1.

CHECK SHEET
2.HISTOGRAM
3.PARETO ANALYSIS
4.CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM
5.STRATIFICATION
6.SCATTER DIAGRAM
7.CONTROL CHARTS

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Check sheets are used for collecting or gathering data in a logical format. The data
collected can be used in constructing a control chart;Pareto diagram; or Histrogram.
The purpose of Check sheet is to enable the user(s) to gather and organize data in a
format that permits efficient and easy analysis.

Check sheet for Wedge hardness

Range Tally Marks Frequency

169<183 7
183<197 8
197<211 7
211<225 7
225<239 27
239<253 12
253<267 6
267<281 1

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Pareto Analysis is a tool used to identify and prioritize problems for solution.
Pareto focused attention on the concept of “the vital few versus the trivial many.” The vital
few are few factors accounting for the largest part (percentage) of a total.The trivial many
are the myriad of factors that account for the small remainder.

PARETO ANALYSIS MACHINE SCRAP

OCTOBER,2003
18.06%

100.00%
99.91%
99.14%
99.48%
99.76%
98.60%
97.44%
98.02%
96.73%
95.95%
95.09%
20.00% 100.00%

94.07%
92.73%
13.31%

90.88%
88.89%
86.79%
18.00% 84.23% 90.00%
11.69%

81.20%
43.05%11.00%

5.04%76.16%

COMMULATIVE%AGE
16.00% 80.00%
%.52%

14.00% 70.00%
%
.06%
SCRAP%AGE

%
.68%

12.00% 60.00%
71.84
7.79

69
6.63

10.00% 50.00%
54
31.37%

3.03%

8.00% 40.00%
2.55%
2.10%
1.99%
1.85%
1.35%
18.06%

1.01%
0.87%
0.78%
6.00% 30.00%

0.71%
0.58%
0.58%
0.54%
0.34%
0.28%
0.15%
OTHERS 0.09%
4.00% 20.00%
2.00% 10.00%
0.00% 0.00%
PIN HOLE OFF-SET
P.H.UNCLEAR/FINISH

COMPRESSION
PIN HOLE

PIN HOLE DIA

CRACKS

WALL THICKNESS

CAVITY
STEP ON GR.
DEBURRING/
OIL HOLE

SURFACE

PARAMETERS

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Stratification is a procedure used to describe the systematic subdivision of population or
process data to obtain a detailed understanding of the structure of the population or
process.
Stratification can be used to break down a problem to discover its root causes and set
into motion appropriate corrective action, called countermeasures.
SCENE 1
50 pieces
M/c 1 90 ok
production
Total 100
pieces Inspection
M/c 2 50 pieces
production 10 NG

SCENE 2 40 ok
50 pieces Inspection
M/c 1
production
10 NG
M/c 2 50 pieces
production Inspection 90 ok

What is difference between Scene 1 and 2 ? www.intminds.in

 The cause-and-effect Diagram is a structured problem-solving technique that facilitates to connect
the results (characteristics or effects) and the possible causes (factors) in a systematic manner.
MAN MACHINE MEASUREMENT

IMPROPER SETTING OF BRASS ON

WORKER SKILL PLAY IN SPINDLE THAT OF CAM
RATIO OF CAM IS
LOOSE BELT NOT PROPER
IMPROPER LEVELING
IMPROPER WEIGHT WHEN
DIAMOND BLUNT
GRAVITY LOAD IS APPLIED
WORKER FATIQUE VIBRATIONS IMPROPER INSTRUMENT
TRAINING PLAY IN TOOL HOLDER SETTING
IMPROPER COPING SLIDE
WORKER EDUCATION PRESSING INSTRUMENT NOT
IMPROPER SETTING OF BEARING OF COMPARED
WORKER COGNIZANCE COPYING SLIDE
SKIRT SIZE

IMPROPER LIGHTNING IMPROPER FIXTURE SEAT

CENTER RUN OUT OF HEADSTOCK AND TAIL
MORE OVALITY STOCK
CENTER DAMAGE
TAPER IN F.SEAT
IMPROPER ALIGNMENT
SOFT MATERIAL FIXTURE RUN OUT FROM
FACE & OUTER DIA CONCENTRICITY NOT O.K.

IMPROPER CENTER GEOMETRY

CHANGE IN TEMP. FEED SPEED
COMBINATION

ENVIRONMENT MATERIAL www.intminds.in METHOD

•To visually understand the general
tendency of distribution.
•To know approximate data mean.
•To know process variation
•To compare process variation with
tolerance.

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A Scatter diagram is a graph of points that represent two different variables (or factors) we think
might possibly be related.One variable affects the right-to-left location of the point while the other
represents the Top-to-bottom location.If we plot many points in this fashion, we develop a ‘picture’
of how the variables related to each other.When one variable is increased,decreased or showing no
particular pattern. We can often use these results to either eliminate or decide to further investigate
a given variable.

Y Y Y

X X X

Strong positive correlation Strong negative correlation No correlation

Y Y

X X
Weak positive correlation Weak negative correlation www.intminds.in
Control charts are statistical tools used to analyse and understand process variables, to determine a
process’s capability to perform with respect to those variables and to monitor the effect of those
variables on the difference between customer(either internal and/or external) needs and process
performance.Control charts are used to understand the sources of variations in a process,and hence
to manipulate and control those sources to decrease the difference between customer needs and
process performance.

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