Excitation System Upgrade

Richard C. Schaefer, Basler Electric

Frame 6 Users Conference

June 11, 2009
 Outline
1) Specifying Excitation Systems
for Procurement

2) Alternate Solutions to Replacing

Aged Static Exciter Systems

3) Retrofitting SCT-PPT Excitation

Systems with Digital Control
 Introduction
Consider all factors
• Environment
• Excitation location
• Applicable specs
• Agency requirements
• Performance
• Ratings
 Identify the Application

• For the generator main field?

OR
• For the shunt field of the rotating exciter?
Slip-Ring Generator

Generator
Stator

Revolving Field
 Sizing the Excitation System
• From the generator nameplate
• 115% the rated kVA at 105% rated
generator voltage
• Future consideration
for generator rewind
requiring higher field
current and higher
field voltage
 Field Forcing Concerns
• Magnitude can vary 150-200% of full load
• Can go higher if there are special
requirements

Field forcing also called “Response Ratio”.

 The PPT
• Most are convection cooled, dry type
• Most designed with anticipated harmonic
content
• Other considerations:
− higher than normal
BIL ratings
− epoxy cast or resin
core coils
(depending on
transformer location)
Rotary-Excited Brush Type Generator

Brushes

Field Generator
Arm
(Stator) Stator

Slip Rings
 3 SCR Half Wave Bridge
Shaft
Voltage
Suppressor

AC Surge
Field Suppressor
Contactor
τ
3∅ Generator
AC Field
Source
6 SCR Bridge with Crowbar
Fast De-excitation Circuit
Power Thyristor A Power Thyristor B
Short Circuit SCR Pole Slip SCR

MOV

Gen

Discharge Resistor
Rotating Exciter Voltage Regulator
Applications
Excitation Field Requirements
• Range from 10A – 200A
• Voltage Regulator works directly into
exciter shunt field
• Eliminates various types of pilot exciters
• Information not obvious
(need measurements)
• Use 6 SCR bridge
Equipment Features
 Specify all features
Prevent misinterpretation:

• Features are integrated into a single

controller with microprocessor architecture
• Software can enable and disable features
• Typical features included,
listed on following 3 slides
 Redundant
Digital Excitation Control Systems
FEATURES
• Voltage regulation
• Manual control
• var/PF control
• Excitation limiters
• Power system stabilizers

• Bumpless transfer
• Drawout or fixed mounted
 Power Input Options
• PMG
• Station power
• Generator output
Permanent Magnet Generator (PMG)

Trinistat Permanent
Power Magnet
Generator
Amplifier

Automatic
Exciter Voltage
Generator PTs
Field Regulator Voltage Set point

1 3 5
Exciter Gen
3 phase Main
Armature Field

2 4 6
Brushless Exciter
Special Feature Considerations
• Power System Stabilizer
• Redundant Digital Controllers
• Backup Instrument Transformers
• Redundant Bridge
Single or Dual Channel AVR with
Dual Instrument Transformers

VT AVR
Optional
60 Device

VT AVR
 Environment
Know the issues involved:
• Dripping water
• Temperature concerns
• Salt air spray damage
• Adequate working space
• Safety
 PID Exciter Model
IMPORTANT TODAY
VP

VREF + +
Σ KG KP Σ Π VR
- +
VRLMT/VP
VC
KI +
Σ
s
+
0
sKD
1 + sTD
Define the project for vendor
• Defined schedules
• Drawings of the existing system
• Generator design data and curves
• Availability of cable and conduits
• Development of interface
• Documentation
• Technical training schedule
• Technical spec
Startup and Commissioning Tests
• Startup and Sequence Logic checkout
• Off-line and on-line voltage step responses
• Under Excitation and Over Excitation Limiter
• Volts/Hertz Limiter
• Autotracking verification
• Frequency Response
• Power System Stabilizer
5% Voltage Step Change in
Voltage Regulator Mode
Under Excitation Limit
Dynamic Step Test
IEEE Standards as Applicable
• 421.1 Standard Definitions for Excitation
Systems for Synchronous Machines
• 421.2 Identification, Testing, and Evaluation of
Dynamic Performance of Excitation
Control System
• 421.3 Hipot Test Requirements for Excitation
Systems for Synchronous Machines
• 421.4 Preparation of Excitation System Specs
• 421.5 Recommended Practice for Excitation
System Models for Power System Stability
Studies
Appendix
 Outline
1) Specifying Excitation Systems for
Procurement

2) Alternate Solutions to Replacing Aged

Static Exciter Systems

3) Retrofitting SCT-PPT Excitation

Systems with Digital Control
 Retrofit Approaches
1. Replace complete static exciter system,
including PPT.
2. Keep PPT and replace VR control and
power rectifier bridge(s).
3. Retrofit only the analog controls and
keep the power rectifier bridge(s), breaker,
contactors and PPT.
 Factors that influence re-evaluation
of existing system’s ability to comply
1. 2005 Energy Act put emphasis on:
• generator excitation model validation
• performance testing
• limiter coordination w/protective relaying
2. Need to add power system stabilizer
 THE RETROFIT
• Eliminated all analog controls except
– Two SCR bridges
– AC field molded case breaker
– DC field flash contactor
– Field Flash resistor
– DC control interface
– PPT
• NEW Digital Controller mounted on front door
replaced old AVR rack
• NEW Programmable digital firing module
programmed for 3 SCR application
• NEW Gate amplifier board
• EXISTING balance reactors used for the SCR bridges
Original OEM Analog Voltage Regulator
Existing 3 SCR, 3 Diode
Half-Wave Bridge
Original equipment parts removed
during demolition
Digital Controller
Installed in Cabinet Door
• Voltage Regulator
• Field Current Regulator
• Var/PF Control
• Nulling
• Excitation Limiters
• Autovoltage Matching
• Oscillography
• Real Time Monitoring Testing Tools
• Built-in Dynamic System Analyzer
Testing Tools
• Protection
• Optional Power System Stabilizer
Back door of digital controller panel
showing firing circuit
and related hardware
Exciter cabinet lineup
with digital controller
installed
 Partial schematic of the new
interconnected system
GEN
60MVA

Existing Power
Potential
Transformer

Firing Circuit
Power Input Signals

Shunt

Existing SCR Power Bridges Control

Interface
Transformer

Gate Amplifier
Field Board
Isolation
Module Firing Circuit
Module
Input
Output

Voltage
Sensing

Digital
Controller
CT Input
Firing circuit setup for half-wave bridge
Firing Module: Configuration
 Voltage buildup in
Voltage Regulator Mode
5% Voltage Step Change in
Voltage Regulator Mode
 Outline
1) Specifying Excitation Systems for
Procurement

2) Alternate Solutions to Replacing Aged

Static Exciter Systems

3) Retrofitting SCT-PPT Excitation

Systems with Digital Control
Retrofitting SCT-PPT Excitation Systems
with Digital Control

Main field static excitation systems

• 1970’s vintage
• 5 - 295 MVA generators
• Gas turbines
Main field-excited gas turbine-generator
(Frame 5 and Frame 7)
 SCT-PPT equipment
• SCT
• PPT
• Linear reactors
• Power rectifier bridge(s)
• Automatic (AC) voltage regulator
• Manual (DC) voltage regulator
• Signal transformers (CT and PT)
• 41M generator field breaker
• Protection modules
• Auxiliary control systems
Dual power rectifier
bridge assembly

SCTs and linear

reactors
 Component parts to be removed
for the retrofit PPT SECONDARY
EQUIPMENT
to be
REMOVED
SATURABLE POWER
SCT SECONDARY CURRENT SCT CURRENT PPT POTENTIAL
TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMER
(3-PHASE)
FIELD FIELD (3)
GROUND OVERVOLTAGE

REGULATOR
LINEAR
64F 59E CT
REACTORS POWER 41M (PH. B) 52G
LOAD
RECTIFIER
BRIDGES GENERATOR
(3) (3-PHASE FULL WAVE)
53
FF RATE FEEDBACK FIELD
REGULATOR
PT

125 VDC
FIELD
FLASHING
PT
PT CT
SUPPLY VOLTAGE REACTIVE
AUTO CT
URAL CURRENT
CONTROL
COMP

MANUAL (DC) AUTOMATIC (AC)

83 83 SENSING SIGNAL
REGULATOR REGULATOR

SCT1

MANUAL
CONTROL
SCT
CONTROL SCT2
WINDING

SCT3

SCR SUPPLY VOLTAGE

Start-up and commissioning of new digital
voltage regulator system
New retrofit digital voltage regulator
on SCT-PPT system (steam turbine)
PPT SECONDARY

SATURABLE POWER
SCT SECONDARY CURRENT CURRENT POTENTIAL
SCT PPT
TRANSFORMERS TRANSFORMER
FIELD (3-PHASE)
GROUND (3)

LINEAR 64F REG CT

REACTORS POWER RECTIFIER SHUNT 41M (PHASE B) 52G CT LOAD
BRIDGES GENERATOR
(3) (3-PHASE FULL WAVE)
FF
FIELD GEN LINE
PT PT
FIELD
ISOLATION
125 VDC
CLR MODULE FIELD
FIELD VOLT and AMP
FLASHING FEEDBACK POWER
SYSTEM
STABILIZER

WATCHDOG
TRIP DIGITAL CONTROL MODULE
AUX
SCT1 START/STOP FUNCTIONS: INPUT
R/L AUTO VOLT REG
PID LOOP SETTINGS
SCT VAR/PF FLD CURRENT REG
PROTECTION
AVR/FCR GEN SOFT START FLD OVERVOLTS
CONTROL SCT2
WINDING REACTOR DROOP FLD OVERCURRENT
RECTIFIER FU FU FU OUTPUT VOLT MATCHING
CHASSIS GEN OVERVOLTS
CONTACTS
VAR/PF CONTROL GEN UNDERVOLTS
SCT3 SCR FIRING
160VOLT, OF-LINE OEL
FIRING LOSS OF SENSING
3-PHASE ON-LINE OEL
CIRCUIT FIELD TEMP
INPUT
CHASSIS MIN EXC LIMIT
86G
LCD SCREEN
52/b VOLT/HZ LIMIT INDICATION

KEYPAD
EXCITATION 160/120V 125VDC SWITCHES
SCR SUPPLY VOLTAGE CONTROL
TRANSFORMER
POWER IN SERIAL LINK
8KVA, 3-PH (MOD BUS)
240/160VAC
 Gas turbine-generator system
(New pans into existing generator control panel with “middle door”)

• Demolition and installation

• System testing

• System startup (Off-line and on-line testing)

• Technical training
 CONCLUSION
• Guidelines for specifying
• Options
– Replace entire excitation system
– Replace analog portion only for digital
front end, keeping rectifier bridges
– SCT/PPT AVR replacement for digital,
keeping power magnetics
Questions