ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

& INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

Matrix – characteristic equation – eigen values and eigen vectors – Cayley – Hamilton
theorem - partial derivatives – maxima and minima – linear differential equations
with constant coefficients - linear first order simultaneous equations with constant
coefficients – Taylor and Laurent expansions - residue theorem – Laplace transform
– initial and final value theorems – inverse Laplace transform - Fourier series and
Fourier transforms – solution of standard types of first order partial differential
equations – z-transform - inverse z-transform – convolution theorem.

UNIT 2: CIRCUIT THEORY

Mesh current and node voltage methods of analysis – network reduction and network
theorems – voltage and current division, source transformation – star delta
conversion - Thevenin's and Norton's theorems – superposition theorem – maximum
power transfer theorem – series and parallel resonance - frequency response –
quality factor and bandwidth – self and mutual inductance - transient response for
dc and sinusoidal inputs – analysis of three phase 3-wire and 4-wire circuits - power
and power factor measurements in three phase circuits.

UNIT 3: ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Diode, BJT, JFET, MOSFET – characteristics and parameters – biasing - h
parameters - amplifiers - frequency response – RC coupled amplifier – power
amplifiers - feedback amplifiers - oscillators - wave shaping circuits – single and
polyphase rectifiers – filters – design of Zener and transistor series voltage regulators
- op-arnp characteristics – frequency response - summer, integrator,
instrumentation amplifier, first and second order active fitters,V/I and I/V
converters, comparators, waveform generators, peak detector, S/H circuit, D/A
converter (R-2R ladder and weighted resistor types),A/D converter – dual slope,
successive approximation and flash types – isolation amplifiers, opta-coupler.
Boolean algebra - De-Morgan's theorems – simplification using K-maps and Quine
McCluskey Method – logic gates – design of arithmetic circuits - encoders, decoders,
multiplexers and demultiplexers – flip flops - counters – shift registers – design of
synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits. Design of sequential networks
using PAL, PLA – FPGA – CPLD – 8085 and 8051 architectures – instruction sets –
programming – interrupt structures – memory interfacing - interfacing of 8255 PPI,
8279 key board display controller, 8253 timer Counter – interfacing with 8085 – A/D
and D/A converter interfacing.

UNIT 4: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

Ballistic, D'Arsonval galvanometers - principle, construction, operation and
comparison of moving coil, moving iron meters, dynamometer, induction type and
thermal type meter, rectifier type - theory, calibration – electrodynamometer type
wattmeter – induction type kwh meter – induction type energy meter – dc
potentiometer – ac potentiometer - C.T and P.T – Wheatstone bridge – Kelvin double
bridge - high resistance measurement - earth resistance measurement - Megger.
Measurement of inductance, capacitance – Q of coil – Maxwell bridge - Wein's bridge
- Schering bridge – Anderson bridge – Campbell bridge to measure mutual
inductance – digital voltmeters and multimeters – microprocessor based DMM with
auto ranging and self-diagnostic features – digital IC tester - frequency, period, time
interval and pulse width measurement – cathode ray oscilloscope – sampling and
storage scopes – w ave analyzers – seven segment and dot matrix display - digital
recording and data loggers - modern instrumentation and control systems – OSI
model – EIA 232 interface standard – EIA 485 interface standard – EIA 422 interface
standard - 20 ma current loop - serial interface converters.

UNIT 5: CONTROL SYSTEMS

Open and closed loop systems - transfer function – signal flow graphs – time domain
response-I and II order system response – frequency response – Bode plot – polar
plot – determination of closed loop response from open loop response – correlation
between frequency domain and time domain specifications – characteristic equation
– location of roots in s plane for stability - Routh Hurwitz criterion – root locus
construction – effect of pole, zero addition – gain margin and phase margin – Nyquist
stability criterion - lag, lead and lag-lead networks – compensator design using bode
plots – state space analysis – controllability and observability – pole placement -
state observer design – features of linear and non-linear systems – phase plane
analysis of linear and non-linear systems – isoclines method – describing function
analysis of non-linear systems – conditions for stability - Liapunov's stability concept
- Liapunov's direct method - Popov's criterion – time varying optimal control - LQR
steady state optimal control – optimal estimation-multivariable control design.

UNIT 6: TRANSDUCERS AND SMART SENSORS

Units and standards – calibration methods – static calibration – classification of
errors - error analysis – statistical methods – odds and uncertainty – classification
of transducers - selection of transducers – characteristics of transducers –
mathematical model of transducers - zero, I and II order transducers – response to
impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal inputs – variable resistance transducers –
variable inductance and variable capacitance transducers – induction potentiometer
– variable reluctance transducers –principle of operation, construction details,
characteristics and application of LVDT - capacitive transducer and types – capacitor
microphone – frequency response –piezoelectric transducer, hall effect transducer –
different types of photo detectors - digital transducers – smart sensors – fibre optic
sensors, squid sensors,film sensors, MEMS - nano sensors.

UNIT 7: INDUSTRIAL AND ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Pressure, flow, temperature and level measurements – principle of operation,

installation and maintenance, calibration - measurement of force, torque, velocity,

vibration, humidity, viscosity. and density – spectrophotometers (UV and IR) – pH
meters – conductivity meters –analyzers (O2 NO2, H2S), chromatography (gas and
liquid) - NMR spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy and mass spectrometer.

UNIT 8: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Classification of signals: continuous and discrete, energy and power; mathematical
representation of s ignals – classification of systems: continuous, discrete, linear,
causal, stable, dynamic, recursive, time variance – spectral density – aliasing effect
– digital signal representation - DTLTI systems – difference equations – convolution
– I I R design: analog filter design – Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations –
digital design using impulse invariant and bilinear transformation - Discrete
Fourier Transform - IDFT- computation of D FT using FFT algorithm – DIT and DIF
using radix 2 FFT - FIR and IIR filter realization – parallel and cascade forms - FIR
design: windowing techniques – linear phase characteristics.
UNIT 9: PROCESS CONTROL
Mathematical model of first order level, pressure and thermal processes – higher
order process - interacting and non-interacting systems – continuous and batch
processes – servo and regulator operations – characteristics of on-off, proportional,
integral and derivative control modes - PI, PD and PID control modes – pneumatic
and electronic controllers – optimum controller evaluation criteria - IAE, ISE,
ITAE and % decay ratio – determination of optimum settings for mathematically
described processes using time response and frequency response - tuning –
process reaction curve method – Ziegler Nichols method – damped oscillation
method- feed – forward control – ratio control – cascade control – inferential control
– split – range control –introduction to multivariable control – I/P converter -
pneumatic and electric actuators - valve positioner – control valves -
characteristics of control valves - inherent and installed characteristics -
valve body – commercial valve bodies – control valve sizing – cavitation and flashing
- selection criteria.

UNIT 10: LOGIC AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM

Components of PLC – advantages over relay logic – architecture of PLC -
programming devices – discrete and analog i / o modules – programming languages
– ladder diagram - programming timers and counters – design of PLC – program
control instructions, math instructions, sequencer instructions - use of PC as
PLC – application of PLC – SCADA - data acquisition system – supervisory control
– direct digital control – DCS – architectures – comparison - local control unit –
process interfacing issues – communication facilities – operator interfaces - low level
and high level operator interfaces – operator displays – engineering interfaces – low
level and high level engineering interfaces.