CIRCULAR MEASURE

1. RADIAN
1.1ConvertingMeasurementsin Radiansto DegreesandViceVersa

S A
Definition:  rad
r
where Sisthelengthofthearc AB,r S
istheradiusofthecircle,and r
θisthe anglesubtendedatthecentreObythe arcAB.

o O r B
For thefullcircle,thecircumferenceis 2πrandtheangleis 360 .
2r
Therefore,
r .
2 rad
o o
Hence,2πrad=360 =>πrad=180
Foreachofthefollowingmeasurementindegree,changeittoradian.
o o
Example:25.8 A (a)30 =
o
Since180 =πrad
π o
25.825.8 25.8
180 O B
0.4504rad

[0.5237rad]
o o
(b)45 = (c)81.5 =

[0.7855rad] [1.423rad]
o o
(d)122.8 = (e)154 20’=

[2.144rad] [2.694rad]
o o
(f)225 36’= (g)-50 =

[3.938rad] [-0.02773rad]

CircularMeasure 1
Foreachofthefollowingmeasurementinradian,change ittodegree.
Example:0.75radSinc (a)0.6rad=
eπrad = Q
o 1 P
180 0.75rad0.75
80 0.75 rad
π O
42.97

o
Alwaysuseπ=3.142 [34.37 ]
(b)1.54rad= 18
(c) rad
5

o
[88.22 ] o
[206.24 ]
3 (e)1.2π rad =
(d) 2 rad
7

o
o
[139.13 ] [216 ]
π (g)-0.25 rad =
(f) rad
3

o
o
[60 ] [-14.32 ]
1 (i)(1+ π)rad =
(h) -2 rad
3

o
o
[-133.67 ] [237.29 ]
2. ARC LENGTHOFACIRCLE
S
2.1 ArcLength,Radiusand Angle   =>S=rθ
r
Foreachofthefollowing,findthelengthofthearcS given the valuesofrand θ.
Example: (a)r = 20 cmand θ= 0.6rad
P
r = 10cmand θ= 1.5 d
raSinceS = rθ
=10 × 1.5
S 1.5rad O
=15 cm

Q [12 cm]
(b)r = 15cmand θ= 1. 4rad 
(c)r=30 cmandθ= rad
6

[21 cm] [15.71 cm]

o o
(d)r = 10cmand θ= 60 (e)r = 1.5 mand θ= 82.8

[10.47 cm] [2.168 m]

Foreachofthefollowing,calculatethelengthoftheradiusr given the valuesofSand θ.

Example: A (a) S = 9cmand θ= 1.5 rad
S = 4.5 cmand θ=1.5
radSinceS = rθ r
4.5 =1.5r
O 1.5rad
4.5
r 1.5
= 3 cm B [6 cm]
4.5cm

o
(b) S= 4.5cmand θ= 1.8rad (c) S= 9 mand θ= 30

[2.5 cm] [17.19 m]

(d) S= 15cmand θ= 32. 
8o (e) S=10cmand θ= rad
8

[26.20 cm]
[25.46 cm]
Foreachofthefollowing,findtheangleθinradiangiven the values ofr andS.
Example: (a)r = 9cmand S = 36cm
A
r = 5 cmand S =10 cm
SinceS = rθ
10 =5θ

10cm
10 O 
θ=
5
= 2 rad [4 rad]
B
(b)r = 7cmand S = 5.6cm (c)r = 20 cmand S = 0.7m

[0.8 rad] [3.5 rad]

(d)r = 1.2cmand S = 20cm (e)r = 3.5 cmand S = 112cm

2
[16 cm]
3 [32 cm]

Foreachofthefollowing,findtheangleθindegreegiven the values ofr andS.

Example: A (a)r = 10 cmand S = 6cm
r = 8 cmand S =20 cm
SinceS = rθ
20= 8θ
20 
O
θ= rad8
180
=2.5
 B
o o
= 143.22 [34.37 ]
(b)r = 5cmand S = 5.4cm (c)r = 5.6 cmand S = 12cm

o o
[57.29 ] [122.76 ]
(d)r = 7.15 cmand S = 0.28 m (e)r = 5.6 cmand S = 3π cm

o o
[224.34 ] [96.43 ]
3. AREA OF SECTOR
3.1 AreaofSector,Radiusand Angle
2
Area ofa circle,A= πr
o 
 r P
2
Area forasectorOPQ ofangleθ ,A r
360 
O
rQ
Convertingtoradian,  rad
2 ra r
2

d
12
A= r θ, θmustbe inradian.
2

Foreachofthefollowing,findtheareaofthesectorAgiven the valuesofrand θ.

Example: (a)r = 5cmand θ= 0.8rad
r = 3 cmand θ= 1.8rad P
12
SinceA r 
2
1
 3 1.8
2
O 1.8rad
2
2
=8.1 cm

Q 2
[10 cm ]
(b)r = 2.11 cmand θ= 1.78 ra d 2
(c)r = 2.7 cmand θ=1 rad
3

2
[3.962cm ] 2
[6.075cm ]
4 (e)r = 1.5 mand θ= 122.8
o
(d)r= 12mmand θ= rad
5

2
[180.98mm ]
2 [2.411m ]
3 o (g)r = 13.2 cmand θ= 67.2
o
(f)r = mand θ= 85
5
 2
2
[0.2671m ] [102.19cm ]
Foreachofthefollowing,findthelengthoftheradiusr given the values ofθandA .
2 2
Example:θ= 1.2rad andA= 15 cm (a) θ= 3rad andA = 6 cm
12
SinceA r 
2
1 2
15 r 1.2
2
O
2 15  2 r
r  r
1.2 1 .2rad
=25
P Q
r= 5 cm

[2 cm]

(b) θ= 1.4radand A =118.3cm

2 
(c)θ= rad andA= 3π
6 m2

[13 cm] [6 m]
o 2
3 2 (e) θ= 102 and A=215 cm
(d) θ=1 rad and A= 78.25cm 7

[109.55 cm] [15.54 cm]

o 2 o 2
(f)θ= 65 and A=78 cm (g)θ= 102 andA = 1215 cm

[11.73 cm] [36.94 cm]

Foreachofthefollowing,findtheangleθinradiangiven the values ofr andA.
3 2 (a)r = 2.4 cmand A = 1.44cm
2
Example:r= 5 cmand A=9 cm
8
12
SinceA r 
2
3 1 2
9  5  O 5 cm
8 2 B
752 
  825 _3cm2
9
8
 3 rad A
4
[0.5 rad]
2 2
(b)r = 8cmand A = 64 cm (c)r = 0.6 mand A = 3.24 m

[2 rad] [18 rad]

Foreachofthefollowing,findtheangleθindegreegiven the values ofr andA.

2
Example:r= 4 cmand A =16 cm (a)r = 15 cmand A = 50πcm
12
SinceA r 
2
1 2 A
16 4 
2 O
162 
  16 16 cm2
= 2 rad
180
=2 3.142 B
o
=114.58

o
[80 ]
2
(b)r = 8cmand A = 48 cm (c)r = 3.2 mand A = 5 m2

o o
[85.93 ] [55.95 ]
2.2 PerimeterofSegmentsofa Circle

Example:
A
Fortheshadedsegmentin thegivendiagrambeside,finditsperimeter.
Theperimeteroftheshadedsegmentis thetotallength ofthearcAB
and
thechordAB.S O 1.2rad
AB=rθ
= 10 × 1.2
= 12 cm
Tofindthelength B
ofthechordAB,considerthetriangleOABin
thediagrambeside. A
1
AB
2 sin0.6rad = Note:
10
1 180 Thelengthofthechord
O 
AB10sin(0.6 )
AB=2rsin
2 3.142 2
AB=2×5.646 =
=11.292cm
perimeterofshadedsegment=12+11.292 B
=23.292cm

3.2AreaofSegmentsofaCircle

Example:
Withreferencetothesectorinthesamediagrambeside,findth A
eareaoftheshadedsegment.

Theareaoftheshadedsegmentisthedifferencebetweentheare
aofthesectorOABandthetriangleOAB. O 1.2rad
AreaofsectorOAB= 1 2
rθ
2
1
 10 1.2
2
B
2
2
=60 cm
Tofind thearea ofthetriangle OAB,
pleasereferto thediagrambeside. A
ACis perpendicularto the radiusOB.
AC
sin1.2rad Note:
AO AreaoftriangleOAB
 O 12
ACAOsin 1.2 180 = r sin
 
 3.142 2
1
AreaofOAB  OBAC
2 1 B
1 .
 OBOAsin68.75 2
2
1 r
 10100.9320 a
2 d
Areaofsegment
46.60cm
2
12 12
 r C r sin
Areaofshadedsegment=60–46.60 2 2
12
 r sin
2
=13.40cm
2
Foreachofthefollowingdiagrams, find
(i) the perimeterand
(ii) the areaoftheshadedsegment.
(b)
(a) A
Q
P

O 0.5rad

O
B

2 2
[Perimeter =4.974cm,Area = 0.2579cm ] [Perimeter =9.472cm,Area = 1.489cm ]
(c) (d)
P
O
A
60o

1 rad
O Q
B

2 2
[Perimeter =10.19cm,Area = 1.145cm ] [Perimeter =8.599cm,Area = 4.827cm ]
1. SPM2003Paper 2 CompulsoryQuestion No. 4
P
Thediagrambeside showsa sectorPOQ withcentreO
R
and radius 10 cm.PointRliesonthestraightlineOP
with conditionthatOR :OP= 3 :5.Calculate
(a) the value of, inrad, [3 ]
2
(b) the area, incm ofthe shadedregion. [4 ]

CircularMeasure 10
 O  Q
2
Answer: (a)0.9274 rad (b)22.37cm

2. SPM2004Paper 1 CompulsoryQuestion No.19

A
Thediagrambeside showsa
circlewithcentreO.Giventhatthelength
ofthemajorarcAB is45.51cm,findthelength,incm, O 0.354rad
oftheradius.
(Use=3.142) [3 ] B
2
Answer: 7.675 cm

3. SPM2004Paper 2 SelectiveQuestion No. 9

Thediagrambeside showsa circlePQRT withcentreO L

and radius 5 cm.JQK isthetangenttothecircleatQ.

ThestraightlinesJOandKO,intersectwiththecircle J Q
atPandRrespectively.OPQR is arhombus.JLK isanarc KP R
ofthecirclewithcentreO.Calculate rad
O
(a) theangle,intermsof, [2 ]
(b) thelength,in cm, ofthearcJLK, [4 ]
2
(c) the area, incm , oftheshadedregion. [4 ] T

2
Answer: (a) (b)20.95 cm (c)61.43 cm
2

3

4. SPM2005Paper 1 CompulsoryQuestion No.18

Thediagrambeside showsa
circlewithcentreO.Thelength ofthe minorarcAB is
o
16cmand theangle ofthe majorsectorAOBis 290 . A
OB
Using=3.142,find
(a) the value of, inradians, 
(Giveyouranswercorrecttofoursignificantfigures.)
(b) thelength,in cm, oftheradiusofthecircle. [3 ]

Answer: (a)1.222 rad (b)13.09cm

CircularMeasure 11
5. SPM2005Paper 2 SelectiveQuestion No.10
P
Thediagrambeside showsa sectorPOQ
ofacircle,centreO.ThepointAliesonO P,thepointBlieson OQ A
and ABis
 radian. 8cm
perpendicularto OQ.Thelength ofOA =8 cmand POQ =
6 _r
Itis given thatOA :OP = 4:7. ad6
(Use=3.142)Calculate
O Q
(a) thelength,in cm, ofAP, [1 ] B
(b) the perimeter,in cm, oftheshadedregion, [5 ]
(c) the area, incm2, oftheshadedregion. [4 ]
2
Answer: (a)6 cm (b)24.403 cm (c)37.463 cm

A
6. SPM2006Paper 1 CompulsoryQuestion No.16
Y
Thediagrambeside showssectorOAB withcentreOand X
sectorAXYwithcentreA.GiventhatOB = 10cm,AY = 4 cm,
POQ = 1.1radiansandthelength ofthearc AB= 7cm, calculate O
(a) the value of, inradian,
2
(b) the area, incm , oftheshadedregion. [4 ]
B
2
Answer: (a)0.7 rad (b)26.2 cm

7. SPM2006Paper 2 SelectiveQuestion No.10

R
Thediagrambeside showstheplan ofa garden.PCQ is a semicircle
with centreOandhas aradiusof8 m.RAQ is sectorofa circlewith
centreAand has aradiusof 14 m. SectorCOQ is alawn.Theshaded C
regionis aflowerbed andhas tobefenced.Itis giventhatAC = 8
mandPOQ = 1.956radians.
(Use=3.142)Calculate
2
(a) the area, in m , ofthelawn, [2 ] P Q
A O
(b) thelength,in m, ofthefencerequiredforfencing
theflowerbed, [4 ]
2
(c) the area, in m , oftheflowerbed. [4 ]
2 2
Answer: (a)62.592 m (b)38.252 m (c)14.71 m

8. SPM2007Paper 1 CompulsoryQuestion No.18

Thediagrambeside showsa sectorBOC ofacirclewithcentreO. B

Itis given that(AD = 8 cm)AOD = 1.85radians and
BA = AO = OD = DC = 5 cm. Find
(a) thelength,in cm, ofthearcBC,
2
(b) the area, incm , oftheshadedregion. [4 ] A1DC
O.
Answer: (a)18.5 cm (b)80.5 cm
2 8
5
r
a
d
9. SPM2007Paper 2 SelectiveQuestion No. 9 AB
6O
QR
Thediagrambeside showsa circle,centreOandradius 10 cm 0
o
inscribedin asectorAPBofa circle,centreP.Thestraightlines,
AP and BP aretangents tothecircleatpointQand R,respectively.
[Use=3.142]Calculate
(a) thelength,in cm, ofthearcAB, [5 ]
2
(b) the area, incm , oftheshadedregion. [5 ]
P
2
Answer: (a)31.41 cm (b)88.6 cm

10. SPM2008Paper 1 CompulsoryQuestion No.18

 Thediagrambeside showsa
circlewithcentreOandradius 10cm.Given thatP,Qand O 10cm
o
RarepointssuchthatOP = PQ andOPR =90 , find =
[Use=3.142] PR
(a) QOR, inradians, =
2
(b) the area, incm , oftheshadedregion. [4 ] Q
2
Answer:(a)1.047 (b)30.72 cm

11. SPM2008Paper 2 SelectiveQuestion No. 9

Thediagrambeside showstwocircles.Thelargercircle hascentreX

and rdius12 cm.ThesmallercirclehascentreYandradius 8cm.
ThecirclestouchatpointR.ThestraightlinePQ isacommontangentto
thecirclesatpointPandpointQ.

.
[Use=3.142] 
Y
R
X
GiventhatPXR= radian,
(a) show that= 1.37(to twodecimalplaces), [2 ] Q
P
(b) calculatethelength,incm,oftheminorarcQR,
2
(c) calculatethearea,in cm , oftheshadedregion.
[3 ]
[5 ]
.
2
Answer: (b)14.176 cm (b)40.616cm