Steady State La Minar Flame Let Model and Open Foam

Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model
OpenFOAM®
(Implementation)
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)

Extension for turbulent flow fields
Implementation of a new solver and thermodynamic library
Validation with a freestream flame
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
laminar flow field
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
stagnation point
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
combustion zone
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
combustion zone
prefered in stochiometric zones
Ideal combustion (products are only H2O and CO2)
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
oxigen fuel
H2O φ
CH4
O2
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
mixture fraction
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
.
mF
Z . .
; 0  Z 1
mF  mO
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
.
mF
Z . .
; 0  Z 1
mF  mO
φ φ
nozzle distance 0 mixture fraction Z 1
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Equations
temperature equation species mass fraction equation
  2T n
  2Yi
   hi i  0    i  0
2 Z 2
i 1 2 Z 2
0 mixture fraction Z 1
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
Derivate the flamelet equations
global temperature equation global species mass fraction equation
T  N
Dp Yk  Y   Y 
c p  c p u T   hk  k  ...   u k   k   D k 
t k 1 Dt t xi xi  xi 
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
Derivate the flamelet equations
global temperature equation global species mass fraction equation
T  N
Dp Yk  Y   Y 
c p  c p u T   hk  k  ...   u k   k   D k 
t k 1 Dt t xi xi  xi 
flamelet transformation rules
 Z 

xi xi Z
 Z  
 
t t Z 
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
The Laminar Flamelet Equations
T   2T n Yi   2Yi
   hi i    i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
T   2T n Yi   2Yi
   hi i    i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Solve the Eqn
for one defined scalar dissipation rate 
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
T   2T n Yi   2Yi
   hi i    i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Solve the Eqn

for 1e5 seconds  steady state
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
T   2T n Yi   2Yi
   hi i    i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Solve the Eqn

Temperature is a function of Z
Mass fraction is a function of Z
Thermodynamic variables are a function of Z
Combustion Research
Flamelet Equations
T   2T n Yi   2Yi
   hi i    i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Solve the Eqn

solving x times for different scalar dissipation rates
for one defined scalar dissipation rate
repeat Temperature is a function of Z

Mass fraction is a function of Z
Thermodynamic variables are a function of Z
Combustion Research
Requirements
Solving the flamelet equations require:
detailed chemical mechanism (grimech)
ADIABATIC CONDITIONS
thermodynamic properties (NASA polynomials)
molar heat capacity

enthalpy
entropy
Transport properties
Scalar dissipation rates
Solving for 1e5 seconds to reach steady state conditions
Combustion Research
Flamelet-Shelves (Adiabatic Conditions)
thermodynamic properties chemical mechanism transport properties
n solve flamelet equations
flamelet 1 flamelet 2 flamelet 3 flamelet 4 flamelet n
chemical equilibrium 1  0
Combustion Research
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Dependency | Adiabatic
Combustion Research
Dependency | Adiabatic
Steady-State Laminar Flamelets
  f (Z ,  )
Combustion Research
Reynolds-Average | Adiabatic
  f (Z ,  )
  fs ( ,  ' )
Z  f s (Z , Z ' )
fs statistical function
Combustion Research
  f (Z ,  )
  fs ( ,  ' )
Z  f s (Z , Z ' )
  f (Z , Z ' ,  ,  ' )
Combustion Research
  f (Z ,  )
  fs ( ,  ' )
Z  f s (Z , Z ' )
  f (Z , Z ' ,  ,  ' )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
P ()probability distribution function
Combustion Research
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
     (Z ,  )
P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
 
P(Z ) P( )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
Combustion Research
     (Z ,  )
P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
 
P(Z ) P( )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
Probability distribution function for mixture fraction Z
β - PDF
~ Z  1 (1  Z )  1
P (Z ) 

 1  1
Z (1  Z ) dZ
Combustion Research
     (Z ,  )
P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
 
P(Z ) P( )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
Probability distribution function for mixture fraction Z
~ ~
β - PDF ~ (1  Z ) Z 
  Z  ~  1
 Z' 
~ Z  1 (1  Z )  1
P (Z )  ~ ~
~  (1  Z ) Z 
   (1  Z ) ~  1
 1  1
Z (1  Z ) dZ
 Z' 
Combustion Research
     (Z ,  )
P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
 
P(Z ) P( )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
Probability distribution function for scalar dissipation rate
Log-Normal-Function
~ 1 1  1     2 2
P( )   exp  2  ln ~   
2   2   2  
Combustion Research
     (Z ,  )
P ( Z ,  ) dZ d
 
P(Z ) P( )
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
Probability distribution function for scalar dissipation rate
Log-Normal-Function
~ 1 1  1     2 2
P( )   exp   ln ~ 
2 
 
2   2   2  
~ '  ~ 2 [exp( 2 )  2]
Combustion Research
Summarize
 1
~ ~ ~
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
0 0
Combustion Research
Summarize
 1
~ ~ ~
     ( Z ,  ) P ( Z ) P (  ) dZ d
0 0
Log-Normal-Function
β-PDF
flamelet shelves
Combustion Research
Normalized Varianz | Adiabatic
PDF-functions
Combustion Research
Normalized Varianz | Adiabatic
PDF-functions
normalized
Combustion Research
Non-Adiabatic Systems
Steady-State Laminar Flamelets for non adiabatic systems
  f (Z ,  ,  )
Combustion Research
  f (Z ,  ,  )
enthalpy defect
~
~
  H  HO  Z H F  HO 
~ ~ ~

additional source term in flamelet temperatur equation
Combustion Research
  f (Z ,  ,  )
enthalpy defect
~
~
  H  HO  Z H F  HO 
~ ~ ~

additional source term in flamelet temperatur equation
Probability distribution function for enthalpy defect
δ - function
~ ~
P ( )   (   )
Combustion Research
PDF-functions – Favre
Summarize for non adiabatic systems

 1
~ ~ ~ ~
      (Z ,  ,  ) P (Z ) P (  ) P ( ) dZ d d
 0 0
Combustion Research
PDF-functions – Favre
Summarize for non adiabatic systems

 1
~ ~ ~ ~
      (Z ,  ,  ) P (Z ) P (  ) P ( ) dZ d d
 0 0
Delta-Function
Log-Normal-Function
β-PDF
flamelet shelves
Combustion Research
Boundary conditions
Extension to turbulent flows require:
High Da-number (Darmköhler)
ratio between turbulent and chemical length scale
t
Da 
c
Combustion Research
Boundary conditions
Extension to turbulent flows require:
High Da-number (Darmköhler)
ratio between turbulent and chemical length scale
t
Da 
Kolmogorov-vortex
c
flame front
Z  Z st
Combustion Research
OpenFOAM®
Combustion Research
OpenFOAM®
derivated from rhoSimpelFoam

flameletSimpleFoam
enthalpy (for non adiabatic conditions)

 ~  ~
~
u  H   t H   QR
t 
scalar dissipation rate
~ ~ ~
  C ~ Z '
k
mixture fraction
 ~   ~
~
 u  Z   t Z 
t 
varianz of mixture fraction
~ ~
 
 ~  ~ ~ 2
 ~u  Z'   t Z '   C g t Z '  Cd  ~ Z'
t  k
Combustion Research
OpenFOAM®
derivated from rhoSimpelFoam

flameletSimpleFoam
enthalpy (for non adiabatic conditions)

 ~  ~
 ~u  H   t H   QR
t  flameletThermo
scalar dissipation rate
~ ~ ~
  C ~ Z '
k
area weighted interpolation
mixture fraction
thermodynamic data are provided
 ~   ~
~
 u  Z   t Z  by the flamelet libraries
t 
varianz of mixture fraction
~ ~
 
 ~  ~ ~ 2 flamelet Library
 ~u  Z'   t Z '   C g t Z '  Cd  ~ Z'
t  k
Combustion Research
Area Weighted Interpolation
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
Validation with a COH2N2 free stream flame
turbulence model kEpsilon

Non-Adiabatic System
2D – rotation symmetric mesh
flameletSimpleFoam
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
temperature velocity species O2 mixture fraction
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mixture fraction in centerline temperature in centerline
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction O2 in centerline mass fraction CO2 in centerline
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction H2O in centerline mass fraction OH in centerline
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction H2 in centerline velocity in centerline
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mixture fraction in r/d = 40 temperature in r/d = 40
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction O2 in r/d = 40 mass fraction CO2 in r/d = 40
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction H2O in r/d = 40 mass fraction OH in r/d = 40
Combustion Research
SANDIA Laboratories
mass fraction H2 in r/d = 40 velocity in r/d = 40
Combustion Research
Holzmann-cfd
Summarize
Steady-State Flamelet Model is very accurate (freestream flames)
Simplification of the combustion simulation (flow field)
Generated detailed chemical databases can be used again
Probability-Distribution-Functions allow to use laminar flamelets in turbulent flow fields
Combustion Research
Holzmann-cfd
Further development
Split hard coded stuff into fvOptions
Build an own flamelet generator to exchange the binaries
Checking if radiation models in the standard OF libraries can be used
Radiation model just in freestream flames
Validation with swirled and bluff body flames
Investigate more time into PISO algorithm
Extend to ULFM (Unsteady Laminar Flamelet Model)
Combustion Research

Steady State La Minar Flame Let Model and Open Foam

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Steady State La Minar Flame Let Model and Open Foam

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Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model

Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)

laminar flow field

prefered in stochiometric zones

Ideal combustion (products are only H2O and CO2)

nozzle distance 0 mixture fraction Z 1

Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

Derivate the flamelet equations

global temperature equation global species mass fraction equation

Derivate the flamelet equations

global temperature equation global species mass fraction equation

flamelet transformation rules

The Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

The Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

Solve the Eqn

for one defined scalar dissipation rate 

The Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

Solve the Eqn

for one defined scalar dissipation rate 

The Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

Solve the Eqn

for one defined scalar dissipation rate 

The Laminar Flamelet Equations

temperature equation species mass fraction equation

Solve the Eqn

for 1e5 seconds  steady state

repeat Temperature is a function of Z

Solving the flamelet equations require:

detailed chemical mechanism (grimech)

molar heat capacity

thermodynamic properties chemical mechanism transport properties

n solve flamelet equations

flamelet 1 flamelet 2 flamelet 3 flamelet 4 flamelet n

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets

Probability distribution function for mixture fraction Z

Probability distribution function for mixture fraction Z

Probability distribution function for scalar dissipation rate

Probability distribution function for scalar dissipation rate

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets for non adiabatic systems

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets for non adiabatic systems

Steady-State Laminar Flamelets for non adiabatic systems

Probability distribution function for enthalpy defect

Summarize for non adiabatic systems

Summarize for non adiabatic systems

Extension to turbulent flows require:

High Da-number (Darmköhler)

ratio between turbulent and chemical length scale

Extension to turbulent flows require:

High Da-number (Darmköhler)

ratio between turbulent and chemical length scale

derivated from rhoSimpelFoam