THE WATER REQUIREMENT FOR FISHERY

IN INDONESIA

BY :

MUHAMMAD FIQIH ILHAM A. 155060100111029

MUHAMMAD REZA AZHARI 155060100111038
MAHMUD 155060101111003
FAUZI NOVTRIAN 155060107111001
KHARISMA TRIA MAHARANI 155060107111015

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
2018
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Fishery is one of the livelihood in Indonesia. Because, Indonesia is rich in potential for
fisheries. In addition to having a vast sea and a long coastline, Indonesia also has abundant ground
water sources. All such potential can be used to support the fisheries sector.
Indonesia's territory consists mostly waters keep a wide range of natural resources.The
waters encompassed freshwater (inland waters), saltwater (marine) and brackish (a mixture of
freshwater and marine). Freshwater area include fishing in paddy fields, ponds, lakes, rivers, and
keramba. The kinds of fisheries that remain unanswered are carp, tilapia, catfish, and gourami.
While the area of brackish water fisheries conducted at the edges of the flat beach in the form of
ponds or empang. The types of fish that remain cultivated are the shrimp and milkfish. And the
saltwater (marine) include forms such as waters of the ocean, the Strait, exposure, the continent
and the Bay.The main products of sea fishery in the form of other types of fish, such as tuna,
anchovies, Octopus, tuna, red snapper, Grouper, tuna and others.
Population and economic growth that occurred in the country, has prompted increased
demand of commodity fishery over time. In addition, as it is known that the management of the
fisheries in Indonesia is not so good, that needs work to be done in terms of improvements in
management so that the needs of the community can be fulfilled properly. Good management is
exercised by way of looking at the needs of the water from the fish and the aquatic environment.
It aims so that fish farming can meet the needs of the community in meeting the targets in
Indonesia.
Fishing is an activitiy related to the management and utilization of biological resources.
The aquatic biological resources cannot be restricted firmly and generally include fish,
amphibians, and other invertebrate aquatic dwellers and the adjacent areas, as well as the
environment.

1.2 Outline of the Problem

1. What is meant by fisheries?
2.What are the various fisheries?
3. What about the problem of fisheries in Indonesia?
4. How to calculate water needs in fisheries?
1.3 Goal
1.To know the sense and definition of fishery.
2.To know the various type of fishing.
3. To know the problems of fisheries that occur in Indonesia.
4. To know the calculation of water needs in fisheries.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition and Sense of Fishery

Fishing is an activity related to the management and utilization of biological resources.The
aquatic biological resources cannot be restricted firmly and generally include fish, amphibians,
and other invertebrate aquatic dwellers and the adjacent areas, as well as the environment. In
Indonesia, according to RI ACT No. 31/2004, as amended by the ACT of REPUBLIC of
INDONESIA No.45/2009, an activity that is included in the fishery starts from the preproduction,
production, processing up to marketing, which is implemented in a system of fishery business.
Thus, the fisheries can be considered as agribusiness.
About 16% of the types of fish that exist in the world live in the waters of Indonesia.The
total number of kinds of fish reached 7000 type (species). About 2000 species of which is a type
of freshwater fish.Fresh water fish is a kind of fish that lives and inhabit the waters of the inland
(inland water), i.e. the waters with less than 5 levels of salt per mile (Kartamihardja, et al,
2007).The vast Mainland waters in Indonesia reached 54 million Ha. The figure includes the
waters of public land with an area of about 13.85 million Ha (consisting of river and flood exposure
covering 12 million Ha, the Lake covering an area of 1.80 million Ha and reservoirs covering an
area of 0.05 million Ha, swamps and brackish mangrove forests covering an area of 39.5 million
Ha, and aquatic cultivation area of 0.65 million Ha encompasses rice fields, ponds, pools and
ponds. Fishing is all activities related to fish including fish produce, either through capture or
Aquaculture and or offer it to meet human needs will be food protein source and non food. The
definition of fishing according to (Act No. 31st 2004) are all activities that relate to the
management and utilization of fish resources and their environment starting from the pre
production, processing phase of production, up to the marketing is carried out in a the fishing
business.

2.2 Types of Fisheries

Waters cover 3 regions, i.e. regions of fresh water (inland waters), saltwater (marine) and
brackish (a mixture of freshwater and marine).The waters of the freshwater or terrestrial waters
collectively is the type of waters which cover the body or a body of water which contained a relic
in the Mainland, including such as lakes, rivers, reservoirs, springs and bogs.The sea waters
include aquatic forms such as ocean, Strait, exposure, the continent and the Bay.As for the body
of waters with brackish water, such as the estuary and marshes are found in the coastal region
(Back Swamp). Based on the type of its waters, the fishing effort can be distinguished as follows:
 a. Inland Fisheries
is the cultivation of inland fisheries or fishing that is carried out in the Mainland.The
cultivation of inland fisheries can be done on the embankment, keramba, outdoor, empang, and
more.Inland fisheries are distinguished into two, i.e. as follows.
1) Fisheries on brackish water

Brackish water Fisheries conducted at the edges of the flat Beach in the form of ponds or
empang.The types of fish that remain unanswered are the shrimp and milkfish.
2) Fresh water fishing

Fresh water fishing includes fishing in the rice fields, ponds, lakes, rivers, and keramba.The
kinds of fish that cultivated such as carp, tilapia, catfish, and gourami.

Picture 2.1 Cultivated Fisheries

b. Marine Fishery Cultivation

Business or catching marine animals called sea fisheries.The capture of sea animals is
usually done by residents living in the coastal area.Fishermen usually catch the animals sea in the
shallow seas or the neritik zone.Traditionally, the fishermen normally use small boats. Massive
arrests typically use a large motorboat.Types of equipment that are used to catch fish is very
diverse, such as fishing rods, nets, nets, sero, and more.Sea fisheries Indonesia's potential is huge,
as almost 60% of the territory of Indonesia is the sea waters.Type of fish produced, among others,
COB, catch, monitor lizard, and tuna.
 Picture 2.2 Sea Fishing

Potential fish usually found in the territorial waters of the sea, which is the meeting place
between the flow of warm and cold currents known as upwelling areas. In addition to the fish
resources, in the area of sea waters, there is considerable potential, i.e. the coastal region. This area
includes Mainland waters.
Area of land in the form of dry land and submerged sea water at the time of install and is
affected by the waves. The region is often marked the presence of sea-water intrusion. Territorial
waters are included in the coastal area is the extent of 4 to 12 miles of coastline and is still
influenced by processes that occur from the Mainland, such as the deposition of erosion results
from land, waste water disposal and water flow of the river.
The coastal area can be utilized as an area of cultivation, such as farming, a system of
floating nets, keramba or keramba tancap with net system. Promote cultivation of the coastal area
into solutions to capture fisheries production (the Ocean off) which is likely to continue to decline
due to over fishing.
The selection of the location of the coastal area as the area of cultivation in order to produce
optimal with provisions, among others, as follows:
1.Calm waters protected from the waves and currents are strong enough, because of the waves and
currents can damage the construction of floating nets.
2. The depth of the waters of 5-15 meters. The depth of the waters of less than 5 meters, will give
rise to problems of the environment (water quality from dirt leftovers and fish).More than 15
metres depth would require a long anchor rope.
3. Basic waters should correspond to the original fish habitat that will be cultivated.
4. Free of pollution, so the location of aquaculture should be far from the industrial area as well as
a dense settlement.
5. it is easily reached from the ground and from suppliers of means of production cultivation.
6. The location of the cultivation is safe from acts of theft and looting.
7.Qualified water quality in terms of chemical and physical, among others, as follows:
a.15-33 flow speed cm/second.
 b. Brightness > 1 m to 2 m > grouper.
c. 30-33 ppt Salinity.
d.Temperature 27oC-29oC.
e.pH > 7.
f. 5 ppm of dissolved O2.

In general the type of fisheries and its spreading can be classifed into three kinds, namely:

1) Coastal Fisheries
This type of Fisheries conducted in areas less than 60 miles from shore.Typically the
utilization of this type of fishery resources undertaken by traditional fishermen using small size,
speed boat or rowboat.Because of the vast area bring relatively narrow and only using traditional
equipment, then bring him any less maximum results and weather factor also greatly
influences.The types of fish that are often arrested, including bloating, teri, petek, lemuru, and
several types of molluscs, such as squid and jellyfish.

2) Deep Sea Fisheries

Fisheries in the deep sea is a type of fishing that is carried out in the ocean or on the high
seas.Usually that does the utilization and management of this type of fishing carried out by modern
fishermen or large fishing companies certainly use sophisticated equipment.Catches can fish in
large numbers. Several regions in Indonesia which is a potential sea fisheries district, among
others, as follows:
a.The Strait of Malacca, there is usually a lot of fish terumbuk
b. Waters North of Java and segara anak (Cilacap) there is a lot of seaweed.
c. Areas of Bitung, North Sulawesi Water copper and there are lots of tuna and skipjack.
d. the Moluccas, there are many types of ornamental fish, seaweed and tuna.
e. About Aru Islands and Kei are many pearls, seaweed, sponges, tripang and seaweed.In
addition to the above areas there are many kinds of fish and the natural resources of the sea
are many, scattered across Indonesia from Aceh up to Merauke, Papua.

3) Inland Fisheries
In addition to sea fisheries, in Indonesia also knows the inland fisheries conducted in freshwater
and brackish water. Management and cultivation of the fish is usually done in the area of river,
Lake, or pond, empang fields and dams.Type of results has been very varied as shrimp, lobster,
catfish, tilapia, gurameh, bawal, eel etc.
Land Farmed Aquaculture

a) Fish Embankment
According to a PERMEN PU no 16 year 2011 pond is a pond of brackish water used for land-
based aquaculture be shrimp, fish, crabs, shellfish and seaweed.Embankment including sea waters
because it is still within the limits of the ocean, any water used sea water mixed with fresh water.

Picture 2.3 Fish Embankment

b. Empang
Empang and embankment is a little bit different from the embakment. If the embankment as
described above contain brackish and sea water but empang is a type of outdoor fresh water fish
cultivated. Fish type on empang is carp fish, catfish, catfish, carp, Nila fish and other freshwater
fish.

Picture 2.4 Empang and Fish Embankment

c. Lakes and rivers

Lakes and rivers is one of the types of surface water in particular ground waters. Fishing
on lakes and rivers is quite unpopular as not many people took fish from the river or the Lake on
a small scale, is not done with large scale just like fishing. The result of fishing in here is not sold
on a large scale. The types of fish that can be found in rivers and lakes are fish oreochromis
mossambicus, catfish or small fish such as waders.Empang, rivers, lakes and ground waters is able
to be utilized for fisheries. So the sea waters or the waters both benefit the fisheries sector although
in different amounts. But in addition to the type of fishery water that is water surface either land
or marine waters can also be utilized as a tourism destination with stunning beauty of its panorama
as well as a place to relax.

2.3 Fisheries Problems in Indonesia

The fisheries sector of economic activity of Indonesia has many problems that lead to the well-
being of fishermen or fish farming principals rated still far from expectations. As for some of these
issues, among others, the following:
a. There is still much catching fish in waters system ground the less noticed factor
environmental sustainability of nature such as using bombs, poison, stun electricity etc.
b. Knowledge the fishermen about fisheries still belongs to low so haven't been able to
manage natural resources optimally.
c. equipment used fishermen to catch fish is still relatively simple and still hanging by a
factor of the weather.
d. Fishermen is not quite prosperous job making it difficult to develop themselves.
e. fish processing are still using simple tools so often not power efficiency, cost and the
result was only a little bit.
f. Many fishermen who entangled debts by moneylenders and the middleman so that
fishermen are increasingly derailed in poverty.

2.4 Calculation of water needs in Fisheries aspects

Fishery is an activity that is an awful lot of water use because of course for inundate fish farming
pond water is required in large volumes of water so that a suitable living place was created for the
development of fish . This requirement was intended at the time of the initial planting and water
turnover (Heru, 1986). Each type of fish farming water use patterns will be different, for example
for the fish clarias gariepinus requires 1 x a month while the CARP need 1 week once (SNI,
2002).According to Sri Najiyanti (1992) (in SNI, 2002) explains that the water is replaced is
approximately one-third the height of the pool or pools of 7 mm/day/ha.

Description:
Q (FP) = water needs for fishery (m3/day),
q (f) = Needs water for flushing (mm/day/ha),
A (FP) = Area of fish ponds (ha).
 CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS AND ADVICE

3.1 Conclusions

a. Fisheries are all activities related to fish including fish produce, either through capture or
Aquaculture and or offer it to meet human needs will be food protein source and non food.
b. based on the type of its waters, the fishing effort can be distinguished into 2 IE:
-inland fisheries: an attempt of cultivating or fishing that is carried out in the Mainland.The
cultivation of inland fisheries can be done on the embankment, keramba, outdoor, empang, and
more.
-Sea Fisheries: an attempt of cultivating or catching marine animals
c. As for some problems on fisheries Indonesia, among others, as follows:
– still many fishing system in land that is less noticed factor of sustainability the natural
environment such as using bombs, poison, stun electricity etc.
-Knowledge of the fishermen on the fishing is still classified as low so haven't been able to
manage natural resources optimally.
-Fishing equipment used to catch fish is still relatively simple and still hanging by a factor
of the weather.
d. calculation of water needs in fisheries can be formulated with:

Description:
Q (FP) = water needs for fishery (m3/day),
q (f) = Needs water for flushing (mm/day/ha),
A (FP) = Area of fish ponds (ha).

3.2 Advice
1.The Government and the community should work together in water resource
management on fisheries in order to achieve good results.
2. Need for socialization from the Government regarding water resource management for
fisheries especially in coastal communities.
3. the Government provides new policy against the water resources in the field of fisheries
over the existing problems.
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