Referat La Limba Engleza Pe Tema: Types of Law: Universitatea Din Craiova Facultatea de Drept

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Universitatea din Craiova

Facultatea de Drept

Referat
la limba engleza
pe tema:
Types of law

Realizat de: Afteni Dorina


Studenta anul I, licenta, seria I, gr.1
Verificat de: Simina Badea
Types of law

The law is the system of rules and regulations by which society functions
efficiently and harmoniously. The legal system protects the rights and
responsibilities of both individuals and groups, and ensures social and economic
interactions are conducted smoothly and peacefully. Essentially, laws serve as the
primary mediator of relations between people.
Every state and country has its own legal system. There are many different
branches of law including corporate law, property and taxation law through to
media, environmental health and international law. All types of law have far-
reaching effects and help to shape politics, economics and society in numerous
ways. The following are some of the more common types of law:

 Constitutional Law
Constitutional law is the body of law which defines the relationship of different
entities within a state, namely, the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, as
well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as India and
Canada, the relationship between the central government and state, provincial, or
territorial governenmts. Constitutional law deals with the fundamental principles
by which the government exercises its authority. In some instances, these
principles grant specific powers to the government, such as the power to tax and
spend for the welfare of the population. Other times, constitutional principles act to
place limits on what the government can do, such as prohi
 EU law
28 members, one legal system…
EU law, or European Union law, is a system of law that is specific to the 28
members of the European Union. This system overrules the national law of each
member country if there is a conflict between the national law and the EU law.
EU law relates to a wide range of different matters; from agriculture to competition
law. As the European Union grew in size, the idea was to create a level playing
field and harmonise the laws across the Union regarding certain matters, mostly
trade.
• Public law
Public law refers to the relationship between individuals and the government. In
the UK, public law is made up of constitutional/administrative law, tax law and
criminal law.
Public law is important because of the unequal relationship between the
government and the public. The government is the only body that can make
decisions on the rights of individuals and they must act within the law. A citizen
can ask for judicial review if they are unhappy with a decision of an authoritative
body.

 Business (Corporate) Law


Corporate law involves the formation, dissolution, and all other legal aspects
of the administration of corporations. Typical duties of corporate lawyers
include mergers, acquisitions, internal reorganization, or disputes between
corporations and individuals concerning liability, patents, and compliance
with state and federal law, as well as international accords.
 Industrial law
Labour law (also called labor law or employment law) is the body of laws,
administrative rulings, and precedents which address the legal rights of, and
restrictions on, working people and their organizations. As such, it mediates many
aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees.
 Family Law
Family law focuses on legal relations between individuals in the context of the
family. Lawyers in this field typically work in smaller firms and specialize in a
variety of areas ranging from child welfare, through adoption, to divorce. Child
abuse, legitimacy, civil unions, domestic partnerships, and marriages are among
the main aspects of family lawyers' practice.
 Immigration Law
Immigration lawyers work with individual clients at all stages of the naturalization
process. Other aspects of the profession relate to refugee and asylum seekers, as
well as to individuals in the country without legal permission. This field of law
varies significantly from country to country. Much of its practice depends on
international treaties, bilateral accords, and political conjecture.
 Military Law
Military law involves codes and procedures that govern legal matters in the armed
forces. Since 1951, military law has been based on the Uniform Code of Military
Justice. Legal experts in this field are typically members of the armed forces
serving in the Judge Advocate General's Corps.
 Property law
Property law is a thriving area of practice, especially during periods of economic
boom. The value of land, as an immoveable asset, has always been high throughout
history and there will always be a market to buy, lease, sell, or develop it.

 Land law
Land law, as the name suggests, is the set of rules that govern the land and
anything attached to it, such as trees or buildings, or anything in it, e.g. treasure or
oil.
People who work in this area of law have the task of fighting or defending disputes
over land matters, such as rights of way and boundary issues. These cases may
involve matters which involve landowners, private individuals or the state.
 Tort law
"A civil wrong distinguished from the law of contract, the law of restitution, and
the criminal law. A tort is a breach of a duty, potentially owed to the whole world,
imposed by law ... Torts serve to protect a person's interest in his or her bodily
security, tangible property, financial resources, or reputation. Interference with one
of these interests is redressable by an action for compensation, usually in the form
of unliquidated damages. The law of torts aims to restore the injured person to the
position he or she was in before the tort was committed ..."
So, classification of laws provides quality and order to the Legal
System.This can can help lawyers, judges and other legal professionals to interpret
the law. It also makes it easier to recognise when similar situations arise, so that
similar solutions can be achieved.
References
1. Helen Callanan, Lynda Edwards
,, Absolute Legal English”, 2010
2. Available at site-ul:
https://www.allaboutlaw.co.uk/stage/areas-of-
law/employment-law
3. Available at site-ul:
http://libguides.library.cqu.edu.au/content.php?pid
=27142&sid=1562367
4. Online sources:
https://www.brown.edu/academics/college/advising
/law-school/fields-law/fields-law

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