UniGear type ZS1

Medium voltage, arc-proof, air-insulated,

metal-clad switchgear
1
 1
UniGear type ZS1 3

2
UniGear 550 47

3
Double Level UniGear 55

4
Double Busbar System UniGear 63

5
UniGear type ZVC 73

6
Marine Applications 81

1
2
 1
UniGear type ZS1

Page Chap.

Description 4 1.1

Air-insulated 6 1.2

Loss of sevice continuity 8 1.3

Safe 10 1.4

Type-tested 12 1.5

Arc-proof 14 1.6

Vacuum circuit-breaker 16 1.7

Gas circuit-breaker 20 1.8

Vacuum contactor 22 1.9

Service trucks 24 1.10

Switch-disconnector 26 1.11

Instrument transformers 28 1.12

Measurement sensors 30 1.13

Distribution and automation 32 1.14

Automatic transfer systems 40 1.15

Typical units and technical data 42 1.16

3
 Description

Characteristics
• Metal-clad, air-insulated switch-

UniGear
gear.
• Suitable for medium voltage
distribution.
• Guaranteed arc-proof units.
• Factory-tested for indoor installa-
tions.

The Refinement
• Tested in accordance with the
main international Standards.
• Wide range of functional units
available for all installation
solutions.
• Compartments segregated by

Switchge
metallic partitions.
• Modular structure, easily built-up.
• Highly effective use of space.
• Extremely compact contactor unit
in MV
with fuses.
• Fitted with double-level units.
• Start-up, maintenance and
service operations can be carried
out from the front.
• Apparatus handling with the door
closed.
• Units can be installed against the
wall.
• Limited and simple maintenance
activities.
• Complete with mechanical safety
interlocks.
• Earthing switch with full making
capacity.
• Studied to guarantee maximum
service continuity.
• Complete apparatus range: gas
and vacuum circuit-breakers, con-
tactors and switch-disconnectors.
• Conventional or integrated
protection and measurement
systems.
• Fitted with conventional
instrument transformers or new
generation sensors.

4
 1.1

Applications

Utilities and Power Plants

• Power generation stations
• Transformer stations
• Switching stations
• Main and auxiliary switchgear.

Industry
• Pulp and Paper
• Cement
• Textiles
• Chemicals
• Food

ear
• Automotive
• Petrochemical
• Quarrying
• Oil and gas pipelines
• Metallurgy
• Rolling mills
• Mines.

Marine applications
• Rigs
• Drilling platforms
• Off-shore oil rigs
• Tender ships
• Passenger ships
• Container ships
• Tankers
• Cable ships
• Ferries.

Transport
• Airports
• Ports
• Railways
• Underground transport.

Services
• Supermarkets
• Shopping malls
• Hospitals
• Large infrastructures and civil
works.

5
 Air-insulated

From generating stations down to installation The switchgear is modular and is built up by
distribution substations, ABB provides the most placing standardised units side by side in a
reliable and top quality solution for supplying coordinated way. The switchgear is simple to
products, systems and services. configure and selection of the apparatus and
As sole partner, ABB is the largest and most instruments does not imply dedicated solutions.
complete supplier in the world of switchgear and The functional units of the switchgear are
systems for electric power transmission and guaranteed arc proof in accordance with the IEC
distribution. ABB substations, cables, 62271-200 Standards, appendix AA, class A
transformers, control systems and switchgear are accessibility, criteria 1 to 5. All the start-up,
used by our customers for efficient use of electric maintenance and service operations can be
power. carried out from the front. The switchgear and the
earthing switches are operated from the front with
the door closed. The switchgear can be wall-
mounted. The range of apparatus for UniGear
switchgear is the most complete available on the
market, being able to count on vacuum and gas
circuit-breakers and vacuum contactors with fuses.
All this apparatus is interchangeable inside the
same switchgear unit. This makes use of a single
switchgear-user interface possible, with the same
service and maintenance procedure and
operations. The fixed version switch-disconnector
units complete the range of apparatus. The
switchgear can be fitted with conventional
(transformers and releases) or innovative (sensors
and multi-purpose unit) measurement and
protection components.
Apart from the traditional functional units, the
UniGear switchgear is fitted with double-level
solutions, compact units equipped with contactors
with fuses and double busbar systems. The use of
these units allows extremely efficient use of space.

Standards
The switchboard and main apparatus contained in
it comply with the following Standards:
As a leading company in research, development
• IEC 60694 for general purposes.
and innovation, ABB is able to provide the most
• IEC 62271-200 for the switchgear.
complete and suitable solutions for satisfying • IEC 62271-102 for the earthing switch.
present needs and future requirements of • IEC 60071-2 for the insulation coordination.
producers, distributors and users of electric power. • IEC 62271-100 for the circuit-breakers.
The medium voltage switchgear is one of the most • IEC 60470 for the contactor.
important links in the electric distribution chain • IEC 60265-1 for the switch-disconnector.
and ABB has developed the UniGear switchgear
with the aim of satisfying all requirements.
UniGear is a combination of consolidated Normal service conditions
solutions and innovative components, both of The rated characteristics of the switchboard are
which are fruit of ABB technology. guaranteed under the following ambient conditions:
UniGear is medium voltage metal-clad switchgear • Minimum ambient temperature: – 5 °C
with a metal enclosure, suitable for indoor • Maximum ambient temperature: + 40 °C
installations. • Maximum relative humidity: 95%
Metal partitions segregate the compartments from • Maximum altitude: 1000 m a.s.l.
each other and the live parts are air-insulated. • Presence of normal, non-corrosive and uncon-
taminated atmosphere.

6
 1.2

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 7.2 12 17.5 24

Rated insulation voltage kV 7.2 12 17.5 24
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1min 20 28 38 50
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 60 75 95 125
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60 50-60
Rated short-time withstand current kA 3s …50 …50 …40 …25
Peak current kA …125 …125 …100 …63
Internal arc withstand current kA 1s …40 …40 …40 …25
kA 0.5s …50 …50 – –
Main busbar rated current A …4000 …4000 …4000 …2500
Branch connection rated current A 630 630 630 630
1250 1250 1250 1250
1600 1600 1600 1600
2000 2000 2000 2000
2500 2500 2500 2300
3150 3150 3150 –
Branch connection rated current A 3600 3600 3600 2500
with forced ventilation 4000 4000 4000 –

Degrees of protection
The degrees of protection of the
switchboards conform with IEC
60529 Standards.
UniGear switchboards are normally
supplied with the following standard
degrees of protection:
• IP4X on the external housing.
• IP2X inside the units.
On request, the external housing can
be supplied with different degrees of
protection up to a maximum of IP53.
The electrical characteristics of the
switchboard can vary for ambient
conditions other than those de-
scribed and for higher degrees of
protection than the standard ones.

Colour of the external surfaces

RAL7035.

7
 Loss of service continuity

With IEC 62271-200, new aspects relative to new Compartments

definitions and classifications of MV switchgear Each unit consists of three power compartments:
have been introduced. One of the most significant apparatus [A], busbars [B] and feeder [C].
changes introduced in this release is that There are two versions available for closing the
classification of switchgear into metal-clad, apparatus and feeder compartment doors - with
compartmented and cubicle types has been screws or central handle.
completely abandoned. Revision of switchgear Each unit is fitted with an auxiliary compartment
classification rules has been based on the user’s [D], where all the instruments and cabling are
point of view, in particular on aspects like service housed.
and maintenance of the switchgear, according to Arc-proof switchgear is normally provided with a
the requirements and expectations for good duct [E] for evacuation of the gases produced by
substation management, from installation to an arc.
dismantling. In this context, Loss of Service All the units are accessible from the front and the
Continuity has been chosen as a fundamental maintenance and service operations can therefore
parameter for the user. also be carried out with the switchgear wall
mounted.
According to the updated rules, UniGear The compartments are segregated from each
switchgear can be defined as follows: other by metallic partitions.

1. Interlock-controlled accessible compartment Main busbars

compartment containing high-voltage parts,
The busbar compartment contains the main
intended to be opened for normal operation and/or
busbar system connected to the fixed upper
normal maintenance, in which access is controlled
isolating contacts of the apparatus by means of
by integral design of the switchgear and
branch connections.
controlgear.
The main busbars are made of electrolytic copper.
Up to 2500 A, the system is made with flat bus-
2. Procedure based accessible compartment
bars; for currents between 3150 A and 4000 A, a
compartment containing high-voltage parts,
special copper section is used.
intended to be opened for normal operation and/or
The busbars are normally covered with insulating
normal maintenance, in which access is controlled
material. There is a single busbar compartment
by a suitable procedure combined with locking.
along the whole length of the switchgear and this
can be fitted with segregations for dividing each
3. LSC2B
unit into compartments.
Busbar, feeder and apparatus compartments
physically and electrically segregated.
Branch connections
This is the category that defines the possibility of
keeping other compartments and/or functional The feeder compartment contains the branch
units energised when opening a main circuit system for connection of the power cables to the
compartment. fixed lower isolating contacts of the apparatus.
The branch connections are made of electrolytic
4. Partition Class copper. They are made with flat busbars for the
Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear whole range of currents and are normally covered
providing continuous metallic partitions and/or with insulating material.
shutters (if applicable), intended to be earthed,
between opened accessible compartments and Earthing switch
live parts of the main circuit. Each incoming/outgoing feeder compartment can
Metallic partitions and shutters or metallic parts of be fitted with an earthing switch for cable earthing.
them shall be connected to the earthing point of The same device can also be used to earth the
the functional unit. busbar system (measurements and bus-tie units).
It can also be installed directly on the main busbar
system in a dedicated compartment (busbar
applications).
The earthing switch has short-circuit making
capacity.

8
 1.3

Control of the apparatus is from the front of the

switchgear with either manual or motor-operated
operation. E
The position of the earthing switch can be seen
from the front of the switchgear by means of an
indicator.

Earthing busbar
The earthing busbar is made of electrolytic copper. D
It runs longitudinally all round of the switchgear,
thereby guaranteeing maximum personnel and
installation safety.

Insulating bushings and shutters B

The insulating bushings contained in the appara-
tus compartment contain the fixed contacts for
connection of the apparatus with the busbar
compartment and feeder compartment respective-
ly. They are single-pole type and are made of
epoxy resin. The shutters are metallic and are A
activated automatically during movement of the
apparatus from the racked-out position to the
service position and vice versa.

Cables
Single and three-core cables up to a maximum of
twelve per phase can be used depending on the
rated voltage, the unit dimensions and the cable
cross section.
The switchgear can be wall-mounted in the station
because the cables are easily accessible from the C
front.

Gas exhaust duct

The gas exhaust duct is positioned above the
switchgear and runs along its whole length.
Each power compartment is fitted with a flap
positioned on the top of it. The pressure generated
by the fault makes it open, allowing the gas to
pass into the duct.
Evacuation from the room of the hot gases and conformity with the Standards, such as expansion
incandescent particles produced by the internal chambers, absorbent filters and longitudinal
arc must normally be carried out. The UniGear evacuation chimneys.
switchgear is fitted with a complete range of
solutions to deal with all requirements, either in Busbar applications
the case where evacuation is possible directly at
Each switchgear unit can be fitted with an acces-
the end of the switchgear, or when solutions from
sory busbar application:
the front or rear are requested.
• current or voltage transformers for busbar
Some installations, such as marine ones, do not
measurements
allow conveyance of the gases to the outside of
• busbar system earthing switch
the room and therefore dedicated solutions have
• top entry duct to make interconnections be-
been realised to guarantee personnel safety and
tween different pieces of switchgear.

9
 Safe

The UniGear switchgear is fitted with all the

interlocks and accessories needed to guarantee
the high level of safety and reliability both for the
installation and operators.

Interlocks
The safety interlocks can either be the standard
ones [1-2-3] or those available on request [4-5].
The former are foreseen by the Standards and are
therefore necessary to guarantee the correct
operation sequence. The latter can be supplied on
request and they must be foreseen by the installa-
tion service and maintenance procedures.
Their presence guarantees the highest level of
reliability even in the case of an accidental error
and allows what ABB defines as an “error-free” The operations for apparatus racking-in/out [13]
system of interlocks. and earthing switch opening/closing [14] can be
prevented by applying the padlocks to the inser-
tion slots of the relevant operating levers.
Keys The padlock can also be applied to the earthing
The use of key interlocks is very important in switch of busbar applications.
realising the interlocking logics between units of The metallic segregation shutters [15] can be
the same switchgear, or of other medium, low and locked by means of two independent padlocks in
high voltage switchgear. The logics are realised by both the open and closed positions.
means of distributors or by ringing the keys. The switchgear is preset for using padlocks with a
The apparatus truck [6] can be locked in the 4 to 8 mm diameter.
racked-out position and the relevant lock key can
only be removed with the apparatus in this posi-
tion. The earthing switch closing [7] and opening Locking magnets
[8] operations can be locked by means of keys. The locking magnets are used to make automatic
The latter can only be removed with the earthing interlock logics without human intervention.
switch in an opposed position to the lock to be The apparatus racking-in/out [16] and the earthing
made. These locks can also be applied to the switch opening/closing [17] operations can be
earthing switch of busbar applications. prevented. This magnet can also be applied to the
The apparatus racking-in/out operations [9] and earthing switch of busbar applications.
earthing switch opening/closing [10] can be The doors of the apparatus [18] and feeder [19]
prevented by means of key locks, which prevent compartments can be locked in the closed posi-
insertion of the relevant operating levers. The key tion. The magnets can be applied to both door
lock can also be applied to the earthing switch of closing versions - with screws or with central
busbar applications. The keys can always be handle.
removed. The magnets operate with active logics and
therefore the lack of auxiliary voltage makes the
lock become operative.
Padlocks
The apparatus [11] and feeder [12] compartment
doors can be locked in the closed position by
means of padlocks. These can be applied to both
door closing versions - with screws or central
handle.

10
 1.4

Standard safety interlocks (mandatory)

Lock Condition
1 A Apparatus racking-in/out Apparatus closed
B Apparatus closing Undefined truck position
2 A Apparatus racking-in Apparatus multi-contact plug unplugged
B Apparatus multi-contact plug unplugging Truck in service or undefined position
3 A Earthing switch closing Truck in service or undefined position
B Apparatus racking-in Earthing switch closed

Additional safety interlocks (on request)

Lock Condition
4 A Apparatus compartment door opening Truck in service or undefined position
B Apparatus racking-in Apparatus compartment door open
5 A Feeder compartment door opening Earthing switch open
B Earthing switch opening Feeder compartment door open

Keys
6 Apparatus racking-in lock Can only be removed with the truck in the racked-out position
7 Earthing switch closing lock Can only be removed with the earthing switch open
8 Earthing switch opening lock Can only be removed with the earthing closed
9 Insertion of the apparatus Can always be removed
raking-in/out crank lever
10 Insertion of the earthing switch Can always be removed
operating lever

Padlocks
11 Apparatus compartment door opening
12 Feeder compartment door opening
13 Insertion of the apparatus raking-in/out crank lever
14 Insertion of the earthing switch operating lever
15 Shutters opening or closing

Locking magnets
16 Apparatus racking-in/out
17 Earthing switch opening and closing
18 Apparatus compartment door opening
19 Feeder compartment door opening

Accessory devices
20 Shutters fail-safe The device locks the shutters in the closed position when the apparatus is removed from
the compartment. The operator cannot open the shutters manually. The shutters can only
be operated by the apparatus truck or the service trucks.
21 Apparatus-switchgear The apparatus multi-contact plug and relative switchgear unit socket are equipped unit
unit compatibility matrix compatibility matrix with a mechanical matrix, that disables apparatus racking-in into a
switchgear unit with an inappropriate rated current.
22 Circuit-breaker mechanical The apparatus compartment is equipped with a mechanical device, that enables circuit-
operating mechanism breaker closing and/or opening directly by means of the front operating mechanism
pushbuttons, keeping the door closed. The controls can be operated with the circuit-
breakers in the service and racked-out position.

11
 Type-tested

The UniGear switchgear has under- Routine factory tests:

gone all the tests required by the • Visual inspection and check.
international (IEC) Standards and
• Mechanical sequence operations.
local Standards (for example, the
Chinese GB and Russian GOST • Cabling check.
standards). Apart from this, the tests • Electrical sequence operations.
required by the main shipping • Insulation test.
registers (LR, DNV, RINA, BV and • Measurement of the resistance of the main
GL) have been carried out for use of circuits.
the switchgear in marine installa-
tions.
As indicated in the regulations of Type tests:
these standards, the tests were
• Short-time and peak withstand current
carried out on the switchgear units
The test shows that the main power and the
considered most sensitive to the
earthing circuits resist the stresses caused by the
effects of the tests and therefore the
passage of the short-circuit current without any
results were extended to the whole
damage. It should also be noted that both the
range.
earthing system of the withdrawable apparatus
Arc withstand test. The tests simulate situations which occur very
and the earthing busbar of the switchgear are
rarely or even never in the installations. For
subjected to the test. The mechanical and electri-
example, a short-circuit at the maximum current
cal properties of the main busbar system and of
level for which the installation has been designed
the top and bottom branch connections remain
is rather unrealistic because of the presence of
unchanged even in the case of a short-circuit.
current-limiting components (such as the cables)
and because the power available is normally lower
than the rated one.
Apart from this, each switchgear unit is subjected • Temperature rise
to the routine tests in the factory before its deliv- The temperature rise test is carried out at the
ery. rated current value of the switchgear unit and
These tests are aimed at a functional check of the shows that the temperature does not become
switchgear based on the specific characteristics of excessive inside of it. During the test, both the
each installation. switchgear and the apparatus it may be fitted with
are checked (circuit-breakers, contactors and
switch-disconnectors). Apparatus subject to testing
Type tests:
in free air is able to withstand higher rated cur-
• Short-time and peak withstand current. rents than that inserted in a switchgear unit,
• Temperature rise and main circuit impedance therefore the rated current of the apparatus
measurements. depends on the characteristics of the switchgear
• Dielectric test on main and auxiliary circuits. and on the relevant ventilation system (natural or
• Making and breaking capacity of the apparatus. forced).
• Earthing switch making capacity.
• Mechanical operations.
• Dielectric
These tests check that the switchgear has suffi-
Type tests required by the shipping regis- cient capability to withstand the lightning impulse
and the power frequency voltage. The power
ters:
frequency withstand voltage test is carried out as
• High ambient temperatures (45 °C). a type test, but is also routine on every switchgear
• Inclination. unit manufactured.
• Vibration.

12
 1.5

• Apparatus making and breaking capacity • Inclination

All the apparatus (circuit-breakers, contactors and The test is carried out by inclining the switchgear for
switch-disconnectors) are subjected to the rated a defined time up to 25° alternatively on all four
current and short-circuit current breaking tests. sides and operating the apparatus (circuit-breaker,
Furthermore, they are also subjected to the contactor and earthing switch).
opening and closing of capacitive and inductive The test proves that the switchgear is able to resist
loads, capacitor banks and cable lines. these extreme service conditions and that all the
apparatus it contains can be operated without any
problems and without being damaged.
• Earthing switch making capacity
The earthing switch of the UniGear switchgear can
be closed under short-circuit. In actual fact, the
earthing switch is normally interlocked to avoid
being operated on circuits which are still live.
However, should this happen for any one of
several reasons, safety of the personnel operating
the installation would be fully safeguarded.

• Mechanical operations
The mechanical life tests of all the operating parts
highlight the reliability of the apparatus.
General experience in the electro-technical sector
shows that mechanical faults are one of the most
common causes of a fault in an installation. Inclination test.
The switchgear and apparatus it contains are
tested by carrying out a high number of operations
- higher than those which are normally carried out • Vibration
in installations in service. Moreover, the switchgear The reliability and sturdiness of the UniGear
components are part of a quality program system switchgear has been definitively proven by the
and are regularly taken up from the production result of the withstand test to mechanical stresses
lines and subjected to mechanical life tests to due to vibration. The service conditions on ship-
verify that the quality is identical to that of the ping installations and marine platforms require the
components subjected to the type tests. switchgear to work in environments strongly
affected by vibrations, such as those caused by
the operating motors on board large cruise ships
or on the drilling plants of oil rigs.
The switchgear has
Type tests required by the shipping regis- undergone the vibration
ters: test with a frequency
band from 2 to 100 Hz
• High ambient temperatures and with the following
motion with:
The service conditions of the electrical apparatus – 1 mm amplitude in
in shipping installations are generally more severe the frequency range
than those in normal land applications. between 2 and 13.2
The temperature is certainly one of these factors Hz.
and for this reason the shipping register regula-
– 0.7 g acceleration
tions require the switchgear to be able to operate
amplitude in the
at higher ambient temperatures (45 °C, but even
frequency range
higher) than those foreseen in the IEC Standards
between 13.2 and
(40 °C). Vibration test.
100 Hz.

13
 Arc-proof

When developing modern medium voltage switch- The test checks that the compartment doors
gear, personnel safety must necessarily take first remain closed and that no components are
place and this is why the UniGear switchgear has ejected from the switchgear even when subjected
been designed and tested to withstand an internal to very high pressures, and that no flames or
arc due to a short-circuit current of the same level incandescent gases come out, thereby ensuring
as the maximum short-time withstand level. the physical integrity of the personnel operating
The tests show that the metal housing of UniGear near the switchgear.
switchgear is able to protect personnel operating Moreover that no holes are produced in the
near the switchgear in the case of a fault which external freely accessible parts of the housing and
evolves as far as striking an internal arc. finally, that all the connections to the earthing
An internal arc is among the most unlikely of circuit remain efficacious, guaranteeing the safety
faults, although it can theoretically be caused by of personnel who may access to the switchgear
various factors, such as: after the fault.
The IEC 62271-200 Standard describes the
• Insulation defects due to quality deterioration of methods to be used for carrying out the test and
the components. As an example, the causes can the criteria which the switchgear must conform to.
be adverse environmental conditions and a The UniGear switchgear fully conforms to all the
highly polluted atmosphere. criteria indicated:
• Overvoltages of atmospheric origin or generated 1 The doors of the switchgear must remain
by operation of a component. closed and no opening of the cover panels must
• Incorrect operations due to not respecting the occur.
procedures or to inadequate training of the 2 Any part of the switchgear which may be
personnel in charge of the installation. hazardous for personnel must not be ejected.
• Breakage or tampering of the safety interlocks. 3 No holes must appear in the external housing
• Overheating of the contact area, due to the of the switchgear in any parts accessible to
presence of corrosive agents or when the personnel.
connections are not sufficiently tightened. 4 The vertically and horizontally arranged fabric
• Entry of small animals in the switchgear. indicators placed outside the switchgear must
• Material left behind inside the switchgear during not get burnt.
maintenance operations. 5 All the switchgear earthing connections must
The characteristics of the UniGear switchgear remain effective.
notably reduce the incidence of these causes in
generation of faults, but some of them cannot be In the case where classification IAC is proven by
eliminated definitively. the tests, the metal enclosed switchgear will be
The energy produced by the internal arc causes designated as follows:
the following phenomena: – General: classification IAC (initials for Internal
• Increase in the internal pressure. Arc Classified)
• Increase in temperature. – Accessibility: A, B or C (switchgear accessible to
• Visual and acoustic effects. authorized personnel only (A), to all (B), not
accessible due to installation (C))
• Mechanical stresses on the switchgear struc-
ture. – Test values: test current in kiloamperes (kA),
and duration in seconds (s).
• Melting, decomposition and evaporation of
materials.
UniGear switchgear is classified IAC AFLR.
Unless suitably controlled, these can have very
When installing the switchgear, some fundamental
serious consequences for the operators, such as
points must be taken into consideration:
wounds (due to the shock wave, flying parts and
the doors opening) and burns (due to emission of • Level of the fault current (16...50 kA).
hot gases). • Duration of the fault (0.1...1s).
• Escape routes for the hot and toxic gases given
off by combustion of materials.
• Dimensions of the room, with special attention
to the height.

14
 1.6

The parameters of each specific plant mean that The limiting systems are based on sensors which
evacuation of the hot gases and incandescent exploit the pressure or light generated by the fault.
particles must be checked very carefully in order The ITH and FRD devices (20 ms activation time)
to ensure and maintain personnel safety. belong to the former family, whereas the TVOC
UniGear switchgear is fitted with a complete range and REA systems (3 ms activation time)
of solutions to deal with all requirements, when belong to the latter.
evacuation is possible inside the room, but also
when this is not compatible with the plant charac-
ITH
teristics, as in the case of shipping installations.
The sensors consist of microswitches positioned
UniGear switchgear offers complete passive type on the top of the switchgear near the gas exhaust
protection against the effects of a fault due to an flaps of the three power compartments (apparatus,
internal arc by means of its structure for a time of busbars and feeder). The shock wave makes the
1s up to 40 kA and 0.5s at 50 kA. flats open and operate the microswitchesm
ABB has also developed protection systems which connected to shunt opening releases of the circuit-
allow very important objectives to be achieved: breakers.

• Detection and extinction of the fault, normally in FRD

less than 100ms.
This system consists of pressure sensors located
• Limitation of the consequences of the fault on
in the auxiliary compartment and connected to the
the apparatus.
three power compartments by means of small
• Limitation of out of service. tubes. The sensors detect the rising front of the
pressure wave which develops on the outburst of
For active protection against an internal arc, the arc and react by making the circuit-breakers
devices consisting of various types of sensors can open. The sensors are protected against the
be installed in the various compartments, which external environment and can be checked even
detect the immediate outburst of the fault and with the switchgear in service.
carry out selective opening of the circuit-breakers.
TVOC
This system consists of an electronic monitoring
device located in the auxiliary compartment which
the optic sensors are subject to. These are
distributed in the various power compartments and
are connected to the device by means of optic
fibres. When a certain established light level is
exceeded, the device opens the circuit-
breakers.To prevent the system from intervening
Arc duration and due to light occasionally generated by external
damage caused phenomena (flash of a camera, reflections of
external lights, etc.), current transformers can also
be connected. The protection module only sends
the opening command to the circuit-breaker if it
receives the light and short-circuit current signal
simultaneously.

Steel REA
Copper Please refer to page 38.

Cables

15
 Vacuum circuit-breaker

UniGear switchgear can be fitted with the widest Poles

range of apparatus available on the market today The VD4 medium voltage circuit-breakers use
and of these the vacuum circuit-breaker now vacuum interrupters embedded in resin poles.
occupies a position of prime importance in all Embedding the interrupter in the resin makes the
sectors of primary distribution. circuit-breaker poles particularly sturdy and
Vacuum circuit-breakers cover the whole range of protects the interrupter itself against shocks,
switchgear parameters and therefore the whole deposits of dust and humidity.
range of applications. The vacuum interrupter houses the contacts and
Dozens of years of experience gained in develop- makes up the interruption chamber.
ing and using vacuum interrupters are today ABB circuit-breakers use the most advanced
reflected in the range of ABB circuit-breakers, vacuum breaking techniques: with radial magnetic
which stand out for their exceptional electrical and flow for circuit-breakers with medium-low perform-
mechanical characteristics, extremely long ances and with axial magnetic flow for those with
and low maintenance life, compactness and the high breaking capacity. Both techniques guarantee
use of highly innovative construction techniques. even distribution of the arc roots over the whole
ABB develops and produces a complete range of surface of the contacts, allowing top performances
interrupters for use in circuit-breakers and contac- at all current values.
tors and for all medium voltage applications. The structure of a vacuum interrupter is relatively
simple. The housing is made up of a ceramic
insulator closed at the ends by stainless steel
VD4 covers.
The contacts are made of pure copper and
sintered chrome and are welded to the copper
terminals. A metallic bellows allows movement of
the moving contact-terminal group, at the same
time guaranteeing that the vacuum is maintained
in the interrupter.
The interrupter components are welded in an
environment under a very strong vacuum to
guarantee a vacuum of less than 10-5 Pa in the
interrupter.
The interrupter does not therefore contain any
ionisable material. In any case, on detachment of
the contacts, an electric arc is generated which
only consists of the melted and vaporised material
of the contact.A metallic shield is integrated inside
the interrupter to capture the metallic vapours
given off during interruption, as well as for control-
ling the electric field. The particular shape of the
contacts generates a magnetic field which forces
The VD4 medium voltage circuit-breaker interrupt-
the arc to rotate and to involve a much wide
ers use the vacuum to extinguish the electric arc
surface than that of a fixed contact arc. Apart from
and as the insulating medium.
limiting the thermal stress on the contacts, all this
Thanks to the unequalled properties of vacuum
makes contact erosion negligible and, above all,
and the breaking technique used, current interrup-
allows the interruption process to be controlled
tion takes place without arc chopping and without
even with very high short-circuit currents. The
overvoltages. Restoration of the dielectric proper-
electric arc remains supported by the external
ties following interruption is extremely rapid.
energy until the current passes through its natural
The VD4 circuit-breakers are used in electrical
zero.
distribution for control and protection of cables,
The ABB vacuum interrupters are zero current
overhead lines, transformer and distribution
interrupters and are free of any re-striking phe-
substations, motors, transformers, generators and
nomena.
capacitor banks.

16
 1.7

The rapid reduction of the current density and fast

condensation of the metallic vapours, simultane-
ously with the instant of zero current, allow the
maximum dielectric strength between the inter-
rupter contacts to be re-established within a few
thousandths of a second. Supervision of the
vacuum level is not necessary as the circuit-
breaker poles are sealed-for-life pressure systems
and do not require any maintenance.

Operating mechanism
The VD4 circuit-breaker is fitted with a mechanical
stored energy type operating mechanism.
Trip is free and therefore allows opening and
closing operations independent of the operator.
The operating mechanism spring system can be
recharged either manually or by means of a
geared motor.
The apparatus can be opened and closed by
means of the pushbuttons on the front of the
operating mechanism or by means of electric
releases (shunt closing, shunt opening and Apparatus-operator interface
undervoltage). The front part of the circuit-breaker represents the
The circuit-breakers are always fitted with an anti- interface of the apparatus with the user personnel.
pumping device to eliminate the possibility of It is fitted with the following accessories:
simultaneous opening and closing commands, • Opening pushbutton.
closing commands with springs discharged or with
• Closing pushbutton.
the main contacts not yet in their run-end position.
• Operation counter.
• Indicator of the circuit-breaker open and closed
Truck state.
• Indicator of the charged or discharged state of
The poles and operating mechanism are fixed
the operating mechanism springs.
onto a metal support and handling truck.
• Manual charging device of the operating mecha-
The truck is provided with a wheel system which
nism springs.
makes the operations for racking the apparatus
into and out of the switchgear unit possible with • Override selector of the undervoltage release
the door closed. The truck allows efficient earthing (optional).
of the circuit-breaker by means of the metallic
structure of the switchgear unit.
The vacuum circuit-breaker truck can be motor- Standards
operated. IEC 62271-100 for the circuit-breaker.
The racking-out and racking-in operations can be
carried out by means of electrical controls, either
locally by the operator or by a remote system.

17
 Vacuum circuit-breaker

Vmax The interrupters of the Vmax medium voltage

circuit-breakers are the same as those used in the
VD4 and VM1 series. The Vmax series therefore
guarantees the same characteristics as the
vacuum series mentioned above, i.e. interruption
of the currents without arc chopping and overvolt-
ages and extremely rapid recovery of the dielectric
properties after the interruption.

Operating mechanism
The Vmax series is fitted with a mechanical
operating mechanism of simple conception and
use, derived from the same mechanical operating
mechanism which equips the VD4 series.
The stored energy operating mechanism with free
trip therefore allows opening and closing opera-
tions independent of the operator. The spring
system of the operating mechanism can be
recharged both manually and by means of a
Vmax medium voltage circuit-breakers are the geared motor. Opening and closing of the appara-
synthesis of ABB technology in designing and tus can take place both by means of the pushbut-
constructing vacuum interrupters and of the tons located on the front of the operating mecha-
excellence of design, engineering and production nism, and by means of the electric releases (shunt
of the circuit-breakers. They find their ideal closing, shunt opening and undervoltage).
use in UniGear ZS1 type switchgear 550 mm wide The circuit-breaker is always fitted with a mechani-
up to 17.5 kV, 1250 A and 31.5 kA. cal anti-pumping device to prevent repeated
Vmax circuit-breakers are used in electrical sequences of opening and closing operations
distribution for control and protection of cables, following simultaneous and maintained opening
overhead lines, transformer and distribution and closing commands (local and/or remote).
substations, motors, transformers, generators and
capacitor banks.
Truck
The poles and operating mechanism are fixed
Insulating monobloc onto a metal supporting and handling truck.
The structure of Vmax is particularly innovative The truck is provided with a system of wheels
since instead of have three distinct separate poles, which makes the racking-in and racking-out
it has a single insulating monobloc where the operations of the apparatus into the switchgear
three vacuum interrupters are housed. The unit with the door closed possible.
monobloc and operating mechanism, of the The truck allows efficacious earthing of the circuit-
mechanical type with a spring for operating energy breaker by means of the metallic structure of the
storage, are fixed to a sturdy metallic frame. The switchgear.
compact structure ensures the same sturdiness
and mechanical reliability as a traditional circuit-
breaker consisting of an operating
mechanism/pole base cover and three separate
poles. The low speed of the contacts together with
the reduced run and the mass container, limit the
energy required for the operation and therefore
guarantee extremely limited wear on the system.
This means the circuit-breaker requires limited
maintenance.

18
 1.7

Apparatus-operator interface VM1

The front part of the circuit-breaker represents the
interface of the apparatus with the user personnel.
It is provided with the following accessories:
• opening pushbutton
• closing pushbutton
• operation counter
• indicator of the open and closed state of the
circuit-breaker
• indicator of the charged and discharged state of
the operating mechanism springs
• manual device for charging the operating
mechanism springs
• selector for exclusion of the undervoltage
release (optional).

The conventional mechanical stored energy type

of operating mechanism of the VD4 circuit-
breakers can be replaced with an operating
mechanism with magnetic actuator, thereby giving
rise to the VM1 series of circuit-breakers.
All the characteristics of the circuit-breakers
described in this chapter remain unchanged
except for the operating mechanism.
The operating mechanism is based on a greatly
reduced number of components:
• Actuator with permanent magnets. The heart
of the operating mechanism consists of the
magnetic actuator which carries out the closing
and opening operations, and keeps the main
contacts in their positions taken up after the
operation. The magnet transmits the operating
mechanism to the interrupters by means of a
single transmission lever.
Standards • Electronic control device. All the functions
IEC 62271-100 for the circuit-breaker. (trip, operation, energy charging and watchdog)
are carried out from the integrated electronic
controller. The circuit-breaker is fitted with a
multivoltage direct and alternating current
feeder.
• Capacitors. The energy required to switch the
operating mechanism is obtained by means of
an incorporated capacitor bank. The stored
energy guarantees the complete O-C-O reclos-
ing sequence.reclosing sequence.
• Position sensors. The position of the circuit-
breaker contacts is detected by means of
electronic proximity sensors.

19
 Gas circuit-breaker

The single and double-level switchgear can be particularly sensitive to dielectric and dynamic
fitted either with vacuum circuit-breakers or with stresses are installed (for example, old cables or
SF6 circuit-breakers. transformers).
The ABB vacuum and gas series of circuit-
breakers are mechanically interchangeable and Poles
the same switchgear unit can therefore take either The HD4 circuit-breaker poles use the autopuffer
type of apparatus. Only ABB can offer apparatus breaking system, combining the compression and
belonging to the two techniques for the whole self-blast techniques in a single solution.
range of applications, voltage levels (12-17.5- The autopuffer system is the most innovative
24 kV), rated current (630...4000 A) and breaking technique in the field of gas circuit-breakers and
capacity (16...50 kA), giving the opportunity of originates from the high voltage apparatus.
selecting those most suited to the installation The combination of the compression and self-blast
characteristics and to the feeders to be switched techniques allows the best performances to be
and protected. The long and proven experience of obtained at all current values. Both are always
ABB shows that the two types of circuit-breakers present, but whereas the former operates optimal-
are equally valid and complementary and there- ly in switching low currents, the latter acts
fore allow optimised selection for their use. effectively during operation on higher current
values. The autopuffer technique allows the use of
a smaller quantity of gas than that required by
circuit-breakers based on other techniques. For
HD4
the same reason, the gas pressure is also consid-
erably reduced. The autopuffer technique guaran-
tees the insulating withstand voltage and the
breaking capacity up to 30% of the rated one even
with zero relative pressure.
The whole range of HD4 circuit-breakers uses the
same gas pressure for all rated voltage levels (12-
17.5-24 kV). SF6 gas pressure level monitoring is
not necessary, since the circuit-breaker poles are
sealed-for-life pressure systems and are mainte-
nance-free. In any case, they are fitted with a
pressure control device for checking that the
characteristics
are not altered due to transport or incorrect
operations.

Operating mechanism
The HD4 circuit-breaker is fitted with a mechanical
stored energy operating mechanism. Trip is free
The HD4 medium voltage circuit-breakers use and therefore allows opening and closing opera-
sulphur hexafluoride gas (SF6) to extinguish the tions independent of the operator. The operating
electric arc and as the insulating medium. mechanism spring system can be recharged either
Thanks to the excellent properties of SF6 gas, manually or by means of a geared motor. The
interruption of the currents takes place without arc operating mechanism is of the same type for the
chopping and overvoltages. There is no restriking whole series and has a standardised range of
phenomenon after interruption and the dielectric accessories and spare parts. All the accessory
properties following interruption are components can easily be replaced by means of
recovered extremely rapidly. plug-socket connectors.
There are circuit-breakers for all electric power Opening and the closing of the apparatus can be
distribution applications. They can be particularly carried out by means of the pushbuttons on the
recommended for the use on capacitor banks, front of the operating mechanism or by means of
motors, transformers insulated in oil and in electric releases (shunt closing, shunt opening
installations where components which are and undervoltage).

20
 1.8

The circuit-breakers are always fitted with an anti- • Manual charging device of the operating mecha-
pumping device to eliminate the possibility of nism springs.
simultaneous opening and closing commands, • Override selector of the undervoltage release
closing commands with springs discharged or with (optional).
the main contacts not yet in their run-end position. • LED gas pressure indicator (optional).

Truck Standards
The poles and operating mechanism are fixed IEC 62271-100 for the circuit-breaker.
onto a metal support and handling truck. IEC 60376 for the SF6 gas.
The truck is provided with a wheel system which
makes the operations for racking the apparatus
out of and into the switchgear unit possible with
the door closed. The truck allows effective earthing HD4-HXA
of the circuit-breaker by means of the metallic
structure of the switchgear unit.

Apparatus-operator interface
The front part of the circuit-breaker represents the
interface of the apparatus with the user personnel.
It is fitted with the following accessories:
• Opening pushbutton.
• Closing pushbutton.
• Operation counter.
• Indicator of the circuit-breaker open and closed
state.
• Indicator of the charged and discharged state of
the operating mechanism springs.

The range of HD4 circuit-breakers is enriched by

the HXA version.
This series of circuit-breakers keeps all the
characteristics described in this chapter, but
stands out for its ability to switch loads with strong
unidirectional components.
For breaking capacities of 40 kA or lower, they are
able to switch loads with unidirectional compo-
nents IDC = 100%, up to service voltage 13.8 kV;
at 50 kA the unidirectional component percentage
IDC is reduced to 50%.
They can be used in all installations affected by
strong unidirectional components, but their natural
field of application is found in switching and
protecting transformers of the auxiliary circuits in
power generating stations.
They comply with the IEC 62271-100 Standards.

21
 Vacuum contactor

V-Contact medium voltage contac- The contactor remains in the closed position as
tors are apparatus suitable for long as the electromagnet remains energised and
operating in alternating current and opens automatically when the auxiliary voltage is
are usually used to control feeders cut off.
which require a high number of
operations per hour. Operating mechanism with mechanical
They are suitable for operating and latching
protecting motors, transformers and
This is a mechanical device which, on closing of
power factor correction banks. Fitted
the contactor, latches up the moving equipment
with appropriate fuses, they can be
and keeps the contactor closed with the coils of
used in circuits with fault levels up to
the operating mechanism de-energised.
1000 MVA.
The mechanical latching device includes the shunt
The electrical life of V-Contact
opening release for instantaneous service, the
contactors is defined as being in
opening pushbutton and the release device in
category AC3 with 100,000 opera-
case of fuse tripping.
tions (closing-opening), 400 A
interrupted current.
Fuses
The contactors consist of a monobloc of resin
containing the following components: The contactor is fitted with medium voltage fuses
• vacuum interrupters for protection of the operated feeders.
• moving equipment Coordination between the contactor, fuses and
protection unit is guaranteed in accordance with
• control electromagnet
the IEC 60470 Standards for apparatus in class C.
• multivoltage feeder
The fuse-holder frame is usually preset for instal-
• accessories and auxiliary contacts. lation of a set of three fuses per phase with
The V-Contact contactors are provided in the average dimensions and type of striker, according
following versions: to the following Standards:
• V7 for voltages up to 7.2 kV. • DIN 43625.
• V12 for voltages up to 12 kV. • BS 2692.
Both versions are available with the operating The following fuses can be applied:
mechanism with electrical or mechanical latching. • DIN type with a length of 192, 292 and 442 mm
The V-Contact contactors are mechanically • BS type with a length of 235, 305, 410, 454 and
interchangeable with the whole series of ABB 553 mm.
circuit-breakers and the same switchgear unit can
The fuse-holder frames are fitted with a device for
therefore take both types of apparatus without
automatic opening when even just one fuse blows.
distinction.
This same device does not allow contactor closing
when even a single fuse is missing.
The same basic components of the V-Contact
The ABB range of fuses for transformer protection
contactor are also used to realise the UniGear
is called CEF, whereas CEM is the one for motors
type ZVC compact apparatus. For the specific
and capacitors.
characteristics and the relevant applications refer
to chapter 3.
Voltage transformer
Operating mechanism with The contactor can be fitted with a two-pole voltage
transformer complete with the relevant protection
electrical latching
fuses. The voltage transformer is used to supply
Closing of the main contacts is obtained by means the coils of the contactor operating mechanism.
of a control electromagnet. Opening is carried out Apart from power supply of the contactor, ito can
thanks to the action of a counter spring. also supply other components of the switchgear
unit (lamps, signalling devices, auxiliary relays,
etc.) up to a maximum power of 50 VA.

22
 1.9

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 3.6 7.2 12

Rated insulation voltage kV 3.6 7.2 12
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1min 16 20 28
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 40 60 75
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60
Rated short-time withstand current kA(1) ...50 …50 …50
Peak current kA …125 …125 …125
Internal arc withstand current (2) kA 1s …40 …40 …40
kA 0.5 s …50 …50 …50
Maximum rated current of the contactor A 400 400 400

Maximum performances of the contactor with fuses

Motors kW 1500 3000 5000

Transformers kVA 2000 4000 5000
Capacitors kVAR 1500 3000 4800

Maximum load currents of the fuses

Feeder Transformers Motors Capacitors

Rated Fuse Maximum Fuse Maximum Fuse Maximum
voltage load load load
3.6 kV 200A 160A 315A 250A 450A 360A
7.2 kV 200A 160A 315A 250A 355A 285A
12 kV 200A 160A 200A 160A 200A 160A

Standards
IEC 60470 and IEC 60632-1 for the contactor.
IEC 60282-1 for the fuses.

(1) Limited by the fuses.

(2) The internal arc with-
stand values are guar-
anteed in the compart-
ments on the supply
side of the fuses
(busbars and appara-
tus) by the structure of
the switchgear and on
the load side (feeder) by
the limiting properties of
Fuse according to DIN Standards Fuse according to BS Standards the fuses.

23
 Service trucks

The UniGear range is equipped with all the service The earthing truck of the main busbars, during the
trucks needed to complete the switchgear and racking-in phase, only lifts the top shutter and
required for service operations and during mainte- earths the contacts connected to the top branch
nance work. connections (and therefore to the main busbar
The trucks are divided into four different types: system) by means of the switchgear structure.
• Earthing without making capacity. The earthing truck of the power cables, during the
• Earthing with making capacity. racking-in phase, only activates the bottom shutter
• Cable test. and earths the contacts connected to the bottom
branch connections (and therefore to the power
• Isolation.
cables) by means of the switchgear
structure.
These trucks can also be used in the bus-tie unit.
In this case, they earth one of the two sides of the
main busbar system.

Earthing truck with making capacity (*)

These trucks carry out the same function as the
earthing switches with making capacity.
They consist of circuit-breakers provided with top
(earthing of the main busbars) or bottom (earthing
of the power cables) terminals only. The contacts
without terminals are short-circuited by means of a
copper bar and connected to earth by
means of the apparatus truck.
They keep all the characteristics of the circuit-
breakers, such as full making and breaking
capacity on live circuits under fault conditions.
They are used to ensure extremely effective
Earthing truck without making capacity (*) earthing on circuits stressed by a fault. They allow
These trucks carry out the same function as the opening and closing operations to be carried out
earthing switches without making capacity. rapidly with electric remote control.
They therefore have no capacity to earth live The use of these trucks foresees removal of the
circuits in fault conditions. apparatus from the switchgear (circuit-breaker or
They are used to ensure an additional fixed earth, contactor) and its replacement with the truck.
as is required by some installation service and The units preset for use of the earthing trucks
maintenance procedures, as a further guarantee must be provided with a key lock which, when
for personnel. activated, prevents its being racked-in.
The use of these trucks foresees removal of the This truck is available in two versions:
apparatus from the switchgear (circuit-breaker or • Earthing of the main busbar system.
contactor) and its replacement with the truck. • Earthing of the power cables.
The units preset for use of the earthing trucks The earthing truck of the main busbars, during the
must be provided with a key lock which, when racking-in phase, only lifts the top shutter and
activated, prevents their racking-in. presets the contacts connected to the top branch
This truck is available in two versions: connections (and therefore to the main busbar
(*) Derived from HD4 • Earthing of the main busbar system. system) for closing to earth by means of operating
series. • Earthing of the power cables. mechanism.

24
 1.10

The earthing truck of the power cables, during the Isolating truck (*)
racking-in phase, only activates the bottom shutter The isolating truck allows the top switchgear
and presets the contacts connected to the bottom contacts to be connected directly to the bottom
branch connections (and therefore to the power ones. Connection is made extremely safe by using
cables) for closing to earth by means of operating the poles of the circuit-breakers to insulate the
mechanism. connection busbars from the external environment.
These trucks can also be used in the bus-tie unit. In the incoming/outgoing feeder units it connects
In this case, they earth one of the two sides of the the main busbar system to the power cables,
main busbar system. whereas in the bus-tie, to the two sides of the
busbar system.
This truck has its application in UniGear switch-
Power cable test truck gear for making incoming/outgoing feeders without
These trucks allow the insulation tests on the a circuit-breaker in radial networks, for making
power cables to be carried out without accessing cable connections between two pieces of switch-
the feeder compartment or disconnecting the gear placed in front of each other, in making
cables from the switchgear. interconnection units and in creating the bus-tie
The use of these trucks foresees removal of the riser configuration with double insulation (in this
apparatus from the switchgear (circuit-breaker or case, both the units are made up of bus-ties, the
contactor) and its replacement with the truck. former fitted with a circuit-breaker and the latter
The truck, during the racking-in phase, only with an isolating truck).
activates the bottom shutter and, by means of the The units preset for use of the isolating trucks
connectors it is fitted with, allows connection of the must be fitted with a key lock which, when activat-
test apparatus cables. ed, prevents its being racked-in.
This truck can only be used in the incoming/ (*) Derived from HD4
outgoing feeders with the door open. series.

Cable test truck.

Main busbar system earthing Power cable earthing truck,
truck, without making capacity. without making capacity.

Main busbar system earthing Power cable earthing truck, Isolating truck.
truck, with making capacity. with making capacity.

25
 Switch-disconnector

The DF units are fitted with NAL type Switch-disconnector control, like that of the
switch-disconnectors. earthing switch, comes from the front of the
These units are used to switch and switchgear by means of manual operation.
protect feeders and transformers or The position of both pieces of apparatus can be
the auxiliary services transformers in seen directly from the front of the switchgear
electrical power stations. through an inspection window.
The NAL switch-disconnectors are The unit can be fitted with a set of three current
medium voltage air-insulated appara- transformers or with measurement sensors.
tus consisting of a fixed support to
which the post The DF unit consists of two power compartments:
insulators are applied (top and busbars and feeder. The latter contains both the
bottom), the system of contacts switch-disconnector and the connection terminals
(fixed and moving) and latching of the power cables.
pliers (of the fuses or of the insulat- Segregation between the power compartments
ing bars). takes place automatically with earthing switch
The switch-disconnector is fitted with closure. An insulating shutter creates complete
two systems of moving blade con- separation between the fixed contacts of the
tacts, the main one (passed through switch-disconnector, making the top ones inacces-
by the load current with the switch in sible to the operators. This makes maintenance
the closed position) and the arc- operations on the cables and fuses possible,
breaking one (passed through by the keeping the remainder of the switchgear in
current during the opening and service.
closing operations). This solutions
means the main contacts are not stressed and The switch-disconnector, earthing switch and
therefore keep the electrical characteristics of the access door to the feeder compartment are
apparatus unchanged. interlocked with each other to guarantee maximum
During switch-disconnector opening there is safety for the personnel and correct operation.
compression of the air by means of the pistons
contained in the top insulator cylinders. At the Each unit is fitted with an auxiliary compartment,
moment of separation of the contacts, thanks to where the instruments and cabling are housed.
generation of a blast of compressed air which All the units are accessible from the front and
comes out through special nozzles, the arc is maintenance and service operations can therefore
cooled and de-ionised. This leads to a gradual be carried out even with the switchgear wall-
increase in the arc resistance which determines its mounted.
extinction. The movement of the pistons is syn-
chronised with that of the arc-breaking contacts of
the switch-disconnector so as to guarantee the Standards
highest inflow of air at the moment of separation of IEC 60265-1 for the switch-disconnector.
the contacts and thereby obtain certain arc IEC 60282-1 for the fuses.
extinction.

The unit can be fitted with insulating bars (NAL

switch-disconnector unit) or with medium voltage
fuses (NALF switch-disconnector unit with fuses).
The NALF switch-disconnector is fitted with an
automatic release mechanism for fuse tripping and
uses fuses in accordance with DIN 43625 Stand-
ards. The ABB range of fuses for transformer
protection is called CEF. Each unit is fitted with an
earthing switch with making capacity for earthing
the cables.

26
 1.11

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 12 17.5 24

Rated insulation voltage kV 17.5 17.5 24
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1 m 38 38 50
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 95 95 125
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60

NALF switch-disconnector unit with fuses

Rated short-time withstand current kA (1) …25 …25 …20

Peak current kA …100 …100 …63
Maximum rated current of the fuses A 63 63 63
Internal arc withstand current (2) kA 1 s …40 …40 …25

Selection table of the fuses for protection transformers

Rated power of the transformer (kVA)

kV 25 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600
Rated normal current of the fuse (A)
3 10 16 25 25 40 40 63 63 100 100 100 100
5 6 10 16 16 25 25 40 40 63 63 100 100 100 100
6 6 6 10 10 16 16 25 25 25 40 40 63 63 100 100
10 6 6 10 10 16 16 25 25 25 40 40 63 63 100 100
12 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 25 25 40 40 40 63 63 100 100 100
15 6 6 6 10 10 16 16 25 25 25 40 40 40 63 63 100 100
17 6 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 25 25 25 40 40 63 63 63 100 100
20 6 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 16 25 25 40 40 40 63 63
24 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 16 16 16 25 25 40 40 40 63 63

(1) Limited by the fuses.

(2) The internal arc withstand values are
guaranteed in the compartment on the
supply side of the fuses (busbars) by the
structure of the switchgear and on the
load side (feeder) by the limiting prop-
erties of the fuses.

27
 Instrument transformers

Current transformers
The current transformers are of the type insulated in resin and
are used to supply the measurement devices and protection
instruments. These transformers can have a wound core or a
bushing bar with one or more cores, with performances and
accuracy classes suitable for the installation requirements.
They conform to the IEC 60044-1 Standards.
Their dimensions are in accordance with the DIN 42600 Narrow
Type Standard, in the Medium and Long Size versions
up to 2500A, whereas they are of the toroidal type in the range
of currents from 3150 A to 4000 A.
The current transformers can also be provided with a capacitive
socket for connection to voltage signalling devices.
The current transformers are normally mounted on the load side
of the apparatus compartment for measurement of the
phase currents of the switchgear unit. Mounting on the supply
TPU 1250 A.
side of the apparatus compartment is also possible (busbar
applications) for measuring the busbar currents or for realising
particular protection schemes. The ABB range of current
transformers is called TPU.

Toroidal current transformers

The toroidal transformers are of the type insulated in resin and
are used to supply measurement and protection devices.
These transformers can either be with a closed or openable
core.
They can be used both for measuring phase currents or for
detecting the earth fault current.
They conform with the IEC 60044-1 Standards.

TPU 2500 A.

Toroidal current transformer. TPU 3150 A.

28
 1.12

Voltage transformers
The voltage transformers are of the type insulated in resin and
are used to supply measurement and protection devices. They
are available for fixed assembly or for installation on removable
and withdrawable trucks.
They conform with the IEC 60044-2 Standards.
Their dimensions are in accordance with the DIN 42600 Narrow
type Standard.
These transformers can have one or two poles, with perform-
ances and precision classes suited to the functional require-
ments of the instruments connected to them.
When they are installed on removable or withdrawable trucks
they are fitted with medium voltage protection fuses.
The withdrawable trucks also allow replacement of the fuses Single pole VTs - type TJC.
with the switchgear in service. Truck racking-out with the door
closed automatically operates closure of a metallic segregation
shutter between the live parts of the switchgear and the instru-
ment compartment.
Fixed voltage transformers can be installed directly on the main
busbar system in a dedicated compartment (busbar
applications).
The ABB range of voltage transformers is called TJC, TDC,TJP.

Double-pole VTs - type TDC.

VT truck with fuses. Single-pole VTs with fuse - type TJP.

29
 Measurement sensors

Introduction of digital technologies in electrical Characteristics of the sensors

measurement and protection instruments has • Linear response over the whole measurement
greatly changed the performances required of field.
transformers.
• Excellent frequency response.
The analogue input levels of the instruments have
been significantly reduced when compared with • No hysteresis phenomenon.
those of conventional systems. • High degree of immunity to electromagnetic
For this reason, ABB has introduced a new range disturbance.
of sensors which optimally covers the characteris- • A single instrument for protection and measure-
tics of the new generation instruments. ment devices.
The UniGear switchgear can be fitted with KEVCD • Cl.1 overall class of measurement (sensors and
type sensors up to 2500 A. multi-purpose unit).
Their dimensions are in accordance with the DIN • Any short-circuits or interruptions of the second-
42600 Narrow Type Standard, in the Medium size ary circuit do not cause any damage.
version.
• The output signal remains very low even in
The current and voltage sensors or just the current
primary fault situations.
sensor can be incorporated at the same time in
• Test terminal blocks are not required.
the same resin body.
The capacitive divider for connection to the • Connection between the sensor and the meas-
voltage signalling devices is also inserted. urement and protection instrument is made with
shielded cables and connectors.

Benefits provided by the sensors

• Improvement of installation selectivity.
• More efficient fault location.
• Perfecting of fault analysis.
• Simplification of engineering tasks.
• More rapid and less costly switchgear modifica-
tions and upgrading.
• Simple and safe maintenance operations.
• Reduction in faults in the measurement and
protection apparatus.
• Greater safety for operators thanks to the
absence of high induced currents or voltages in
the secondary circuit.
• Optimisation of maintenance programmes.
• Reduction in control and testing times.
• Reduction in the number of spare parts.

30
 1.13

Current sensor Voltage sensor

The current sensor consists of a Rogowski coil The voltage sensor consists of a resistive divider
without the ferromagnetic core. through which the signal is taken up.
The coil is formed by a uniform winding over a The resistive element consists of a bar made of
closed non-magnetic core of constant cross ceramic material.
section. The induced voltage in the secondary The output signal is a voltage directly proportional
circuit is directly proportional to the variation in the to the primary voltage. The multi-purpose device
let-through current. The multi-purpose devices reproduces the measurement by means of the
integrate the signal to obtain the current value. partition ratio.
They conform to the IEC 60044-8 Standards. They conform to the IEC 60044-7 Standards.

Rogowski coil Resistive divider

The output signal (Uout) is a voltage (150 mV at The output signal (Uout) is a voltage directly
50Hz and 180mV at 60Hz) proportional to the proportional to the primary voltage (Up). The
variation in the current time (Ip); the current partition ratio is 10000/1.
measurement is obtained by integrating the signal.

dip R2
Uout = M Uout = Up
dt R1 + R2

Characteristics of the current sensors Characteristics of the voltage sensors

• No saturation phenomenon. • No ferroresonance phenomenon.
• Precise measurement of the fault currents as • The divider is unaffected by the effects of the
well. direct components.
• The sensor winding can remain open even with • The sensor can remain connected even during
the switchgear in service. switchgear voltage tests at power frequency.
• Just two coils cover the range from 0 to 2500 A. • A single divider covers the range from 0 to 24
rated kV.

31
 Distribution and automation

Introduction Fast operation of the protection releases also

ABB protection philosophy minimizes post-fault load peaks, which together
with voltage dips increase the risk of the distur-
With deliveries of protection releases to more than bance spreading to healthy parts of the network.
70 countries, ABB fully understands the need for The sensitivity of the protection must be adequate
diverse protection philosophies as a result of local to detect relatively high resistance earth faults and
legislation, environmental requirements and short circuits in the most distant parts of the
engineering practice. The main purpose of a network.
release protection system is to recognize any Reliable selectivity is essential in order to limit the
abnormal power system conditions, or abnormally loss of power supply to as small an area as
operating system components. Based on the possible, and to allow the faulted part of the
information gathered, the protection system will network to be reliably discovered. Corrective
initiate corrective actions that return the system to actions can thus be directed to the faulty part of the
its normal operating state.Release protection does network, and the supply can be restored as rapidly
not prevent network faults from arising, but it is as possible.
activated only when something abnormal has The protection system must have a high degree of
occurred in the power system. However, careful reliability. This also means that if e.g. the circuit-
selection of protection functions and methods breaker fails to operate, the fault will be cleared by
improves the performanceand the reliability of the the back-up protection.
protection system, thus minimizing the effects of Substation automation (SA) puts the operator in
network faults and preventing the disturbance from perfect control of the substation. In addition, SA
spreading to the healthy parts of the network. system improves the power quality of the transmis-
sion and distribution network under normal opera-
Advantages of a complete protection tion, but especially in a situation of disturbance and
during substation maintenance. An SA system or
system
SCADA brings the full benefits of numerical
Operating speed, sensitivity, selectivity and reliabili- technology into protection and control of networks.
ty of the protection system need attention. The terminals are easily set and parameterized
There is a strong correlation between the operating through easy and safe access via the operator’s
speed of the protection system and the damage workplace.
and danger caused by a network fault.
Substation automation provides remote control and
monitoring capabilities, which speed up the location Single-function and multi-function terminals
of faults and the restoration of the power supply. Proper protection methods and comprehensive
functionality increase the performance of the
protection system. The definition of comprehensive
functionality varies with the requirements of the
protected network. While single-function
protection releases are sufficient for some network
applications, more complex networks need ad-
vanced multi-functional releases.
Single-function releases include a set of protection
functions for a specific feeder application type. The
main advantages of these releases are redundancy
and price. One or more single-function releases
provide sufficient protection in most application
areas. Multi-function terminals include a large
number of protection functions that meet the needs
of a lot of applications. In addition, they include
control, measurement, power quality monitoring
and condition monitoring functions.
The use of one single IED incorporating all these
functions increases system usability, reduces costs
and diminishes the need for wiring in the switch-
gear.
32
 1.14

Feeder protection These are just a few examples of the major

protection functions for feeders. More details can
General
be found in the technical documentation produced
The protection functions can be divided into two for the ABB protection releases.
major groups: (1) protection functions that trip
circuit breaker of the faulted feeder on short- Applications and features
circuit, earth fault, etc.; (2) protection functions
that monitor the operation of the feeder and the Depending on the requirements, a suitable IED
rest of the network i.e. voltage, frequency and type can be selected and configured in such a way
overload protection functions (alarming / tripping). that an overall solution can be found for different
The basic requirements of the protection system feeder types.
are adequate sensitivity and operation speed, Generally, the required protection functionality of
taking into account the minimum and maximum the above feeder types differs greatly between
fault currents occurring in the IED locations, each one depending on, for instance, the charac-
selectivity, inrush currents and the thermal and teristics of the fault current sources and the types
mechanical strength of the lines behind the of more advanced functions that may be
relaying point. In many cases, the above require- needed to fulfil the basic requirements of the
ments can be fulfilled with non-directional/direc- protection application.
tional current or impedance measuring functions A few examples will be given below to illustrate the
with multiple stages. The purpose of the over- and requirement level.
undervoltage protection system is to monitor the
voltage level of the network. If the voltage level Recommended products
deviates from the target value by more than the ABB supplies a wide range of feeder
permitted margin for a specific time period, the protection releases and terminals to
voltage protection system limits the duration of the fulfil the requirements of each different
abnormal condition and the stresses caused. application. For an application with standard
To prevent major outages due to frequency requirements and a basic need for additional
disturbances, the substations are usually features, the REF 610, REX 521 units are excel-
equipped with underfrequency protection releases, lent choices. For applications with higher function-
which in turn control various load-shedding ality requirements, the REF 54_ multifunction
schemes. terminals should be selected.

1) Optional arc protection 1) Optional Intermittent E/F protection

Fig. 1 Comparison between standard Fig. 2 Typical standard feeder Fig. 3 Typical high requirement feeder
and high requirement
feeders
33
 Distribution and automation

Transformer protection Applications and features

General ABB divides transformer applications into standard
The power transformer is an important component transformer protection applications and high
and one of the most valuable discrete units in the requirement transformer applications. The core
power distribution network. High availability of the functionality levels are as follows:
power transformer is therefore of particular impor-
tance for preventing disturbances in the power Basic requirement (Typically <1MVA)
distribution system. Although high-quality power • Sudden pressure (Buchholz) –relay
transformers are very reliable, insulation break- • Residual current protection
down faults sometimes occur. These faults - • Overcurrent protection
appearing as short-circuits and/or earth faults - • Earth fault protection
generally cause severe damage to the windings • Overload protection
and transformer core. The damage is proportional
• Imbalance protection
to the fault clearing time so the power transformer
must be disconnected as quickly as possible. The • Oil level monitor
power transformer has to be transported to a
workshop for repair, which is a very time-consum- High requirement (Typically >5MVA)
ing procedure. The operation of a power network • Sudden pressure (Buchholz) –relay
where the power transformer is out of service is • Residual current protection
always cumbersome. Therefore, a power transform- • Overcurrent protection
er fault often constitutes a more severe power
• Restricted earth fault (REF) protection
system fault than a line fault, which can usually be
• Overload protection
rectified fairly quickly. It is extremely important for
fast and reliable protection releases to be used to • Imbalance protection
detect transformer faults and initiate tripping. • Over/Undervoltage protection
The size, voltage level and importance of the power • Over/underfrequency protection
transformer determine the quantity and choice of • Oil level monitor
monitoring and protection devices to be used to limit
the damage at a possible fault. When compared to Recommended products
the total cost of the power transformer and the costs The RET 541/543/545 Transformer
caused by a power transformer fault, the cost of the Terminals are designed for compre-
protection system is negligible. hensive protection, control,
meas urement and
supervision of two-
winding power trans-
formers and power
generator-transformer
blocks in utility distribu-
tion networks. It is
suitable for application
where on-load tap-
changer control is
required.
Functionality for
standard transformer
protection is provided in
the REF542plus
terminal.

Fig. 4 Typical standard transformer protection. Fig. 5 Typical high requirement transformer protection.

34
 1.14

Motor protection Improper use of running motors does not neces-

sarily break the equipment but shortens its
General
lifetime.
Motor protection is generally expected to provide Therefore, a reliable and versatile motor protection
overcurrent, imbalance, earth-fault and short- system not only protects the motor but also
circuit protection. However, the fundamental issue prolongs its life-cycle, which contributes to improv-
for motors is thermal protection, as overheating is ing the return on motor drive investments.
the worst threat for the motor.
Motors need to be protected not only against Applications and features
electrical faults but also against any improper way
of running them. ABB solutions focus on advanced Thanks to comprehensive communication proto-
thermal protection that prevents improper use of cols, including the widely-used industrial protocols,
the motors. The thermal overload such as Modbus RTU/ASCII and Profibus DP, ABB
protection is needed to protect the motor against motor protection releases and terminals can be
both short-time and long-time overload and so it is easily integrated into various control systems.
of great importance for the performance of the
motor. Overload conditions of short duration
mainly occur during motor start-up.
There are four crucial elements in thermal motor
protection. (1) The thermal overload protection is Recommended products
the most important protection function of the motor The REM 610 is designed for
as it monitors the thermal load and memorizes the protection of standard medium and
related events. (2) A cumulative start-up time large MV asynchronous motors in a
counter supporting the overload protection limits wide range of motor applications.
the number of consecutive cold starts. (3) The The typical size of protected motors ranges from
thermal stress during any single start-up condition 500 kW to 2 MW.
is monitored by the start-up supervision function, The REX 521 and REF542plus are suitable, when
which protects the motor against locked rotor there is a need to have functionality control in
situations and too long start-up times. (4) The addition to motor protection.
fourth element in thermal motor protection is The REM 543/545 machine protection terminals
thermal protection based on RTD (Resistance provide high-end protection, including residual
Temperature Detector) sensors. As RTD sensors current protection, for all sizes of asynchronous or
directly measure the temperature of the stator synchronous motors.

Fig. 6 Typical standard motor protection. Fig. 7 Typical high requirement motor protection.

35
 Distribution and automation

Communication SPA
The SPA protocol supported by all ABB releases
enables a wide range of distribution and automa-
tion functions. The information content that can be
transferred is similar to that of IEC 61850. For many
years, the SPA protocol has been the backbone
communication protocol for ABB releases and is a
well-proven serial bus. To ensure EMI immunity the
SPA protocol is run over an fibre optic network.

LON
The LON protocol is a fast bus-based protocol
featuring both vertical (to a master system) and
horizontal communication. When horizontal com-
munication is used, IEDs are able to exchange,
such as interlocking information, over the communi-
cation bus. This reduces the need for hard wiring
between devices, thus saving costs. The LON bus
runs at a substantially higher speed than the serial
buses. ABB has defined extensions to the basic
LON protocol, enabling any information appearing
in distribution and automation to be efficiently and
securely transferred. To ensure immunity to EMI
General disturbances, the LON bus runs over optical fibres.
In the complex world of communication, ABB has
made a great effort to find communication buses IEC 60 870-5-103
and protocols that fulfil the requirements of a IEC 60 870-5-103 is a standard protocol designed
secure and efficient data flow. In addition to the exclusively for communication between protection
recently introduced IEC 61850 protocol, ABB uses IEDs and a master system. Allowing IEDs of
LON and SPA communication buses for communi- different vendors to be connected to a common
cation between releases. In addition to these, master system, it is widely supported in distribution
protocols such as IEC 60 870-5-103, Modbus, and automation. The range of information that can
Profibus and DNP 3.0 and OPC interface are be transmitted with the IEC 60 870-5-103 protocol
available. Depending on the application area, is smaller than the information range available
different protocols are used according to industry through the LON, SPA and IEC 61850 protocols.
de-facto standards.
DNP V3.0
Utility Applications The DNP protocol based on the IEC 60 870
IEC 61850 standard family was originally developed by a
single vendor, but has now evolved into an open
IEC 61850 is a flexible, future-proof standard that
standard controlled by a user group. It is designed
copes with changing requirements, philosophies
for local communication within a substation,
and technologies. The function of the IEC 61850
between a protection IED and an RTU (which
standard is to ensure essential features, such as
forwards information to a remote SCADA system).
interoperability between devices of different
Furthermore, protection IEDs can be connected
suppliers, free allocation of functions, adaptability
directly to a remote system using this protocol. The
to fast changing communication technology and
DNP has a multitude of options enabling it to be
facility of engineering and maintenance. This
optimized for different types of applications and
means that the long-term stability of the standard
communication environments (it can, for instance,
safeguards investments of utilities. From the
be optimized to run over a slow communication
beginning, ABB has taken a leading position in
link).
elaborating the corresponding standard in the field
of substation automation.

36
 1.14

Industrial Applications can be made available in different ways through

Profibus DP V1 an OPC interface. One option is to use the SPA/
OPC or LON/OPC servers, which collect data
Profibus is a major de-facto standard for connec- from protection IEDs using LON or SPA and make
tivity to industrial systems. All ABB releases can the data available in the OPC environment.
be connected to Profibus master systems using Another option is to connect the protection IEDs
the SPA-ZC 302 SPA/Profibus converter. The SPA- to the COM 610 gateway. All data in the COM 610
ZC 302 supports the Profibus DP V1 protocol and can be made available to an OPC client. OPC is
can handle up to 16 SPA devices. The speed of usually used when the data from protection IEDs
the Profibus is comparable with that of LON and is is to be transmitted directly to a control system (as
substantially higher than the speed of the serial opposed to Profibus and Modbus that usually
protocols. To ensure EMI immunity, Profibus runs supply data to a controller or a PLC) PC or over a
over a double-shielded twisted pair cable. LAN/WAN computer network (in the latter case
Profibus is generally used when protection IED using DCOM as the intermediate protocol).
information is to be transmitted to a controller or
PLC.

Modbus
The Modbus protocol was first introduced by
Modicon Inc. and is a widely accepted communi-
cation standard for industrial controllers and PLCs.
It is a serial protocol designed for transfer of
binary and numeric data in a generic
format. The Modbus as such does not recognize
the data model of a distribution and automation
application (as the IEC 61850 does). The model-
ling is done in the application of the Modbus
master system. Modbus typically uses a twisted
pair RS-485 bus network as the transmission
medium.

OPC
OPC is commonly used to
interconnect systems in
industrial automation applica-
tions. A system exchanging
data using OPC consists of an
OPC Server (which provides
data and services) and an
OPC Client (which receives
data from and uses the
services of the OPC server).
The OPC server and the OPC
client are both software
components running on PCs.
The interaction between an
OPC Server and an OPC
Client can take place either
locally in a PC or over a LAN/
WAN computer network (in the
latter case using DCOM as the
intermediate protocol). Data
from protection IEDs

37
 Distribution and automation

Arc protection Furthermore, on cable compartment faults, auto-

General reclosures can be eliminated by using arc protec-
tion.
An electric arc short-circuit in a switchgear
installation is normally caused by a foreign object
entering the unit or a component failure. The arc
causes an explosion-like heat and pressure effect
usually causing vast damage to the switchgear
and the operation personnel. An adequate arc
protection system protects the substation against
arc faults by minimizing the burning time of the
arc, thus preventing excessive heat and damage.
It minimizes material damage and allows power
distribution to be smoothly and safely restored.
The system can also bring cost benefits even
before an arc fault occurs. As older switchgear is
more prone to arc faults, an arc protection system
will effectively extend the life of the switchgear and
make more of investments. But what is even more
important, this technology can help save lives. Fig. 8 Typical setup with REA 101 and subunits 103
Applications and features
Sources of arcing may be
insulation faults, malfunction-
ing devices, defective bus or
cable joints, overvoltage,
corrosion, pollution, moisture,
ferroresonance (instrument
transformers) and even
ageing due to electrical
stress. Most of these arc fault
sources could be prevented
by sufficient maintenance.
However, in spite of the
precautions taken, human
errors can lead to arc faults.
Time is critical when it comes
to detecting and minimizing
the effects of an electric arc.
An arc fault lasting 500 ms
may cause severe damage to the installation. Recommended products
If the burning time of the arc is less than 100 ms
The REA 101 arc protection system with its REA
the damage is often smaller, but if the arc is
103, REA 105 and REA 107 extension units, are
extinguished in less than 35 ms its effect is almost
designed to be used for protection of medium and
negligible. Generally, protection releases applied
low-voltage air-insulated switchgear.
are not fast enough to ensure safe fault clearance
The REA 101 central unit type operates independ-
times at arc faults. The operation time of the
ently or together with other REA 101 units.
overcurrent release controlling the incoming
REA is the fastest arc protection system on the
circuit-breaker may, for instance, have to be
market, providing tripping times down to 2.5 ms.
delayed by hundreds of milliseconds for selectivity
REA is equipped with a fast integrated overcur-
reasons. This delay can be avoided by installing an
rent-sensing element and therefore works inde-
arc protection system.
pendently of other feeder protection units. The
The total fault clearance time can be reduced to a
REF 610 feeder protection release includes an
max of 2.5 ms plus the circuit breaker contact
optional arc protection function for the feeder
travel time.
compartment.

38
 1.14

Selection guide

REF 54_ REF 610 REX 521 RET 54_ REM 54_ REM 610 REA 10_
Application
Feeder application ■ ■
High requirement feeder application ■ ■
Transformer application ■ ■
High requirement transformer application ■
Motor protection ■ ■ ■ ■
High requirement motor application ■
Generator & synchronous motor ■
Distance protection ■
Arc protection for feeder cubicle ■ ■
Arc protection system

Communication
IEC 60870-5-103 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
IEC 61850 ■* ■* ■* ■* ■* ■*
DNP 3.0 ■ ■ ■ ■
SPA ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
LON ■ ■* ■ ■ ■ ■*
Modbus ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Profibus ■* ■* ■* ■* ■* ■*

Additional functions
Fault locator ■
Web interface ■
CAN interface ■
On load tap changer control ■
Disturbance recording ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Withdrawable release mechanics ■ ■
Condition monitoring ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Single line diagram HMI** ■ ■ ■
Remote control ■ ■ ■ ■
Power quality monitoring ■ ■
Sensor inputs ■ ■ ■ ■
Auto re-closure 5 shots 3 shots 5 shots
RTD*** inputs 8 8 8 6
* With interface adapter
** HMI - Human Machine Interface
*** RTD - Resistive Temperature Detector

39
 Automatic transfer systems

Automatic transfer systems are used to ensure ATS

maximum service continuity, supplying the power The REF542plus unit can be used in medium
users uninterruptedly. voltage switchgear to manage automatic and
All this is possible using various systems based on manual transfer between two different incoming
different kinds of techniques. feeders.
The most common of these are given below, with The time needed for automatic transfer carried out
the relevant average transfer times: by means of the REF542plus unit is between 200
• Delayed: 1500 ms and 300 milliseconds (including the circuit-
• Depending on the residual breaker operating times). This time can vary within
voltage: 400-1200 ms the range indicated in relation to the
• Synchronised (ATS): 200-500 ms complexity of the software transfer logics.
Switchgear equipped with REF542plus, suitably
• High speed (HSTS): 30-120 ms programmed, are complete and efficient systems
able to manage transfer between one power
The first two systems are the simplest and can supply system and an alternative one, or to
also be made with conventional logics and instru- reconfigure the network, passing from double
ments. They guarantee average transfer times and radial distribution to a simple system, in a fully
can therefore be used in installations where automatic way.
voltage gaps are not particularly critical. It is also possible to carry out the same operation
On the other hand, the other two systems (ATS – manually from a remote control station, or from the
Automatic Transfer System and HSTS – High front of the switchgear with supervision of the user
Speed Transfer System) require microprocessor- personnel.
based apparatus with high technological content. Manual transfer means making the passage
They guarantee fast transfer times and their parallel: by means of the synchronism control
application is in plants where the process is function (synchro-check – code 25) implemented
particularly critical. Transfers which are not from the REF542plus, the power supply lines are
extremely fast would cause serious malfunctions closed simultaneously with synchronisation of the
or stoppage of the process itself. voltage vectors to then return to being disconnect-
ABB is able to offer all the transfer systems, from ed when transfer has taken place. The applications
the simplest to the most complex. described do not require additional instruments.

Single-line diagram of
UniGear switchgear with
REF542 plus architecture
applied, suitable for carrying
out automatic and manual
transfer (ATS), as well as the
switchgear protections and
measurements.

40
 1.15

HSTS
The HSTS System (High Speed Transfer System) is the ideal solution for critical industrial processes
where the lack of electric power even for just one or two cycles can cause stoppage of the production
process and considerable damage to equipment.
This system, which is fully integrated in the switchgear, is able to transfer distribution of power from the
main switchgear unit to an alternative emergency supply in a few milliseconds. This avoids long and
costly machine stoppages, damage to production equipment, and dead production restarting times.
The HSTS SUE 3000 system makes it possible to obtain transfer times equal to 100 ms with the use of
all conventional circuit-breakers and 30 ms with VM1 circuit-breakers equipped with a magnetic actuator
in the high speed version and up to 1250 A.

HSTS system in the configu-

Unit 1 Unit 2 ration with two circuit-break-
ers without bus-tie: when the
lack of voltage in the main
power supply unit of the
switchgear is detected, the
closing command of the re-
serve unit and the opening
command of the main unit
are launched simultane-
ously.

N.O. N.C.

HSTS system in the configu-

Unit 1 Unit 2 ration with three circuit-
breakers with bus-tie: when
the lack of voltage in one of
the two power supply units
is detected, the closing com-
mand of the bus-tie and the
opening command for the
switchgear unit without volt-
age are launched simultane-
ously.

N.C. N.C.

N.O.

41
 Typical units and technical data

Single-line diagram of typical units

Withdrawable
Removable

IF - Incoming/outgoing BT - Bus-tie R - Riser RM - Riser with measure-

feeder ments
Withdrawable

Withdrawable
Removable

M - Measurements IFD - Direct incoming/ IFDM - Direct incoming/ DF - Switch-disconnector

outgoing feeder outgoing feeder unit
with measurements

42
 1.16

Single-line diagram of the busbar applications

Current transformers Voltage transformers Duct entry Earthing switch

Graphical symbols

Circuit-breaker Contactor Switch- Switch Isolating bar Socket and plug

disconnector

Voltage Current Fuse Earth Cable entry Busbar entry

transformers transformers

Key to components

Standard components
Accessories
Alternative solutions

43
 Typical units and technical data

... 12 kV - ... 31.5 kA

Depth (mm) 1340 1340 1340
Height (mm) 2100/2200/2595 (1) 2100/2200/2595 (1) 2100/2200/2595 (1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2675 2675 2675
Width (mm) 650 800 1000
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 630 1250 1600 2000 2500
IF Incoming/outgoing (3) (2) (2)
BT Bus-tie
R Riser
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct incoming/outgoing
IFDM Direct incoming/outgoing with measurement
DF Switch-disconnector unit (4)

... 12 kV - ... 50 kA
Depth (mm) 1340 1390 1340 1390
Height (mm) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2675 2675 2675 2675
Width (mm) 800 800 1000 1000
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000
IF Incoming/outgoing 40kA (2) (2)
BT Bus-tie 40kA
R Riser
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct incoming/outgoing
IFDM Direct incoming/outgoing with measurement

... 17.5 kV - ... 31.5 kA

Depth (mm) 1340 1340 1340
Height (mm) 2100/2200/2595 (1) 2100/2200/2595 (1) 2100/2200/2595 (1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2675 2675 2675
Width (mm) 650 800 1000
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 630 1250 1600 2000 2500
IF Incoming/outgoing (2) (2)
BT Bus-tie
R Riser
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct incoming/outgoing
IFDM Direct incoming/outgoing with measurement
DF Switch-disconnector unit (4)

... 17.5 kV - ... 40 kA

Depth (mm) 1340 1390 1340 1390
Height (mm) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1) 2100/2200/2595(1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2675 2675 2675 2675
Width (mm) 800 800 1000 1000
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000
IF Incoming/outgoing (2) (2)
BT Bus-tie
R Riser
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct incoming/outgoing
IFDM Direct incoming/outgoing with measurement

44
 1.16

... 24 kV - ... 25 kA
Depth (mm) 1560 1560
Height (mm) 2200/2325/2720 (1) 2200/2325/2720 (1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2775 2775
Width (mm) 800 1000
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 630 1250 1600 2000 2500
IF Incoming/outgoing (2) (2)
BT Bus-tie (2)
R Riser
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct incoming/outgoing
IFDM Direct incoming/outgoing with measurement
DF Switch-disconnector unit (4)

Notes
(1) The height of the unit is a function of the height of the instrument compartment, available in the 580, 705 and 1100
mm versions. The instrument compartment of the unit from 3150A to 4000A is only available in the 705 and 1100
mm versions.
(2) Version only available with vacuum circuit-breakers.
(3) For the characteristics of the unit equipped with contactor refer to pages 20-21.
(4) For the characteristics of the unit equipped with switch-disconnector refer to pages 24-25.

E E
Height with gas exhaust duct

D B D
Height (1)

A A

Unit compartments
C C A Apparatus
B Main busbars
C Feeder
D Instruments
Width Depth E Gas exhaust duct

45
46
 2
UniGear 550

Page Chap.

Description 48 2.1

Characteristics 50 2.2

Typical units and technical data 52 2.3

47
 Description

The latest item in the large family of UniGear

products is the panel called UniGear 550 which
mirrors all the construction characteristics of the
standard panel.
UniGear 550 is available up to a maximum panel
current of 1250A: The circuit-breaker designated
for this product is called Vmax/L.
The peculiarity of this panel is its size. In fact, it
only measures 550 mm in width which makes it a
very compact and versatile product.
It has been built so that it can be connected
directly to the standard panel. In fact, it has the
same overall dimensions (height and depth) and
the same omnibus busbars up to a maximum
current value of 4000A.
For this panel, too, positioning against the wall is
possible. In fact, all the putting into service and
maintenance operations can be carried out directly
from the front.
Accessing the cable area is particularly convenient
by easily removing the base of the circuit-breaker
compartment. In this way, accessibility is in-
creased.
As a standard solution, it is possible to connect up
to three single-pole cables per phase (maximum
cross-section of 185 mm²), or two cables per
phase (maximum cross-section of 300 mm²).

The connection height of the cables in relation to

the floor is 600 mm.

UniGear 550 uses toroidal transformers as the

standard solution, which are fixed onto a “CT Rod”.
As an optional solution, the transformers can be
inserted on a DIN rail.
The panel has been built to be able to insert the
fixed voltage transformers, positioned on the front
of the panel itself. The capacitive signal for indicat-
ing voltage present is connected directly to the
insulators which support the busbars on the cable
side. The surge arresters can also be inserted in
the cable area.

The UniGear 550 switchgear is fitted with all the

interlocks and accessories needed to guarantee
top level safety and reliability for the installation and
for the operators.

UniGear 550 has undergone all the tests required

by the International Standards (IEC) and local
standards (for example the GB, Chinese and
Russian GOST standards).

48
 2.1

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 12 12 17,5

Rated insulation voltage kV 12 12 17,5
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1m 28 38 38
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 75 95 95
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60
Rated short time withstand current kA 3s 31.5 31.5 31.5
Peak current kA 80 80 80
Internal arc withstand current kA 1s 31.5 31.5 31.5
Main busbar rated current (1) A 630…4000 630…4000 630…4000
Branch connection rated current A 630 - 1250 630 - 1250 630 - 1250

(1) Up to 4000A if coupled with other UniGear units.

Apart from this, UniGear 550 is completing the

series of certifications required by the regulations
of the major shipping registers (LR, DNV, RINA,
BV and GL) for use of the switchgear in marine
installations.
In accordance with the IEC 62271-200 Standard,
UniGear 550 is defined as follows:
– PM (Partition metallic): i.e. it is provided with
metallic shutters and partitions between the
operating parts and an open compartment.
– LSC2B (Loss of service continuity): service of
the main busbar and of the cable compartment
is guaranteed when a normal maintenance
operation is to be carried out in one of the
compartments of the main circuit (e.g. circuit-
breaker compartment).
– IAC AFLR (Internal arc classified): UniGear 550
is classified as IAC AFLR, i.e. it is accessible
from the front, side and rear having respected
the five criteria during the internal arc tests.

49
 Characteristics

These units are designed to be equipped with the Their use is required in the case of a great need
following instruments: for just a few units, such as fiscal metering on
– Ring core type current transformer (standard). incoming feeders (Class 0.2), residual current
– Block type current transformer (optional). protection on transformer feeders, etc.
– Bushing type current transformer (optional). The use of block type current transformers will in
any case allow application of ring core type
current transformers on cables.
Ring core type of current transformer
Thanks to the new digital protection and measur-
ing instruments, the use of low power measuring
instruments can easily be extended to primary
distribution switchgear as well.
These current transformers are arranged on a
support inside the switchgear (CT rod) and above
the cable terminals to be unaffected by the
following choices: number of cables, cross section
and type of terminations.
These CT rods are designed to be equipped with
a maximum of two current transformers per phase
(metering and protection) and with the following
dimensional requirements:
– minimum internal diameter: 30 mm;
– maximum external diameter: 190 mm;
– maximum height: 80 mm.

Block type current transformer.

Bushing type current transformer

In a large part of the market, and especially in
those strongly affected by BS concepts, there is
widespread use of the bushing type current
transformers.

Ring core type current transformer.

Block type current transformer

As an alternative to the above specified current
measuring instruments, application of a set per
phase of block type current transformers, current
sensors and combi-sensors is possible with a
dedicated design. Bushing type current transformer.

50
 2.2

ST1-UG Earthing Switch The switch has been tested at two closing opera-
The 550 panel is equipped with ST1-UG type tions at 100% of the rated short-circuit making
earthing switch. This device is a patented switch current. The device is provided with auxiliary
with rectilinear movement. switches for signalling the open and closed
It is fitted with a snap action operating mechanism positions, operated by the rod mechanism.
for positive high speed closing and is sized to
conduct the rated short circuit making current The following are available on request:
when close to underload. – Locking magnet
The speed of the snap action closing operation is – Key locks for open and closed positions
independent of controls. – Padlock.
The switch is equipped with an earthing blade
which connects the three phases via the earthing
pins placed on the copper bars of the cable
connecting system.
The earthing bar is electrically connected to earth
by a stranded copper conductor.
The snap action closing mechanism of the earth-
ing switch functions independently of the rotation
of the drive shaft.
The switching speed and torque achieved are
independent of the action of the operating mecha-
nism.
On the other hand, in the opening process, the
toggle springs have no effect on the speed of
contact separation.
A manual operating lever is provided for operation
of the switch.

51
 Typical units and technical data

Single-line diagram of the typical units

Removable
Removable

IF - Incoming / Outgoing feeder BT - Bus-tie R - Bus Riser RM - Bus Riser with

measurements

Withdrawable
Removable

Removable

M - Measurements IFD - Direct Incoming / IFDM - Direct Incoming /

Outgoing Outgoing with
measurement

52
 2.3

Unit width 550mm

12-17.5 kV
Rated current [A] – 630 1250
IF Incoming / Outgoing feeder
IFM Incoming / Outgoing with measurements
BT Bus Tie
R Bus Riser
RM Bus Riser with measurements
M Measurements
IFD Direct Incoming / Outgoing
IFDM Direct Incoming / Outgoing with measurement
DF Switch-disconnector unit

– Depth (mm): 1340

– Height (mm): 2200 - (1) 2595 with higher instrument compartment)
– Height with gas exhaust duct (mm): 2675
Height with gas exhaust duct
Height (1)

Unit compartments
A Apparatus
B Busbar
C Feeder
D Instruments
E Gas exhaust duct

Width Depth

53
54
 3
Double Level UniGear

Page Chap.

Description 56 3.1

Characteristics 58 3.2

Typical units and technical data 60 3.3

55
 Description

UniGear is a single busbar system Its use is recommended in installa-

switchgear in the double-level tions with a high number of feeders,
configuration. Each panel consists of fitted with either circuit-breakers or
two completely independent super- contactors. It can be used as a motor
imposed units and is functionally control center for applications up to
identical to two single-level units 12 kV.
placed side by side. All the electrical characteristics of the
Thanks to the numerous typical units double and single-level units are
available, the switchgear can be identical. The overall rated current of
suitably configured to satisfy all the busbar system is given by the
installation requirements. sum of the currents of the two top
Each unit can be equipped with and bottom half-busbars. The double-
circuit-breakers or contactors, as well level units can be
as with all the accessories available coupled directly to single-level units,
for conventional switchgear units. All with the possibility of extension at
the significant components are both ends of the switchgear.
identical to those used for the single- The switchgear requires access from
level units and therefore the same the rear for the installation and
service and maintenance procedures maintenance procedures, whilst all
are guaranteed. the service operations are carried
The double-level UniGear switchgear out from the front.
mainly stands out for its efficient use The double-level UniGear switchgear
of space. All the configurations allow can be used in two typical configura-
a drastic reduction in the space tions:
occupied, with special regard to the • Complete with double-level.
width of the switchgear (30...40% in • Compound with simple and
typical configurations). double-level.

630A 630A

IF IF IF RM BT RM IF IF IF

1250A

630A 630A

IF IF IF IF IF IF IF IF IF

1250A 1250A

Complete double-level con-

figuration.

56
 3.1

The complete solution only uses Electrical characteristics

double-level panels to realise all the
typical units: incoming feeders, bus- Rated voltage kV 7.2 12 17.5
tie, riser, busbar measurement and Rated insulation voltage kV 7.2 12 17.5
outgoing units.
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1min. 20 28 38
The compound one, on the other
hand, uses both the simple and Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 60 75 95
double-level solution: the former for Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60
the incoming feeders, bus-tie and Rated short-time withstand current kA 3s …50 …50 …40
riser compartments, the latter for the
Peak current kA …125 …125 …100
busbar measurement and outgoing
units. Internal arc withstand current kA 1s …40 …40 …40
The complete double-level solution kA 0.5s …50 …50 -
achieves the maximum objective of Main busbar rated current A …1600 …1600 …1600
reducing dimensions and can be Branch connection rated current A 630 630 630
used for relatively limited rated
1000 1000 1000
currents (1600 A maximum current of
the incoming feeders). It is normally 1250 1250 1250
used to make local distribution 1600 1600 1600
switchgear, with a limited number of
outgoing feeders.
The field of application of the
compound solution is, on the other
hand, for main distribution switch-
gear, with high rated currents
(3150 A maximum current of the
incoming feeders) and numerous
outgoing feeders.

Compound configuration
with simple and double level.

57
 Characteristics

Compartments The characteristics of the busbar system, branch

Each panel consists of two superimposed units [1st connections, earthing busbar, earthing switch,
level and 2nd level] and each unit is therefore made insulator bushings and shutters are the same as
up of three independent power compartments: those for the single-level units. A maximum of six
apparatus [A], busbar [B] and feeder [C]. single or three-core cables per phase can be
There is metallic segregation between all the used depending on the rated voltage, on the unit
compartments. dimensions and on the cross-section of the cables.
In its middle part, the panel is fitted with a com-
partment to take the auxiliary instruments of both
the units [D]. This solution means the machine- Configurations
user interfacing apparatus is at a convenient The typical units available allow the most suitable
height. In the top part of the panel, an additional configurations for the installation requirements.
compartment is available to house any further The incoming/outgoing feeder panel [IF] is the one
instruments provided [d]. most widely used: both switchgear levels consist
The arc-proof switchgear is normally fitted with a of units of this type and can be used both as
duct for evacuation of the gases produced by an incoming and outgoing feeders.
arc [E]. Each compartment of the unit placed on The bus-tie [BT] and riser [R] units are used to
the 2nd level is fitted with a flap on the top of it. The make complete double-level switchgear. These
pressure generated by the fault makes this open, units are positioned on the 2nd level, whereas the
allowing the gas to pass into the duct. incoming/outgoing feeder units are included in the
The gases produced by faults generated in the 1st level. The bus-tie units can be fitted with
power compartments of the unit placed on the 1st current transformers on the load side of the circuit-
level are evacuated towards the main duct by breaker for busbar measurement. Installation of
means of a dedicated duct placed laterally to the the current transformers on the supply side is also
switchgear [e]. Each compartment of the unit possible to realise special protection schemes.
placed on the 1st level is fitted with a flap posi- The riser compartment is also available in the
tioned on the side of the switchgear. The pressure version with withdrawable instrument truck with
generated by the fault makes this open, allowing voltage transformers with fuses [RM].
the gas to pass into the duct. This solution means The compound configuration with simple and
the units placed on the 2nd level are not double-level requires connection between the two
involved in the effects of the fault. pieces of switchgear by means of the connection
The apparatus compartments are accessible from unit. This unit makes all the connections between
the front. Door closing of these compartments is the two types of switchgear (busbars, earthing
available in two versions, with screws or central busbar, gas exhaust duct, ducts for connection of
handle. Removal of the apparatus from the the auxiliary circuits) and can integrate the
switchgear (circuit-breakers, contactors and earthing switch of the busbars [J] and also the
measurement truck) placed on the two levels and withdrawable instrument truck with voltage trans-
from its relative compartments takes place by formers with fuses [JM]. These units are posi-
means of a single dedicated fork-lift truck. This tioned on the 2nd level, whereas the incoming/
truck can also be used for the same procedures outgoing feeder units are included on the first
for the single level units. level.
The busbar and cable compartments are accessi-
ble from the rear of the switchgear by means of
removable panels.
All the normal service operations are carried out
from the front, whereas maintenance and start-up
operations also require access from the rear of the
switchgear.
The fact that the switchgear is clearly identified as
belonging to the two superimposed units, makes it
impossible to carry out incorrect operations.

58
 3.2

2
3

2° Level 4

1° Level 4

2
3

1 Door of the apparatus compartment

2 Racking-in/racking-out operation
3 Earthing switch operation
4 Control unit

59
 Typical units and technical data

Single-line diagram of typical units

IF BT R RM J JM
Incoming/outgoing Bus-tie Riser Riser with Connection unit Connection unit with
feeder measurements measurements
2° Level

Withdrawable

Withdrawable
1° Level

IF IF IF IF IF IF
Incoming/outgoing Incoming/outgoing Incoming/outgoing Incoming/outgoing Incoming/outgoing Incoming/outgoing
feeder feeder feeder feeder feeder feeder

Key to components

Standard components
Accessories
Alternative solutions

60
 3.3

... 12 kV - ... 50 kA ... 17.5 kV - ... 40 kA

Depth (mm) 1976 Depth (mm) 1976
Height (mm) 2698 (1) Height (mm) 2698 (1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2698 (1) Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2698 (1)
Width (mm) 750 750 900 900 Width (mm) 750 750 900 900
Rated short-time current (kA) ... 31.5 .. 31.5 ... 50 ... 50 Rated short-time current (kA) ... 31.5 .. 31.5 ... 40 ... 40
Rated current (A) 630 1000 1250 1600 Rated current (A) 630 1000 1250 1600
2nd IF Incoming/outgoing (2) 2nd IF Incoming/outgoing
1st IF Incoming/outgoing (2) 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

2nd BT Bus-tie 2nd BT Bus-tie

1st IF Incoming/outgoing 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

2nd R Riser 2nd R Riser

1st IF Incoming/outgoing 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

2nd RM Riser with measurements 2nd RM Riser with measurements

1st IF Incoming/outgoing 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

2nd J Connection 1250A 2nd J Connection 1250A

1st IF Incoming/outgoing (2) 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

2nd JM Connection with measurements 1250A 2nd JM Connection with measurements 1250A
1st IF Incoming/outgoing (2) 1st IF Incoming/outgoing

Notes
(1) The height of the switchboard in the compound configuration with simple and double-level is the same as that of the double-level unit.
(2) For the characteristics of these units equipped with contactor refer to page 22.

d d
B2 E

A2
C2 A2
Height

D e B1 D

A1 C1 A1
Unit compartments
A Apparatus
B Main busbars
C Feeder
D Instruments
Width Depth E Gas exhaust duct

61
62
 4
Double Busbar System UniGear

Page Chap.

Description 64 4.1

Characteristics 66 4.2

Typical units 68 4.3

Technical data 70 4.4

63
 Description

Most switchgear used in installations with normal

service conditions is based on single busbar
systems.
When compared with double busbar switchgear,
single busbar switchgear is definitively easier to
operate and maintain, requires less space and the
total cost of the installation is lower (equipment,
site procedures, maintenance, square metres,
etc.).

The use of double busbar switchgear may be

necessary when some of the following features
are required:
– Operation of incoming feeders with non-syn-
chronised circuit breakers.
– Load shedding of outgoing feeders with a
different level of importance during emergency
conditions.
– Isolation of particular outgoing feeders from the
normal network.
– Outgoing feeders balancing on two busbar Both the schemes provide full busbar system
systems during normal service. redundancy (physical isolation between source
– Flexibility during inspection and maintenance busbar systems) and allow uninterrupted and
procedures without load interruption. reliable service conditions.
– Extension without switchgear shutdown.
The first solution has two main advantages
The double busbars systems are based on two compared with the second one:
different schemes: – Free access to one busbar system during
– Two busbars systems, two line disconnectors maintenance operations while the other is in
and one circuit breaker (pure double busbars service.
system). – Fast switching between the two busbar systems
– Two busbars systems, two circuit breakers during emergency situations thanks to the use
compartments with one or two circuit breakers of line disconnectors.
(duplex system).

Single Busbar Section.

64
 4.1

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 12 17.5 24

Rated insulation voltage kV 12 17.5 24
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1min. 28 38 50
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 75 95 125
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60 50-60
Rated short time withstand current kA 3s ...31.5 ...31.5 ...25
Peak current kA ...80 ...80 ...63
Internal arc withstand current kA 1s …31.5 …31.5 …25
Main busbars rated current A 1250...4000 1250...4000 1250...2500
Branch connection rated current A 630...3150 630...3150 630...2000
Branch connection rated current with forced ventilation A 3600...4000 3600...4000 –

The second solution has two main advantages Each unit can be equipped with circuit-breakers or
compared with the first one: contactors, as well as with all the accessories
– Incoming feeders and very important outgoing available for conventional switchgear units.
feeders can be equipped with two circuit- All the significant components are identical to
breakers in order to allow apparatus redundancy those used for the single level and double level
as well. units and therefore the same service and mainte-
nance procedures are guaranteed.
– Circuit-breaker maintenance and testing without
The units can be arranged as required by the
feeder shutdown.
installation requirements, but, according to the
– Fewer number of components and less switching technical literature, the switchgear must be
apparatus. configurable as per the following two schemes:
Thanks to the numerous typical units available, the – Single busbar section
switchgear can be suitably configured to satisfy all – Double busbar section
installation requirements.

Double Busbar Section.

65
 Characteristics

Compartments
Each panel is made up of four independent power
compartments: apparatus (A), busbar 1 (B1),
busbar 2 (B2) and feeder (C). There is a metallic
segregation between all the compartments.
In its front/top part the panel is fitted with a com-
partment to take the auxiliary instruments (D).
The arc-proof switchgear is normally fitted with a
duct for evacuation of the gases produced by an
arc (E).
Each compartment of the unit is fitted with a flap on
the top of it. The pressure generated by the fault
makes this open, allowing the gas to pass into the
duct.
The apparatus compartment is accessible from the
front. Door closing of these compartments is
available in two versions, with screws or central
handle.
Removal of the apparatus from the switchgear
(circuit-breakers, contactors and trucks measure-
ments) and from its relative compartments takes
place by means of a single dedicated truck.
The busbar and cable compartment are accessible
from the rear of the switchgear by means of
Line disconnectors
removable panels.
All the normal service operations are carried out IF unit line disconnectors are designed to act as
from the front, whereas maintenance and start-up two positions switches - open and closed positions
operations also require access from the rear of the - and operation is manual (e.g. without springs).
switchgear. The opening and closing operation of the line
It is not possible to achieve full front access to all disconnector is operated from the front of the
compartments and components with the double panel.
busbar system switchgear, so installation not The position of the line disconnector is indicated on
standing against the wall is mandatory. the front of the panel with reliable indicators.
The line isolators are clearly separated and the
relevant busbar compartments must be segregated
from each other in order to achieve the following:
A fault generated in one compartment (e.g. insula-
tion discharge) will not generate any damage to the
others or require the shutdown of the unit.
It should be possible to carry out maintenance and
also extend the switchgear with additional unit/s,
keeping one of the two busbars systems energised.
They are provided of limit switches for the position
detection.
The line disconnectors can be operated manually
or, as an option, motor operated. Motor operation is
locked while the manual-operating crank is inserted
into the operating slot.
The line disconnectors are provided with the
necessary interlocking facilities.

66
 4.2

The interlocks between the two line disconnectors

and the circuit breaker are implemented by means
of locking magnets. This solution allows maximum
flexibility and the required service conditions.
The line disconnector consists of a moveable
copper tube included inside an epoxy insulator.
Electrical contact is guaranteed by two or four
connection springs (depending on the rating of the
disconnector). Additional protective insulating caps
are mounted on both sides of the insulator, thus
providing the device with a high level of reliability.

1 – Door of the apparatus compartment

2 – Control unit
3 – Racking-in/racking-out operation
4 – Earthing switch operation
5 – Open/closed line disconnector B1
6 – Open/closed line disconnector B2

67
 Typical units

Single-line diagram of the typical units

IF - Incoming/Outgoing IF and IFM - Busbar A Duplex IF and IFM - Busbar B Duplex

BTT - Transv. Bus Tie M - Metering BTL - Longitudinal Bus Tie

68
 4.3

Single-line diagram of the typical units

RL - Bus Riser Long. RLM - Bus Riser Long. with Metering

Busbar applications

Top-mounted VTs Top-mounted earthing switch Top entry duct

69
 Technical data

12-17.5 kV
Unit width (mm) 650

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000

IF Incoming/outgoing feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex with measurement

BTT Transverse bus-tie

M Measurements

BTL Longitudinal bus-tie

RL Longitudinal riser

RML Longitudinal riser with measurement

12-17.5 kV
Unit width (mm) 800

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000

IF Incoming/outgoing feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex with measurement

BTT Transverse bus-tie

M Measurements

BTL Longitudinal bus-tie

RL Longitudinal riser

RML Longitudinal riser with measurement

12-17.5 kV
Unit width (mm) 1000

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 3600 4000

IF Incoming/outgoing feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex feeder

IF Incoming/outgoing duplex with measurement

BTT Transverse bus-tie

M Measurements

BTL Longitudinal bus-tie

RL Longitudinal riser

RML Longitudinal riser with measurement

– Depth (mm): 2021

– Height (mm): 2075 - (2595 with higher instrument compartment)
– Height with gas exhaust duct (mm): 2700

IF and IFM duplex feeders, M, BTL, RL and RLM will be available for both A and B busbar system connections.

70
 4.4

24 kV
Unit width (mm) 800

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000

IF Incoming/outgoing feeder

BTT Transverse bus-tie

M Measurements

BTL Longitudinal bus-tie

RL Longitudinal riser

RML Longitudinal riser with measurement

24 kV
Unit width (mm) 1000

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000

IF Incoming/outgoing feeder

BTT Transverse bus-tie

M Measurements

BTL Longitudinal bus-tie

RL Longitudinal riser

RML Longitudinal riser with measurement

– Depth (mm): 2570

– Height (mm): 2400 - (2720 with higher instrument compartment)
– Height with gas exhaust duct (mm): 2700
M, BTL, RL and RLM will be available for both A and B busbar system connections.
Height with gas exhaust duct

Height (1)

Unit compartments
A Apparatus
B1 Busbar 1
B2 Busbar 2
C Feeder
D Instruments
E Gas exhaust duct
Width Depth

71
72
 5
UniGear type ZVC

Page Chap.

Description 74 5.1

Characteristics 76 5.2

Typical units and technical data 78 5.3

73
 Description

The UniGear range is completed by the

compact contactor unit with fuses. This
uses vacuum contactors and is designed
specifically for motor, transformer and
capacitor bank switching and protection
for rated voltages up to 7.2 kV and rated
currents up to 400 A. Thanks to the use
of fuses as the main means of protection,
it can be used in installations with faultcur-
rents up to 50 kA.
This unit is able to combine maximum
accessibility of all the components with
the most limited dimensions available
on the market today for medium voltage
switchgear. The innovative integration
of the components offers a solution with
extremely reduced weight and footprint,
allowing efficient use of space in electrical
installations.
The most evident characteristic of this unit
is its extreme compactness, just 325 mm.
It therefore finds ideal application in installations
with a high number of contactor outgoing feeders The use of medium voltage protection fuses
or in situations with very limited space available. strongly limits the fault let-through energy, allowing
The use of the contactor unit with fuses is prefera- the contactor to be used in installations even with
ble to the use of circuit-breakers when a high high fault currents.
number of daily operations is required. This characteristic also helps to safeguard the
The interrupters for use in the contactor guarantee levels of insulation and increase the electrical life
an extremely high number of closing and opening of the cables and of the connected machine.
operations under normal load conditions and with For the same reason, the switchgear unit can use
a maximum rated short-time withstand current earthing switches for the power cables with
of 6 kA. reduced making capacities compared to the rest of
The electrical life of the contactor is defined as the switchgear components, but suitable in any
being in category AC3 with 100,000 operations case for the fault current available on the load side
(closing-opening), 400 A interrupted current. of the fuses.

IF IF IF IF IF IF IF IF IF IF
IF BT R IF

74
 5.1

The limiting properties of the fuses also allow cables with reduced cross-
sections to be used for the connection between the switchgear and the
machines to be protected (reductions between 60 and 80% can be obtained),
leading to a considerable reduction in costs.
The unit can be coupled directly with the main switchgear, with possibility of
extension on both ends of the switchgear. The same service and mainte-
nance procedures are guaranteed as well as full wall-mounting.

Standards
IEC 60470 for the contactor.
IEC 60282-1 for the fuses.

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 3.6 7.2

Rated insulation voltage kV 3.6 7.2
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1min. 16 20
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 40 60
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60
Rated short-time withstand current kA (1) …50 …50
Peak current kA …125 …125
Internal arc withstand current (2) kA 1s …40 …40
kA 0.5s …50 …50
Main busbar rated current A …4000 …4000
Branch connection rated current A 400 400

Maximum performances of the

contactor with fuses
Rated voltage kV 3.6 7.2
Motors kW 2000 4000
Transformers kVA 2250 4500
Capacitors kVAR 1000 2000

(1) Limited by the fuses.

(2) The internal arc with-
stand values are guar-
anteed in the compart-
Maximum load currents of the fuses
ments on the supply
side of the fuses (bus-
Feeder Transformers Motors Capacitors bars and apparatus) by
Rated Fuse Maximum Fuse Maximum Fuse Maximum the structure of the
voltage load load load switchgear and on the
3.6kV 450A (2x250) 360A 550A (2x315) 400A 550A (2x315) 360A load side (feeder) by the
limiting properties of the
7.2kV 450A (2x250) 360A 550A (2x315) 400A 550A (2x315) 360A
fuses.

75
 Characteristics

Compartments The current transformers are normally coupled

Each unit consists of three power compartments: onto the bottom branch connections of the top
apparatus, busbar and feeder. monobloc. They are of the toroidal type and are
The apparatus and feeder compartments are completely insulated from the medium voltage
accessible from the front by means of a single system. They can also be replaced from the front
access door. Door closing is carried out with of the switchgear after having removed the
screws. contactor and the shutter segregation system.
Each unit is fitted with an auxiliary compartment, The unit can also be equipped with toroidal
where all the instruments and cabling are housed. transformers placed on the power cables in the
The arc-proof switchgear can be fitted with a duct feeder compartment.
for evacuation of the gases produced by an arc. Each unit can be equipped with an earthing switch
All the units are accessible from the front and to earth the cables. The earthing switch is fitted
maintenance and service operations can therefore with short-circuit making capacity up to
also be carried out with the switchgear wall- 12.5 kA x 1s and 31.5 kA peak. The apparatus is
mounted. controlled from the front of the switchgear with
The compartments are segregated from each manual operation. The position of the earthing
other by metallic partitions. switch can be seen from the front of the switch-
gear by means of an indicator.
The characteristics of the busbar system, earthing
busbar and gas exhaust duct are the same as
Integration of the components those of the other UniGear units. A maximum of
The switchgear is built up around three basic two single and three-core cables per phase can be
functional structures, consisting of macro blocks of used, depending on the rated voltage and on the
epoxy resin where the components of the switch- cross-section of the cables.
gear are incorporated. The top block [A] contains
the whole system of branch connections (towards
the main busbars and towards the cable terminals) Contactor
and the fixed contacts (for connection of the
The apparatus is dedicated to use in this typical
contactor to the
unit.
busbar and feeder compartment).
The epoxy resin monobloc [C] contains the
The bottom block [B] creates the insulation
connections embedded between the top isolating
required between the phases at cable terminal
contacts, the fuse connections, vacuum interrupt-
level and that of the fixed contacts of the earthing
ers and finally the bottom isolating contacts. This
switch.
structure also houses the following components:
The third block [C] is represented by the main
vacuum interrupters, moving equipment, control
body of the withdrawable contactor.
electromagnet, multivoltage feeder and auxiliary
Segregation between the apparatus, busbar and
contacts.
feeder compartments is carried out by means of a
The contactor can be fitted with an operating
system of metallic shutters. These are activated
mechanism with electrical or mechanical latching.
automatically during movement of the apparatus
The contactor can be fitted with a two-pole voltage
from the racked-out position to the service
transformer complete with protection fuses. The
position and vice versa. In the case where back-
voltage transformer must be used for supplying
feed of the unit from the cable side is not possible,
the coils of the contactor operating mechanism.
the bottom segregation shutter of the latter can be
The contactor is fitted with medium voltage fuses
eliminated. Even in the unlikely case of back-feed,
for protection of the operated feeders. Coordina-
safety of the operating personnel is guaranteed in
tion between contactor, fuses and protection unit
any case by the presence of an interlock only
is guaranteed in accordance with the IEC 60470
allowing the unit door to be opened after the
Standards for apparatus in class C.
power cable earthing switch has been closed.

76
 5.2

The monobloc also acts as a fuse-holder frame

and is preset for installation of one or two sets of
three fuses per phase with average type of
dimensions and striker, according to the BS 2692
Standard, with a maximum length of 454 mm.
The contactor has an automatic opening device
when even a single fuse blows.
Contrary to the apparatus of the conventional
compartment, where the connections of the
auxiliary circuits of the apparatus with the auxiliary
unit are made by means of a plug-socket system
with manual coupling, the contactor
dedicated to this unit uses an automatic coupling
system. This is activated automatically during
movement of the apparatus from the racked-out
position to the service position and vice versa.

77
 Typical units and technical data

Single-line diagram of the typical units

Typical motor start-ups

A
A Direct

B Reverse direction

1 2 C Reactor

D Autotransformer

E Star-delta

3 Off
Key to components

1 Contactor with electrical latching

2 Contactor with mechanical latching.

3 Two-pole voltage transformer for supplying the con-

trol circuits

Standard components
Accessories
Alternative solutions

B C D E

M M M M
~3 ~3 ~3 ~3

78
 5.3

The compact contactor units with fuses in the The contactors used to operate each motor are
UniGear range have been specifically studied to interlocked together by means of electromechanical
offer the best performances with direct motor devices.
starting, as this is the type most widely used. These operate by means of locking magnets with
The switchgear can, however, also be used for active logics and therefore auxiliary voltage cut-off
complex starting, which requires the use of several makes the lock operative. The starting and switch-
contactor units. ing sequences can be fully automated by means of
The connections between the various units used the REF542plus unit.
during the starting and running stage, such as The unit software makes the control logics and its
between the machines (motor, reactor, autotrans- great flexibility allows it to be adapted efficaciously
former), are made using cables. to the characteristics of the machine to be operat-
The phase inversions are carried out directly on ed. The interlocks between the contactors dedicat-
the output of the switchgear by means of the ed to operation of the machine can also be man-
power cables. The units which make the star aged safely by the REF542plus unit.
centre of the machines must be positioned at the
end of the switchgear.

... 7.2 kV - ... 50 kA

Depth (mm) 1125
Height (mm) 2200/2595 (1)
Height with gas exhaust duct (mm) 2675 (1) The height of the unit is
Width (mm) 325 a function of the height
of the instrument com-
Rated current (A) 200 400
partment, available in
IF Incoming/outgoing the 675 and 1070 mm
versions.

E E
Height with gas exhaust duct

D B D
Height (1)

A A

C C Unit compartments
A Apparatus
B Main busbars
C Feeder
Depth D Instruments
Width E Gas exhaust duct

79
80
 6
Marine Applications

Page Chap.

Description 82 6.1

Characteristics 84 6.2

Typical units and technical data 86 6.3

81
 Description

In the recent past, the electrical network of marine

plants was manufactured with low voltage compo-
nents. The increase in power and short-circuit
current has obliged shipyards to move to medium
voltage.
In the beginning 3.6kV was used in most cases,
but the current requirements are 7.2 and 12kV.
The plants are rapidly reaching the limits (50kA)
even at these voltages and the long-term vision is
for 12kV only.
The use of 13.8kV could be taken into considera-
tion (few builders have already used this voltage).
The switchgear suitable for marine applications is
therefore 7.2-12kV switchgear (with the option for
17.5kV), with the need for many dedicated fea-
tures and some special typical units.
The temperature range, vibrations and variable Over 5,000 ABB panels are in service in the world
inclination are particularly severe conditions on board all kind of ships. ABB delivers about 500
affecting the functional efficiency of on-board units per year.
components such as the switchgear.
Other conditions (e.g. high humidity and saline Registers and end-customers (shipyards or ship
concentration) only affect off-board equipment and owners) require switchgear manufactured to
therefore not the switchgear. comply with Shipping Register test requirements
ABB is the leading manufacturer of air-insulated for on-board apparatus.
switchgear for marine applications, installed by all For this purpose, tests have been performed in
main shipyards (Brazil, China, Denmark, Finland, compliance with the main Shipping Register
France, Germany, Japan, Korea, Italy, Norway, regulations; DNV, LR, RINA, BV, GL and ABS
Singapore, Spain, UK and USA). regulations.

82
 6.1

Electrical characteristics

Rated voltage kV 7.2 12

Rated insulation voltage kV 7.2 12
Rated power frequency withstand voltage kV 1 m 20 28
Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage kV 60 75
Rated frequency Hz 50-60 50-60
Rated short-time withstand current kA 3s ...50 ...50
Peak current kA ...125 ...125
Internal arc withstand current kA 1s …40 …40
kA 0.5s ...50 ...50
Main busbars rated current A 1250...4000 1250...4000
Branch connection rated current A 630...3150 630...3150
Branch connection rated current with forced ventilation A 3600...4000 3600...4000

The Marine Market can be divided into four Applications

different segments: UniGear apparatus provides ideal technical
– Passenger vessels (cruise ships and ferries). solutions for marine applications:
– Industrial vessels (shuttle tankers, drill ships, oil – Arc-proof construction, mechanical safety
carriers, cargo vessels, etc.). interlocks, automatic segregation shutters and
– Rigs (drill and oil rigs). apparatus control with the door closed guaran-
– Navy (Military navy). tee personnel safety during installation, mainte-
nance and service;
In this type of plants where there is high humidity – High degree of protection (up to IP43) on the
and saline concentration as well as a variable external enclosure;
temperature range, the vibrations and the variable – Metallic partitions between each compartment
trim are particularly severe conditions affecting the and earthing of all components accessible to
functional efficiency of ships, tankers, container personnel: apparatus, shutters, doors and the
ships, etc. whole switchgear frame;
Moreover, in order to guarantee the necessary – High fire resistance thanks to scarce use of
comfort and facilities, high electrical power plastic and resins: the auxiliary equipment and
generation plants and control systems must be wiring are highly self-extinguishing.
concentrated in significantly reduced overall
dimensions.
UniGear, coupled with double level and/or ZVC,
offers a wide range of apparatus and control units
to satisfy marine installation requirements.

Ambient conditions for classification of on-board apparatus

– Ambient temperature from 0 °C to + 45 °C
– Inclination up to 25° permanent
Vibration in the frequency range of 2 … 100Hz at the following motion width
– 1mm amplitude in the frequency range of 2…13.2Hz
– 0.7g acceleration amplitude in the frequency range of 13.2…100Hz

83
 Characteristics

The features required, which are not part of the – appropriate cable terminal distance (minimum
standard design, are described below. requirements):
- 700mm in case of bottom entry;
Degree of Protection - 1000mm in case of top entry.
The standard external degree of protection of
Standard depth IF units (1340-1390 mm) are also
marine switchgear is IP42 or IP43.
used as an alternative in case of problems with
space.
Wiring duct
This feeder version will only allow bottom cable
Every switchgear unit is equipped with the top- entry and a cable terminal distance in the range of
mounted interconnection wiring duct and the total 440…535 mm, depending on the rated current.
switchgear height must be 2500 mm (2530 mm
with gas duct and top chimneys). The duct is fixed UniGear ZVC
on the top of the auxiliary compartment. Bottom cable entry units are equipped with two
cables per phase. The terminal distance from the
Gas duct floor is 630 mm. The unit is 1124 mm deeper.
Top cable entry units are equipped with two cables
UniGear is always in the arc-proof version and per phase. The terminal distance from the ceiling
therefore equipped with the gas duct. is 900 mm. The unit is 1654 mm deeper.
The duct is fixed on the top of the auxiliary
compartment. In marine plants, the exhaust gases Double Level UniGear
cannot normally be evacuated out of the room and Double level units will be in the standard depth
therefore the gas duct must always be closed on design. All the described recommendations for
both the end-sides and equipped with top chim- single level units must be applied to double level
neys. units.
If there are cases where it is possible to evacuate The cable terminal distance of IF units is 600 mm
hot gases out of the room, the standard gas duct for all the following configurations:
can be supplied. – Bottom entry
– Top entry
Cables – Bottom and top entry.
Single Level UniGear
Single level IF and IFM units will mainly be in the Doors
deeper version (1840-1890 mm). This design will As standard, all the doors (auxiliary, apparatus
allow the following targets to be achieved: and feeder compartments) are equipped with an
– bottom and top cable entry; appropriate stop to fix them in the open position.

1 Gas exhaust duct

2 Flaps
Arc venting system 3 Top chimneys

84
 6.2

Outgoing Metering unit Incoming Slim Bus tie Bus riser Slim Incoming Metering unit Outgoing
feeders with feeder contactor contactor feeder feeders with
circuit- Outgoing feeder feeder Outgoing circuit-
breakers feeder feeder breakers

Compound configuration with single level, double level and ZVC

Thermo-graphic inspection With regard to Double Level UniGear, we can point

Thermo-graphic inspection is normally required on out that due to the switchgear design constraints,
power cables terminations and sometimes on main both the main busbar and the power cables
busbar systems. thermo-graphic inspection can only be carried out
Customers are normally much more sensitive to using the SensyCal IR system.
the former, because cable termination faults
represent a considerable part of all the faults in
switchgear, whereas faults in main busbar systems
are quite rare.
Thermo-graphic inspection and supervision can be
done in two ways:
– Temporary inspection by means of an IR camera
through an appropriate inspection window.
– Continuous supervision by means of IR sensors
located inside the switchgear.

The first system (temporary inspection) requires an

IR camera and an inspection window for each
compartment to be supervised.
The second system (continuous supervision)
requires the SensyCal IR system. This is a non-
touch temperature monitoring system based on IR
temperature probes connected to a central unit (12
sensors can be plugged in to each central unit).
Due to the switchgear design constraints, the main
busbar thermo-graphic inspection can only be
carried out using the SensyCal IR system, whereas
the power cables can be supervised with both the
SensyCal IR and the IR camera.

85
 Typical units and technical data

The units required, which are not part of the

standard design, are described below.

Earthing transformer units

From the electrical point of view, marine plants are
based on isolated networks (isolated neutral
point).
The main consequences regard the following:
– the network can be operated with single-phase
earth fault;
– earth fault detection is very difficult, due to the
very low earth fault current.
In order to increase this and therefore allow
releases to operate on single-phase earth faults,
two solutions can be used:
– connecting the secondary winding of the
generator to ground by means of a resistor;
– installing an earthing transformer in the network.

For this reason, the UniGear range must be

enriched with two addition typical units: M – Metering with earthing RLM – Bus Riser with
transformer. metering and earthing
– ME: Busbar metering unit with earthing trans- transformer.
former feeder;
– RE: Rise with earthing transformer feeder.

In the case of switchgear with a single busbar

section, ME can be used for this purpose; in the
case of switchgear equipped with two busbar
sections, both ME and RE units must be used, in
order to cover all the schemes.

Additional features of M and R units

Out of choice, M and R units should be equipped
with fixed VTs instead of withdrawable VTs with
fuses.
In this configuration the so-called “VT compart-
ment” will be used as an additional auxiliary
compartment. It must be fully segregated from the
power compartments with metallic partitions and
designed as an auxiliary compartment with
respect to the safety rules.
The inside rear and side walls of the compartment
must be fitted with the grid plate for fixing the
auxiliary equipment. This will be equipped with the
relevant left-hand side duct for wiring entry from
the bottom and exit to the top-mounted auxiliary
compartment.

86
 6.3

7.2-12 kV – 31.5 kA

Unit width/depth (mm) 650 / 1840

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500
IF Incoming/outgoing feeder (1) (3)
IFM Incoming/outgoing with measurement (1) (3)

Unit width/depth (mm) 650 / 1340

Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500
IF Incoming/outgoing feeder (1) (3)
BT Bus-tie
R Riser
RE Riser with earthing transformer
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurement
ME Measurement with earthing transformer

7.2-12 kV – 40-50 kA

Unit width (mm) 800 1000

Unit depth (mm) 1840 1890 1840 1890
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000
IF Incoming/outgoing feeder (1)
IFM Incoming/outgoing
with measurement (1)

Unit width (mm) 800 1000

Unit depth (mm) 1840 1890 1840 1390
Rated current (A) 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000 630 1250 1600 2000 2500 3150 4000
IF Incoming/outgoing feeder (1)
BT Bus-tie
R Riser
RE Riser with earthing transformer
RM Riser with measurements
M Measurement
ME Measurement with earthing
transformer

– Depth (mm): refer to the above table.

– Height (mm): 2530 mm (gas duct with top chimneys included).
– (1): Bottom and top cable entry.
– (2): Bottom cable entry.
– (3): Up to 50kA with V-Contact

87
 Notes

88
1
 The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve the right to make
changes in the course of technical development of the product.
1VCP0000138 – Rev. B, en – Technical catalogue – 2005.11

ABB Power Technologies S.p.A. ABB s.r.o.

Unità Operativa Sace Org. unit EJF
Via Friuli, 4 Videnská 117, 619 00 Brno
I-24044 Dalmine Czech Republic
Tel: +39 035 395111 Tel: +420 5 4715 2413, 1111
Fax: +39 035 395874 Fax: +420 5 4715 2190
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Internet://www.abb.com Internet://www.abb.com