Arduinoprogrammingr1 150417185248 Conversion Gate02

Arduino Programming
(C) 2014 James Lewis

[email protected]
1
Arduino Langauge
C++ C++ C++
“Arduino”
Libs Libs Libs
C / C++
(Readable Code)
Assembly
(Readable Code)
Machine Language
(Binary Code)
2
Arduino Langauge
C++ C++ C++
“Arduino”
Libs Libs Libs
C / C++
(Readable Code)
Assembly
(Readable Code)
Machine Language
(Binary Code)
3
Hello World (Blink)
4
Hello World (Blink)
Variable
5
Hello World (Blink)
Comments
6
Hello World (Blink)
Comments
Good Comment:
// Blue LED for Activity Indicator
Bad Comment:
// Pin 13
7
Hello World (Blink)
Functions
8
Hello World (Blink)
Functions
9
Hello World (Blink)
Instruction
10
Hello World (Blink)
Instruction
11
Hello World (Blink)
Function Call
12
Hello World (Blink)
Arguments
13
Hello World (Blink)
14
IDE Tools Menu
15
IDE Tools Menu
16
IDE Tools Menu
17
IDE Tools Menu
18
Arduino IDE
Type Stuff Here
Compiler Output
19
Arduino IDE
Serial Monitor
Type Stuff Here
Compiler Output
20
Arduino IDE
Verify & Upload Serial Monitor
Type Stuff Here
Compiler Output
21
Arduino IDE
Verify & Upload Serial Monitor
Type Stuff Here
Compiler Output
Board & Serial Port

22
Blink Exercise
• Load the Blink Example and

program it to your board 
• Change the values of delay()

to see how it affects the
behavior
Check the correct board and serial port are selected in the tools menu!
23
Hello World
Serial Example
24
Serial objects
25
Serial objects
Enables Serial
Baud
Rate
26
Serial objects
Print
and Println
Variables
Strings
Control Characters
27
Serial objects
Print
and Println
Variables
Strings
Control Characters
NOTE: Strings and Variables28Can’t be used on the same line

Hello World (Serial)
• Load up the serial code to the
right 
• Exercise:
• Change the 2000 in delay

into a variable.
• Print value of variable on

same line as “Hello World”
29
Variables
30
How Much Memory is
in your Arduino?
31
Variable Types
Bits Unsigned Range Signed Range
byte 8 0 to 255 N/A
0 to 255
char 8 ‘A’..’b’..’X’
N/A
int 16 0 to 65535 -32,767 to 32,766
-2,147,483,648 to
long 32 0 to 4,294,967,295
2,147,483,647
float 32 ±3.4028235E+38 n/a
double 32 n/a n/a
32
Variable Do and Don’t
• DO Use Descriptive Names
• “BlueLED”, “ActivityIndicator”
• DON’T Use Bad Names
• “Integer”, “Pin13”
• DO Stick to a naming convention
• Variables are Case Sensitive!
• DON’T use same name for Local and Global Variables
33
Variable Scope
34
Variable Scope
Global
35
Variable Scope
Global
Local to loop()
36
Variable Don’t!
37
Variable Don’t!
38
Variable Don’t!
39
arrays
0 1 2 3 4 5
analogReadings[]
40
arrays
0 1 2 3 4 5
analogReadings[]
Size
Elements
41
arrays
0 1 2 3 4 5
analogReadings[]
Size arrays are  

0-index based.  
So last element 
is always  
“1 less” 
than the size!
Elements
42
Pin Functions
43
pinMode()
Analog Digital
(A0..A5) (0..13)
Digital Input, Digital Input,

INPUT
Pull-Up Off Pull-Up Off
Digital Input, Digital Input,

INPUT_PULLUP
Pull-Up On Pull-Up On
OUTPUT Digital Output Digital Output
Analog Pins can be used as Digital Pins

pinMode(INPUT, Ax) isn’t necessary for analogRead()
44
digitalRead() & digitalWrite()
45
Pull-Up Resistor
INPUTs almost always need a Pull-Up or Pull-Down

pinMode(INPUT_PULLUP) Turns on the Internal Pull-Up Resistor
http://www.baldengineer.com/tutorials/arduino-pull-ups/
46
I/O Exercise
• Objective: Understand Inputs

and Outputs 
• Exercise: “Fix” the random

LED
47
analogRead()
Analog Digital
Convert
Signal Value
Voltage 10-bits, stored as 8-bits
0v to 5v Values 0 to 1023
5 volts
= 4.887mV per Step
1023 Steps
Calling analogRead() on an Analog Pin,

automatically converts to Input
48
analogWrite()
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Actual Analog
analogWrite() isn’t Analog (Except on the Due)

Uno Pins: 493, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11
Analog Exercise
• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0 

Run this code 
• Then, disconnect from Pin 6  

While Running the Code
Remember to open the Serial Monitor! 50

Analog Exercise
• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0 

Run this code 
• Then, disconnect from Pin 6  

While Running the Code
Remember to open the Serial Monitor! 51

A0, A1, A2..A5 are integers!
functions()
52
Functions
Getting Data Back
Functions
Getting Data Back
Tip: The Arduino IDE, doesn’t require “prototyping”

Functions
Getting Data Back
Arguments
Function Name
Return Type
“Return”
Functions
Returning Nothing
Return Type
If the function doesn’t return anything, declare it as void
56
Function Exercise
• “Re-Write” the built-in Blink

Example to use a Function
• Exercise: add a “argument” to

adjust the delay time
57
Control Structures
58
if-statements
59
if-statements
60
if-statements
61
if-statements
62
control operators
== Equal to || OR
>  Greater than

&& AND
>= (or equal)
< Less Than

| Bitwise OR
<= (or equal)
!= Not Equal to & Bitwise AND
63
#1 if-statement mistake
64
#1 if-statement mistake
= != ==
65
for() loop example
66
for() loop
67
for() loop
Control Variable
68
for() loop
Control Variable
Condition
69
for() loop
Increment
Control Variable
Condition
70
Array and For Exercise
• Use an Array and two for-

loops to read analog inputs,
then display then 
• Notice the difference in

brackets between the two
loops
71
while() loop
72
while() loop
Condition
73
while() loop
Condition
Loop conditions are same as “if conditions”

74
while() and Serial
• This program echoes

whatever is on the serial buffer
back out
75
More information? 
Visit 
baldengineer.com
76

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Arduino Programming

(C) 2014 James Lewis

Type Stuff Here

Type Stuff Here

Type Stuff Here

Type Stuff Here

Board & Serial Port

• Load the Blink Example and

• Change the values of delay()

NOTE: Strings and Variables28Can’t be used on the same line

• Change the 2000 in delay

• Print value of variable on

byte 8 0 to 255 N/A

int 16 0 to 65535 -32,767 to 32,766

float 32 ±3.4028235E+38 n/a

double 32 n/a n/a

• DON’T Use Bad Names

• DO Stick to a naming convention

• Variables are Case Sensitive!

• DON’T use same name for Local and Global Variables

Size arrays are

Digital Input, Digital Input,

Digital Input, Digital Input,

OUTPUT Digital Output Digital Output

Analog Pins can be used as Digital Pins

INPUTs almost always need a Pull-Up or Pull-Down

• Objective: Understand Inputs

• Exercise: “Fix” the random

Voltage 10-bits, stored as 8-bits

Calling analogRead() on an Analog Pin,

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Actual Analog

analogWrite() isn’t Analog (Except on the Due)

• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0

• Then, disconnect from Pin 6

Remember to open the Serial Monitor! 50

• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0

• Then, disconnect from Pin 6

Remember to open the Serial Monitor! 51

Tip: The Arduino IDE, doesn’t require “prototyping”

If the function doesn’t return anything, declare it as void

• “Re-Write” the built-in Blink

• Exercise: add a “argument” to

> Greater than

< Less Than

!= Not Equal to & Bitwise AND

• Use an Array and two for-

• Notice the difference in

Loop conditions are same as “if conditions”

• This program echoes

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Size arrays are  

• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0 

• Then, disconnect from Pin 6  

• Connect Pin 6 to Analog 0 

• Then, disconnect from Pin 6  

>  Greater than