Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

Assignment No.2
Title: Computer program for stress analysis of 2-D truss subjected to plane forces.

Aim: To perform displacement and stress analysis for the given 2D truss using MATLAB and
analytical expressions.

Problem Description:

For the Truss shown in Figure No.1 find the displacement of nodes, support reactions and
elemental stresses. Assume young modulus for truss material, E=210GPa and cross section
of each member is, A= 10*10^4 mm2. Also, solve the above truss problem using ANSYS to
validate the results.

`
Figure 1.1: 2D truss
Node Nos. x-coordinate (m) Y-coordinate (m)
1 0 0
2 1500 0
3 3000 0
4 2250 1250
5 750 1250

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

MATLAB Program for 2-D Truss

%7-member truss practical assignment%
clc;
clear all;

E = 210*10^3;
A = 10*10^4;

L1 = ElementLength(0,0,1500,0)
L2 = ElementLength(1500,0,3000,0)
L3 = ElementLength(3000,0,2250,1250)
L4 = ElementLength(2250,1250,1500,0)
L5 = ElementLength(2250,1250,750,1250)
L6 = ElementLength(750,1250,1500,0)
L7 = ElementLength(750,1250,0,0)

theta1 = 0;
theta2 = 0;
theta3 = pi-tan(1250/750);
theta4 = tan(1250/750);
theta5 = 0;
theta6 = pi -tan(1250/750);
theta7 = tan(1250/750);

%Element Stiffness Matrices

K1 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L1,theta1)
K2 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L2,theta2)
K3 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L3,theta3)
K4 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L4,theta4)
K5 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L5,theta5)
K6 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L6,theta6)
K7 = ElementStiffness(E,A,L7,theta7)

kk1=zeros(10,10);
kk2=zeros(10,10);
kk3=zeros(10,10);
kk4=zeros(10,10);
kk5=zeros(10,10);
kk6=zeros(10,10);
kk7=zeros(10,10);

x=1;
kk1=make10by10(x,K1);
x=2;
kk2=make10by10(x,K2);
x=3;
kk3=make10by10(x,K3);
x=4;
kk4=make10by10(x,K4);
x=5;
kk5=make10by10(x,K5);
x=6;
kk6=make10by10(x,K6);
x=7;
kk7=make10by10(x,K7);

Kg=kk1+kk2+kk3+kk4+kk5+kk6+kk7

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

% Boundary Conditions
Kr=[Kg(3,3) Kg(3,4) Kg(3,5) Kg(3,7) Kg(3,8) Kg(3,9) Kg(3,10);
Kg(4,3) Kg(4,4) Kg(4,5) Kg(4,7) Kg(4,8) Kg(4,9) Kg(4,10);
Kg(5,3) Kg(5,4) Kg(5,5) Kg(5,7) Kg(5,8) Kg(5,9) Kg(5,10);
Kg(7,3) Kg(7,4) Kg(7,5) Kg(7,7) Kg(7,8) Kg(7,9) Kg(7,10);
Kg(8,3) Kg(8,4) Kg(8,5) Kg(8,7) Kg(8,8) Kg(8,9) Kg(8,10);
Kg(9,3) Kg(9,4) Kg(9,5) Kg(9,7) Kg(9,8) Kg(9,9) Kg(9,10);
Kg(10,3) Kg(10,4) Kg(10,5) Kg(10,7) Kg(10,8) Kg(10,9) Kg(10,10)]

%Force Vector
F=[0;-8000;0;0;-5000;0;-10000];

%Displacement Vector
u=Kr\F

%Global Displacement Vector

U=[0;0;u(1,1);u(2,1);u(3,1);0;u(4,1);u(5,1);u(6,1);u(7,1)]

%Support Reaction
F=Kg*U
%Local Displacement Vectors
u1=U(1:4);
u2=U(3:6);
u3=U(5:8);
u4=[U(3,1);U(4,1);U(7,1);U(8,1)];
u5=U(7:10);
u6=[U(3,1);U(4,1);U(9,1);U(10,1)];
u7=[U(1,1);U(2,1);U(9,1);U(10,1)];

%Element Stresses
sigma1=ElementStress(E,L1,theta1,u1)
sigma2=ElementStress(E,L2,theta2,u2)
sigma3=ElementStress(E,L3,theta3,u3)
sigma4=ElementStress(E,L3,theta4,u4)
sigma5=ElementStress(E,L4,theta5,u5)
sigma6=ElementStress(E,L5,theta6,u6)
sigma7=ElementStress(E,L7,theta7,u7)

%Functions%
1. Element length
function [y] = ElementLength(x1,y1,x2,y2)
y = sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2);
end

2. Element stiffness
function [y] = ElementStiffness(E,A,L,theta)
c = cos(theta);
s = sin(theta);
y = ((E*A)/L)*[c*c c*s -c*c -c*s; c*s s*s -c*s -s*s; -c*c -c*s c*c c*s; -c*s -s*s c*s s*s];
end

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

3. Makek10by10
function [y] = make10by10(x,K)
if (x==1)
i=1;j=2;m=3;n=4;
else
if (x==2)
i=3;j=4;m=5;n=6;
else
if (x==3)
i=5;j=6;m=7;n=8;
else
if (x==4)
i=3;j=4;m=7;n=8;
else
if (x==5)
i=7;j=8;m=9;n=10;
else
if (x==6)
i=3;j=4;m=9;n=10;
else
i=1;j=2;m=9;n=10;
end
end
end
end
end
end
kk=zeros(10,10);
kk(i,i)=K(1,1);
kk(i,j)=K(1,2);
kk(i,m)=K(1,3);
kk(i,n)=K(1,4);
kk(j,i)=K(2,1);
kk(j,j)=K(2,2);
kk(j,m)=K(2,3);
kk(j,n)=K(2,4);
kk(m,i)=K(3,1);
kk(m,j)=K(3,2);
kk(m,m)=K(3,3);
kk(m,n)=K(3,4);
kk(n,i)=K(4,1);
kk(n,j)=K(4,2);
kk(n,m)=K(4,3);
kk(n,n)=K(4,4);
y=kk;
end

4. Element Stress
function [y] = ElementStress(E,L,theta,u)
C=cos(theta);
S=sin(theta);
y=(E/L)*[-C -S C S]*u;
end

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

OUTPUT
E = 2.1000e+11
A = 1.0000e-03
L1 = 1500
L2 = 1500
L3 = 1.4577e+03
L4 = 1.4577e+03
L5 = 1500
L6 = 1.4577e+03
L7 = 1.4577e+03

K1 =

14000000 0 -14000000 0

0 0 0 0

-14000000 0 14000000 0

0 0 0 0

K2 =

14000000 0 -14000000 0

0 0 0 0

-14000000 0 14000000 0

0 0 0 0

K3 = 1.0e+06 *

4.5499 6.6966 -4.5499 -6.6966

6.6966 9.8559 -6.6966 -9.8559

-4.5499 -6.6966 4.5499 6.6966

-6.6966 -9.8559 6.6966 9.8559

K4 = 1.0e+06 *

4.5499 -6.6966 -4.5499 6.6966

-6.6966 9.8559 6.6966 -9.8559

-4.5499 6.6966 4.5499 -6.6966

6.6966 -9.8559 -6.6966 9.8559

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

K5 =

14000000 0 -14000000 0

0 0 0 0

-14000000 0 14000000 0

0 0 0 0

K6 = 1.0e+06 *

4.5499 6.6966 -4.5499 -6.6966

6.6966 9.8559 -6.6966 -9.8559

-4.5499 -6.6966 4.5499 6.6966

-6.6966 -9.8559 6.6966 9.8559

K7 = 1.0e+06 *

4.5499 -6.6966 -4.5499 6.6966

-6.6966 9.8559 6.6966 -9.8559

-4.5499 6.6966 4.5499 -6.6966

6.6966 -9.8559 -6.6966 9.8559

Kg = 1.0e+07 *

1.8550 -0.6697 -1.4000 0 0 0 0 0 -0.4550 0.6697

-0.6697 0.9856 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6697 -0.9856

-1.4000 0 3.7100 -0.0000 -1.4000 0 -0.4550 0.6697 -0.4550 -0.6697

0 0 -0.0000 1.9712 0 0 0.6697 -0.9856 -0.6697 -0.9856

0 0 -1.4000 0 1.8550 0.6697 -0.4550 -0.6697 0 0

0 0 0 0 0.6697 0.9856 -0.6697 -0.9856 0 0

0 0 -0.4550 0.6697 -0.4550 -0.6697 2.3100 -0.0000 -1.4000 0

0 0 0.6697 -0.9856 -0.6697 -0.9856 -0.0000 1.9712 0 0

-0.4550 0.6697 -0.4550 -0.6697 0 0 -1.4000 0 2.3100 -0.0000

0.6697 -0.9856 -0.6697 -0.9856 0 0 0 0 -0.0000 1.9712

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

Kr = 1.0e+07 *

3.7100 -0.0000 -1.4000 -0.4550 0.6697 -0.4550 -0.6697

-0.0000 1.9712 0 0.6697 -0.9856 -0.6697 -0.9856

-1.4000 0 1.8550 -0.4550 -0.6697 0 0

-0.4550 0.6697 -0.4550 2.3100 -0.0000 -1.4000 0

0.6697 -0.9856 -0.6697 -0.0000 1.9712 0 0

-0.4550 -0.6697 0 -1.4000 0 2.3100 -0.0000

-0.6697 -0.9856 0 0 0 -0.0000 1.9712

u=

-0.0006

-0.0025

-0.0011

-0.0002

-0.0017

-0.0010

-0.0019

U=

-0.0006

-0.0025

-0.0011

-0.0002

-0.0017

-0.0010

-0.0019

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

F = 1.0e+04 *

-0.0000

1.2750

0.0000

-0.8000

1.0250

-0.5000

0.0000

-1.0000

sigma1 = -0.0866

sigma2 = -0.0696

sigma3 = -0.1239

sigma4 = 0.0635

sigma5 = -0.1084

sigma6 = 0.0323

sigma7 = -0.1541

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

ANSYS REPORT
1. Modeling:-
a. Generation of Key points:
Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Key points>In active CS.
Sr.No. Key point No. Co-ordinates (x,y)
1 1 (0,0)
2 2 (1500,0)
3 3 (3000,0)
4 4 (2250,1250)
5 5 (750,1250)

b. Create Lines:
Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Straight Line>In active CS.

2.Assign the Element:

Preprocessor>Element type>Add /Edit /Delete>Link
Element assigned :-3D finitstn 180

3.Apply the real Constants:

Preprocessor>Real Constants>Add /Edit /Delete
Cross Sectional Area = 10*10^4 mm2

4. Apply Material Properties:

Preprocessor>Material Properties>Material models>Structural>Linear>Isotropic
Young’s Modulus = 210 GPa
Poisson’s Ratio = 0.3

5. Meshing:
Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Line>Select the Lines>Mesh>OK.

1
ELEMENTS

MAR 14 2018
10:43:40

Y
Z X

Fig. 1.2:Generation of Elements

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

B) Solver:-In this step the solution type and loads are defined.

a. Give solution type:

Solution>Analysis type>New Analysis>Static>OK.

b. Define Loads (Boundary Conditions):

1. Apply Displacement:
Solution> Define Loads> Apply>Structural>Displacement>All DOF= 0 on Node
no.1 (because they are fixed).
2. Apply Load:
Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Force/Moment→Force = -10000 N on
node no. 5, -8000 on node 2 and -5000 on node 4.

1
E-N
U
F
MAR 14 2018
09:44:47

Y
Z X

Fig. 1.3 Applying the Boundary Conditions

c. Solve the FEA Model:

Solution – Solve – Current LS.

C)Post processing:-In the post processing step the Deflection and stress plot are taken
and also the reaction values are taken.

Go to General Postproc>Read results>Last set.

a. Nodal displacement values plot:

PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****

LOAD STEP= 0 SUBSTEP= 1

TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0

THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.54643E-03-0.21576E-02 0.0000 0.22257E-02
3 0.98571E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.98571E-03
4 0.18750E-03-0.14466E-02 0.0000 0.14587E-02
5 0.85179E-03-0.17147E-02 0.0000 0.19147E-02
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE VALUES
NODE 3 2 0 2
VALUE 0.98571E-03-0.21576E-02 0.0000 0.22257E-02

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

b. Support Reactions:

PRINT REACTION SOLUTIONS PER NODE

***** POST1 TOTAL REACTION SOLUTION LISTING *****

LOAD STEP= 0 SUBSTEP= 1

TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0

THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z SOLUTIONS ARE IN THE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM

NODE FX FY FZ
1 -0.18190E-11 12750. 0.0000
3 10250.

TOTAL VALUES
VALUE -0.18190E-11 23000. 0.0000

c. Elemental stresses:
PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT

***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

STAT CURRENT
ELEM LS1
1 0.76500E-01
2 0.61500E-01
3 -0.11953
4 0.61225E-01
5 -0.93000E-01
6 0.32070E-01
7 -0.14869

MINIMUM VALUES
ELEM 7
VALUE -0.14869

MAXIMUM VALUES
ELEM 1
VALUE 0.76500E-01

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 Finite Element Analysis 2017-18

Conclusion:-

Result Matlab Ansys

Nodal Displacement Ux Uy Ux Uy
Element 1 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000 0.0000
Element 2 0.0005464 0.0021576 -0.0006 -0.0025
Element 3 0.0009857 0.0000000 -0.0011 0.0000
Element 4 0.0001875 0.0014466 -0.0002 -0.0019
Element 5 0.0008517 0.0017147 -0.0010 -0.0017

Element stress Sigma Sigma

0.07650 -0.0866
0.06150 -0.0696
-0.11953 -0.1239
0.06122 0.0635
-0.09300 -0.1084
0.03207 0.0323
-0.14869 -0.1541

Support Reaction Rx Ry Rx Ry
Node 1 0 12750 -0.18190E-11 12750
Node 3 0 10250 0 10250

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