Ecological Footprint by Country

Per Capita Ecological Footprint per Country
National ecological surplus or deficit, measured as a country's biocapacity per person

(in global hectares) minus its ecological footprint per person (also in global hectares). Data
from 2013.[1]
x ≤ -9 -5 < x ≤ -4 0≤x<2
-9 < x ≤ -8
-4 < x ≤ -3 2≤x<4
-8 < x ≤ -7
-3 < x ≤ -2 4≤x<6
-7 < x ≤ -6
-2 < x ≤ -1 6≤x<8
-6 < x ≤ -5
-1 < x < 0 8≤x
Data unavailable
The table below is based on 2012 data (National Footprint Accounts edition 2016). An interactive map
is available on Global Footprint Network's website.
Note that this list contains only 188 countries, covering most of the countries with more than one million
inhabitants.
Biocapacity
Ecological Population
Biocapacity deficit or
Rank Country Footprint (millions
(gha/person) reserve
(gha/person) of people)
(gha/person)
1 Luxembourg 15.82 1.68 -14.14 0.52
2 Aruba 11.88 0.57 -11.31 0.1
3 Qatar 10.8 1.24 -9.56 2.05

4 Australia 9.31 16.57 7.26 23.05
5 United States 8.22 3.76 -4.46 317.5

6 Canada 8.17 16.01 7.83 34.84
7 Kuwait 8.13 0.55 -7.58 3.25
8 Singapore 7.97 0.05 -7.92 5.3
9 United Kingdom 7.93 0.56 -7.37 65.648
10 Trinidad and Tobago 7.92 1.56 -6.36 1.34
11 Montserrat 7.78 1.36 -6.42 0.005

12 Oman 7.52 1.92 -5.6 3.31
13 Bahrain 7.49 0.58 -6.91 1.32
14 Belgium 7.44 1.19 -6.25 11.06
15 Sweden 7.25 10.62 3.38 9.51
16 Estonia 6.86 10.53 3.67 1.29
17 Bahamas 6.84 9.55 2.71 0.37

18 Latvia 6.29 9.55 3.26 2.06
19 Israel 6.22 0.35 -5.87 7.64
20 Mongolia 6.08 15.66 9.58 2.8
21 Austria 6.06 3.07 -3 8.46
22 Finland 5.87 13.44 7.57 5.41
23 Lithuania 5.83 5.67 -0.17 3.03
24 Slovenia 5.81 2.35 -3.47 2.07
25 Switzerland 5.79 1.3 -4.48 8
26 Bermuda 5.77 0.13 -5.64 0.06
27 South Korea 5.69 0.68 -5.01 49
28 Russia 5.69 6.79 1.1 143.17
29 Cayman Islands 5.65 0.32 -5.33 0.06
30 Saudi Arabia 5.61 0.5 -5.12 28.29
31 New Zealand 5.6 10.14 4.54 4.46

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
32 Ireland 5.57 3.73 -1.83 4.58
33 Kazakhstan 5.55 3.41 -2.14 16.27
34 Denmark 5.51 4.78 -0.73 5.6
35 Turkmenistan 5.47 2.79 -2.68 5.17
36 Antigua and Barbuda 5.38 0.94 -4.44 0.09
37 Germany 5.3 2.27 -3.02 82.8
38 Netherlands 5.28 1.17 -4.11 16.71
39 Czech Republic 5.19 2.46 -2.73 10.66
40 France 5.14 3.11 -2.04 63.98
41 Belarus 5.09 3.64 -1.45 9.4
42 Japan 5.02 0.72 -4.3 127.25
43 Norway 4.98 8.18 3.19 4.99
44 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.94 0.62 -4.31 0.05
45 United Arab Emirates 4.94 1.32 -3.62 6.30
46 Bhutan 4.84 5.27 0.43 0.74
47 French Polynesia 4.73 1.37 -3.36 0.27
48 Italy 4.61 1.08 -3.53 60.92
49 Barbados 4.48 0.19 -4.29 0.28
50 Poland 4.44 2.08 -2.36 38.21
51 Greece 4.38 1.61 -2.77 11.12
52 Chile 4.36 3.63 -0.73 17.46
53 Suriname 4.25 89.33 85.08 0.54
54 Cyprus 4.21 0.34 -3.87 1.13
55 Paraguay 4.16 10.52 6.36 6.69
56 Brunei 4.06 2.87 -1.19 0.41
57 Slovakia 4.06 2.71 -1.35 5.45
58 Equatorial Guinea 3.97 4.4 0.44 0.74
59 Croatia 3.92 2.8 -1.12 4.31
60 Portugal 3.88 1.51 -2.37 10.6

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
61 Lebanon 3.84 0.33 -3.51 4.65
62 Botswana 3.83 3.47 -0.35 2.00
63 Montenegro 3.78 3.24 -0.54 0.62

64 Malaysia 3.71 2.41 -1.3 29.24
65 Libya 3.69 0.7 -3 6.16
66 Spain 3.67 1.25 -2.42 46.76
67 Réunion 3.65 0.18 -3.47 0.86
68 New Caledonia 3.58 7.67 4.09 0.25
69 Venezuela 3.57 2.78 -0.79 29.96
70 Mauritius 3.46 0.71 -2.75 1.24
71 China 3.38 0.94 -2.44 1408.04
72 Turkey 3.33 1.52 -1.81 74
73 Bulgaria 3.32 2.86 -0.46 7.28
74 South Africa 3.31 1.15 -2.16 52.39
75 Macedonia 3.26 1.51 -1.75 2.11
76 Guadeloupe 3.23 0.45 -2.77 0.46
77 Argentina 3.14 6.92 3.78 41.09
78 Bosnia and 3.12 1.63 -1.49 3.83

Herzegovina
79 Brazil 3.11 9.08 5.97 198.66
80 Saint Vincent and the 3.11 1.26 -1.85 0.11

Grenadines
81 Guyana 3.07 66.58 63.51 0.8
82 Grenada 2.98 1.96 -1.01 0.1
83 Bolivia 2.96 16.73 13.77 10.5
84 Nauru 2.94 0.19 -2.76 0.01
85 Hungary 2.92 2.17 -0.75 9.98
86 Uruguay 2.91 10.32 7.41 3.4
87 Fiji 2.9 2.37 -0.52 0.88
88 Mexico 2.89 1.27 -1.62 120.85
89 British Virgin Islands 2.86 2.05 -0.81 0.03

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
90 Costa Rica 2.84 1.53 -1.31 4.8
91 Ukraine 2.84 2.27 -0.58 45.53
92 Iran 2.79 0.9 -1.89 76.42
93 Panama 2.79 2.94 0.15 3.8
94 Samoa 2.77 1.93 -0.85 0.19
95 Romania 2.71 2.32 -0.39 21.76
96 Serbia 2.7 1.25 -1.44 9.55
97 Tonga 2.7 1.48 -1.22 0.1
98 Thailand 2.66 1.24 -1.42 66.78
99 Dominica 2.57 1.03 -1.54 0.07
100 Mauritania 2.54 4.48 1.93 3.8
101 Cape Verde 2.52 0.62 -1.9 0.49
102 Namibia 2.48 6.88 4.4 2.26
103 Saint Lucia 2.45 0.34 -2.1 0.18
104 French Guiana 2.34 111.35 109.01 0.24
105 Tunisia 2.34 0.93 -1.4 10.88
106 Uzbekistan 2.32 0.92 -1.4 28.54

107 Azerbaijan 2.31 0.85 -1.46 9.31
108 Peru 2.28 3.97 1.69 29.99
109 Armenia 2.23 0.89 -1.35 2.97
110 Albania 2.21 1.18 -1.03 3.16
111 Djibouti 2.19 0.77 -1.42 0.86
112 Ecuador 2.17 2.2 0.03 15.49
113 Egypt 2.15 0.56 -1.59 80.72
114 Algeria 2.12 0.59 -1.53 38.48
115 Jordan 2.1 0.21 -1.89 7.01
116 Martinique 2.08 0.39 -1.7 0.4
117 El Salvador 2.07 0.61 -1.46 6.3
118 Wallis and Futuna 2.07 1.51 -0.56 0.01
119 Gabon 2.02 26.31 24.29 1.63

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
120 Swaziland 2.01 0.88 -1.14 1.23
121 Ghana 1.97 1.35 -0.62 25.37
122 Cuba 1.95 0.76 -1.19 11.27
123 Kyrgyzstan 1.91 1.3 -0.61 5.47
124 Papua New Guinea 1.91 3.92 2.01 7.17
125 Guatemala 1.89 0.99 -0.9 15.08
126 Jamaica 1.89 0.43 -1.46 2.77
127 Iraq 1.88 0.29 -1.59 32.78
128 Colombia 1.87 3.6 1.72 47.7
129 Moldova 1.78 0.8 -0.98 3.51
130 Honduras 1.68 1.77 0.09 7.94
131 Morocco 1.68 0.71 -0.96 32.52
132 Lesotho 1.66 0.78 -0.87 2.05
133 Vietnam 1.65 1 -0.65 90.8
134 Georgia 1.58 1.17 -0.41 4.36
135 Indonesia 1.58 1.26 -0.32 246.86
136 Niger 1.56 1.24 -0.32 17.16
137 Dominican Republic 1.53 0.56 -0.97 10.28
138 Guinea-Bissau 1.53 3.03 1.49 1.66
139 Mali 1.53 1.58 0.05 14.85
140 Syria 1.51 0.6 -0.91 21.89
141 Sao Tome and Principe 1.49 0.87 -0.61 0.19
142 Chad 1.46 2.03 0.57 12.45
143 Myanmar 1.43 1.84 0.41 52.8
144 Benin 1.41 0.88 -0.53 10.05
145 Guinea 1.41 2.09 0.68 11.45
146 Nicaragua 1.39 2.25 0.87 5.99
147 Zimbabwe 1.37 0.62 -0.75 13.72

148 Sri Lanka 1.32 0.44 -0.88 21.1
149 Tanzania 1.32 1.08 -0.24 47.78

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
150 Congo 1.29 10.91 9.63 4.34
151 Solomon Islands 1.29 4.36 3.08 0.55
152 Côte d'Ivoire 1.27 1.78 0.51 19.84
153 Central African 1.24 7.87 6.62 4.53

Republic
154 Sierra Leone 1.24 1.24 0 5.98
155 Somalia 1.24 1.27 0.03 10.2
156 Uganda 1.24 0.59 -0.66 36.35
157 Laos 1.22 1.62 0.4 6.65
158 Burkina Faso 1.21 0.98 -0.22 16.46
159 Cambodia 1.21 1.09 -0.11 14.86
160 Liberia 1.21 2.57 1.35 4.19
161 Senegal 1.21 1.05 -0.16 13.73
162 Cameroon 1.17 1.69 0.52 21.7
163 North Korea 1.17 0.6 -0.57 24.76
164 India 1.16 0.45 -0.71 1236.69
165 Nigeria 1.16 0.7 -0.47 168.83
166 Togo 1.13 0.53 -0.6 6.64
167 Philippines 1.1 0.54 -0.56 96.71
168 Comoros 1.03 0.32 -0.7 0.72
169 Gambia 1.03 0.82 -0.21 1.79
170 Kenya 1.03 0.51 -0.52 43.18
171 Yemen 1.03 0.5 -0.53 23.85
172 Ethiopia 1.02 0.58 -0.44 91.73
173 Madagascar 0.99 2.63 1.64 22.29
174 Zambia 0.99 2.23 1.24 14.08
175 0.98 0.59 -0.38 27.47

Nepal
176 Angola 0.93 2.55 1.61 20.82
177 Tajikistan 0.91 0.53 -0.38 8.01
178 Mozambique 0.87 2.06 1.19 25.2

Biocapacity
(gha/person)
179 Rwanda 0.87 0.54 -0.32 11.46
180 Congo, Democratic 0.82 3.07 2.25 65.7

Republic of the
181 Malawi 0.81 0.66 -0.15 15.91
182 Burundi 0.8 0.32 -0.48 9.85
183 Afghanistan 0.79 0.5 -0.3 29.82
184 Pakistan 0.79 0.35 -0.44 179.16
185 Bangladesh 0.72 0.38 -0.35 154.7
186 Haiti 0.61 0.27 -0.34 10.17
187 Timor-Leste 0.48 1.78 1.3 1.11
188 Eritrea 0.49 1.3 0.88 6.13

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Per Capita Ecological Footprint per Country

National ecological surplus or deficit, measured as a country's biocapacity per person

2 Aruba 11.88 0.57 -11.31 0.1

3 Qatar 10.8 1.24 -9.56 2.05

5 United States 8.22 3.76 -4.46 317.5

7 Kuwait 8.13 0.55 -7.58 3.25

8 Singapore 7.97 0.05 -7.92 5.3

9 United Kingdom 7.93 0.56 -7.37 65.648

10 Trinidad and Tobago 7.92 1.56 -6.36 1.34

11 Montserrat 7.78 1.36 -6.42 0.005

13 Bahrain 7.49 0.58 -6.91 1.32

14 Belgium 7.44 1.19 -6.25 11.06

15 Sweden 7.25 10.62 3.38 9.51

16 Estonia 6.86 10.53 3.67 1.29

17 Bahamas 6.84 9.55 2.71 0.37

19 Israel 6.22 0.35 -5.87 7.64

20 Mongolia 6.08 15.66 9.58 2.8

21 Austria 6.06 3.07 -3 8.46

22 Finland 5.87 13.44 7.57 5.41

23 Lithuania 5.83 5.67 -0.17 3.03

24 Slovenia 5.81 2.35 -3.47 2.07

25 Switzerland 5.79 1.3 -4.48 8

26 Bermuda 5.77 0.13 -5.64 0.06

27 South Korea 5.69 0.68 -5.01 49

28 Russia 5.69 6.79 1.1 143.17

29 Cayman Islands 5.65 0.32 -5.33 0.06

30 Saudi Arabia 5.61 0.5 -5.12 28.29

31 New Zealand 5.6 10.14 4.54 4.46

33 Kazakhstan 5.55 3.41 -2.14 16.27

34 Denmark 5.51 4.78 -0.73 5.6

35 Turkmenistan 5.47 2.79 -2.68 5.17

36 Antigua and Barbuda 5.38 0.94 -4.44 0.09

37 Germany 5.3 2.27 -3.02 82.8

38 Netherlands 5.28 1.17 -4.11 16.71

39 Czech Republic 5.19 2.46 -2.73 10.66

40 France 5.14 3.11 -2.04 63.98

41 Belarus 5.09 3.64 -1.45 9.4

42 Japan 5.02 0.72 -4.3 127.25

43 Norway 4.98 8.18 3.19 4.99

44 Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.94 0.62 -4.31 0.05

45 United Arab Emirates 4.94 1.32 -3.62 6.30

46 Bhutan 4.84 5.27 0.43 0.74

47 French Polynesia 4.73 1.37 -3.36 0.27

48 Italy 4.61 1.08 -3.53 60.92

49 Barbados 4.48 0.19 -4.29 0.28

50 Poland 4.44 2.08 -2.36 38.21

51 Greece 4.38 1.61 -2.77 11.12

52 Chile 4.36 3.63 -0.73 17.46

53 Suriname 4.25 89.33 85.08 0.54

54 Cyprus 4.21 0.34 -3.87 1.13

55 Paraguay 4.16 10.52 6.36 6.69

56 Brunei 4.06 2.87 -1.19 0.41

57 Slovakia 4.06 2.71 -1.35 5.45

58 Equatorial Guinea 3.97 4.4 0.44 0.74

59 Croatia 3.92 2.8 -1.12 4.31

60 Portugal 3.88 1.51 -2.37 10.6

61 Lebanon 3.84 0.33 -3.51 4.65

62 Botswana 3.83 3.47 -0.35 2.00

63 Montenegro 3.78 3.24 -0.54 0.62