash) photograph Is n every second, and the location of the sphere is recorded. The total time intervals shown are not the same for all Rank the magnitude of the average velocity over the first 2 seconds. | Jor | 4 All All Cannot Greatest the same zero determine Explain your reasoning.interval is the same for all four cases, so the average velocities are determined by the displacements, which are proportional to the distances traveled in the first two seconds. The displacements for C during the first two seconds was 6 m reading directly from the drawing, for D it was 8 m being the difference between 9 m and Im, the location at zero, A is 4 m and smallest is B at Im.B1-RTO5: BALL STROBE DIAGRAMS—AVERAGE VELOCITY |-Phefotlowing drawings represent strobe (flash) photographs of a ball moving in the direction of the arrow. The circles represent the positions of the ball at succeeding instants of time. The time interval between successive positions is the same in all cases. | O A oO | Rank the magnitude of the ball's average velocity in the last time interval. Jor [ | 1 4 All All Greatest Least thesame Zero Explain your reasoning. Cannot determineAnswer: A=D>B>C. Since the time intervals are the same in all cases, the distance between any two adjacent positions of the ball will be proportional to the magnitude of the average velocity of the ball in the time interval between when those photographs were taken. By comparing the spacing between the last two positions for each case we can determine the magnitude of the average velocity in the last time interval.YeIoGify versus time graphs for six toy cars that are traveling straight along a hallway are shown, All graphs have the same time and velocity A gNelocity © pvetocity E gvetocity F gvetocity i Draw below the speed versus time graphs for these graphs. A speed Bp Speed Explain your reasoning.Draw below the speed versus time graphs for these graphs. A Speed Explain your reasoning.The gsaphstelow show the speed of two objects during the same time inter Speed [| To, 4 © Time, seconds > © Time, seconds A student considering these two graphs states: “Object 1 will be farther from its starting point after this 6-second interval than Object 2 because Object I had a larger displacement than Object 2.” What, if anything, is wrong with the student's statement? If something is wrong, explain the error and how to correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why.Answer: The student’s statement is problematic since we cannot determine the displacements from these graphs. The area under the line or curve in a speed versus time graph tells us the distance traveled, but we have no idea whether the objects were traveling in one direction or if they reversed direction. Consequently, we cannot say anything about displacements.| B1-RT14\Position-TimE GRAPHS—AVERAGE SPEED Each graph below shows the position of an abject as a function of time. A |B Position, Position, Position, meters meters \ meters: 2 4 Time,| 0 2 4 Time, 4 Time, 4 Time, seconds seconds seconds seconds Rank the average speed of the object during the time interval from 0 to 4 seconds. ee PE jor [J L] J L i 2 4 All All Cannot Greatest the same zero__ determine Explain your reasoning.Answer: D > C>B>A. The average speed is the distance traveled divided by the time interval. For D, the average speed is 4 m/s (the object traveled 8 meters in one direction and then 8 meters back for a total of 16 meters in 4 seconds); for C it is 2 nls; for B itis 1 m/s; and for A i\Vevocity-Time GRAPHS—DISPLACEMENT town below are six velocity-time graphs for toy robots that are traveling along a straight hallway. All graphs have the same time and velocity scales. A velocity Time D gvetosty > Time L All All Cannot Greatest st the same _zero__ determine plain your reasoning.Answer: D>A>B=C>F > ince these are velocity versus time graphs the displacements are given by the areas “under” (between the lines and the time axis) the lines in the graphs.B1-RT29; VELOCITY-TiME GRAPHS—DISTANCE TRAVELED Velocity-time graphs for six toy robots that are traveling along a straight hallway are shown. All graphs have the same time and velocity scales. A velocity B Avelocity C bvetocity tS 1 Time E velocity F velocity All All Cannot Greatest the same zero determine Explain your reasoning.Answer: D>A>B=C>E=F. The distance traveled is the sum of the absolute values of the areas between the horizontal axis and the line on leach graph. For graphs of motion that don’t change direction (aill cases except E), the magnitude of the displacement is the same as the distance traveled. For case, F, the distance traveled is the sum of the distance traveled backward and the distance traveled forward. The absolute value of the two areas in case E is the same as {the area in case F.B1-RT06;BaLL STROBE DIAGRAMS—ACCELERATION The Totto@ing drawings represent strobe (flash) photographs of a ball moving in the direction of th circles represent the positions of the ball at succeeding instants of time. The time interval between successive positions is the same in all cases. Assume all accelerations are constant. A [c e6 —. Rank the magnitude of the acceleration based on the drawings. [ oR 4 All All Cannot Greatest Least the same _zero_ determine Explain your reasoning.The spacing of the successive position changes given determine the direction of the acceleration and give an indication of the relative magnitude of the acceleration. In cases B and D, the acceleration is the same, in the direction of the arrow, and fairly large, because the speed of the ball is increasing quite a bit in each time interval. tion of the arrow and has a slightly smaller magnitude than Incase A the acceleration points opposite to the di Band D. In case C, the acceleration is zero since the ball has a constant direction and rate of motionIn each figure below, a car's velocity is shown before and after a short time interval, After |B Before ap Rank the ma jude of the change in velocity di —_I Explain your reasoning. +30 m/s ing the time interval. le f] 1 All ‘All the same zeroAnswer: C>A D. The magnitude of the change in velocity for C is 20 m/s while the other three all experience a change of 10 m/s in the magnitude of their velocity.\ B1-WWT17\ VeLocity-Time GRAPH—ACCELERATION-TIME GRAPH A student obtains a graph of an object’s velocity versus time and then draws the graph of the acceleration versus time for the same time interval 7 a all Time What, if anything, is wrong with the graph of the acceleration versus time? If something is wrong, identi and explain how to correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why.Answer: The acceleration is the slope of the velocity graph. Thus, the second and fourth peaks should be reversed as shown below because the sign of the acceleration is the same as the sign of the slope of the velocity-time graph.{_B1-WWT203 VeLocity-TIME GRAPH—ACCELERATION-TIME GRAPH A student obtains a graph of an object’s velocity versus time and then draws the graph of the aeceleration versus rw | | What. if anything, is wrong with the graph of the acceleration versus time? If something is wrong, identify it and explain how to correct it. If the graph is correct, explain why. time for the same time interval a[B1-QRT33:\Posirion-Time GRAPH—DIRECTION AChIcyclist is moving along a straight street oriented east—west. In drawing the graph, positions to the east of the origin were marked as positive and positions to the west were marked as negative. (a) At 1 second, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (b) At 1 second, is the cyclist accelerating? Ifso, in what direction? plain your reasoning. (c) At9 seconds, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning.(a) At I second, is the cyclist moving’ If so, in what direction? reasoning. (b) At I second, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning.(d) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist acceleratin; If'so, in what direction? Explain your reaso: (e) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (f) At 4 seconds, yelist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning, Time, s(d) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (c) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (f) At A seconds, is the cyclist acceler: If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning.-TimE GRAPH—DIRECTION A unicyclist, someone riding a single-wheel cycle, is moving along a straight street oriented east—west. In drawing the graph, east was taken as locity the positive direction and west the negative direction (a) At 1 second, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (b) At 1 second, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (c) At9 seconds, is the Ifso, in what direction Explain your reasoning.(a) At 1 second, is the cyclist moving? Ifso, in what direction? Explain your reasor (b) At 1 second, is the cyclist accelerating? If'so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. > Time, sExplain your reasoning. (e) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist moving’ If so, in what direct Explain your reasoning. (O At 4 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning.d) At 9 seconds, is the cyclist acceleratit If so, in what directior Explain your reasoning. (e) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist moving? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning. (f) At 4 seconds, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, in what direction? Explain your reasoning.RT36. VELOCITY-TiME GRAPHS OF CHILDREN—KINEMATIC QUANTITIES The velocit aph shown represents the motion of two children, Ariel and Byron, who are moving along a narrow, straight hallway. Velocity (a) Do either of the children ever change direction? If-so, at what time or times does this change in direction occur? Explain your reasoning. Byron (b) Do the two children ever have the same velocity? If'so, at what time or times does this occur? Explain your r (c) Do the two children ever have the same acceleration? If so, at what time or times does happen? Explain your reasoning. Time, s(a) Do either of the children ever change direction? If so, at what time or times does this change in direction occur? Explain your reasoning. (b) Do the two children ever have the same velo If so, at what time or times does this occur? Explain your reasoning. (c) Do the two children ever have the same acceler If so, at what time or times does happen? Explain your reasoning,( B1-RT#2, VeLocrry-Time GRAPHS—INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY ‘The Graphs below show the velocity versus time for boats traveling along a straight, narrow channel. The scales on both axes are the same for all of these graphs. In each graph, a point is marked with a dot. Bg Velocity |C Velocity Time JE gvetocity | the magnitude of the velocity of the boat at the point indicated, Cannot determineThese values can be recB1-RT43:V ELOCITY-TIME GRAPHS—ACCELERATION ‘The graphs below show the velocity versus time for boats travelin; both axes are the same for all of these graphs. In each graph, a point is marked with a dot. ong a straight, narrow mnel, The scales on. A Velocity Velocity Cg vVelocity D Velocity E Velocity a Time Rank the magnitude of the acceleration of the boat at the point indicated. [O OR 2 Greatest Explain your reasoning. 3 All the same All zero, Cannot determineAnswer: C=D>A=B>b=F, The instantaneous accelerations are determined by the slopes of the velocity-time graphs at the given points on the graphs, Since these graphs are straight lines, the slopes (and the accelerations) do not change as a function of time.\ B1-QATS1\ VeLociry-Time GrapHs: T= graphs below show the velocity versus time for boats traveling along a straight, narow channel. The scales on both axes are the same forall of these graphs, and the boats all start at the same origin. In each graph, a point is marked with a do A A y B velocity Velocity pe xi Indicate in the chart below if the position, velocity, and acceleration directions of the boat at the points indicated are in the positive (+), negative (-), or no direction (0) Position | Velocity Acceleration Explain your ri" Ineach graph, a pent is marked with a dev Postion © Position J (a) For whieh of these eases, i any is the position zero atthe indi Explain your reasoning. (b) For which af these ion Explain your reas () For whieh of these Expl velocity zero atthe indicated point? (a) For which of these cases, i any, Explain your reasoning isthe velocity negative athe indicated point? (c) For which ofthese cass, if any. isthe acceleration zero at the indicated point? Explain your rea (©) For which of ,itany is the acceleration negative atthe indicated point? Explain your reasoning(a) For which of these cases, is the position rero at the indicated point? Explain your reasoning. (b) For which of these cases, if any, is the position negative at the indicated point? Explain your reasoning. (c) For which of these cases, if any, is the velocity zero at the indicated point? Explain your reasonii (d) For which of these cases, if any, is the velocity Explain your reasoning. (e) For which of these cases, if any, is the acceleration zero at the indic: Explain your reasonii (f) For which of these cases, if any, is the acceleration negative at the indie xplain your ng.