2. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS FOR THE B.Tech (D.Sc. & Tech.

) DEGREE PROGRAMME

Note:

A. According to the provisions in clause 55(5) of the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University Act, 2010, a student undergoing a course and was studying for any examination of Kerala
Agricultural University prior to the specified date shall be permitted to complete his/ her course of
study under the same regulations in which the student was admitted to the course and the Kerala
Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University shall conduct the examinations.

B. Accordingly (i) The rules and regulations for the award of B.Tech. (D.Sc. & Tech.) degree under
Kerala Agricultural University known as B.Tech. (D.Sc. & Tech.) Regulations, 1995 shall be applicable
to the students admitted upto and inclusive of 2007 admissions and (ii) the Regulations known as
B.Tech. (D.Sc.&Tech.) Regulations, 2008 shall be applicable to the students of 2008, 2009 and 2010
admissions.

1. Short title
These regulations shall be called “Bachelor’s Degree in B.Tech. (Dairy Science & Technology)
Regulations, 2013 (Amended as per 12th ACM).

2. Scope
The regulations provided herein shall apply to Bachelor’s degree programme in Dairy Science&
Technology ie. B.Tech. (D.Sc.&Tech.) offered by the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences
University, to the students admitted from the academic year 2011-12.

3. Definitions
In these regulations unless the context otherwise requires:
3.1. ‘Academic Year’ means a period consisting of two consecutive semesters including the inter-
semester
break as announced by the University.
3.2. The ‘first year’ of study shall be the first and second semesters, following a student’s admission.
The ‘second year’ of study shall be the third and fourth semesters, the ‘third year’ the fifth and sixth
and the fourth year, the seventh and eighth semesters.
3.3. ‘Adviser’ means a teacher of the Faculty who has been nominated by the Dean/Head of the
Institution to advise a particular student in academic matters.
3.4. ‘A course’ is a unit of instruction or segment of subject matter (as specified in the course
catalogue)to be covered in a semester. It has specific number, title and credits.
3.5. ‘Course catalogue’ is a list of approved courses for each degree programme.
3.6. ‘Credit’ is the weekly unit of work assigned for any particular course as per the course catalogue.
A lecture class of one hour or a practical class of two to three hours duration per week shall count as
one credit.
3.7. ‘Credit load’ of a student during a semester is the total number of credits of all the courses he/she
registers during that particular semester.
3.8. ‘Credit point’ means the grade point multiplied by credits of the course.
3.9. ‘Curriculum’ is a group of courses and other specified requirements for the fulfillment of the
degree programme.
3.10. ‘Dean’ means the Dean College of Dairy Science & Technology.

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3.11. ‘Department’ means a Department in the College/teaching institution offering degree
programmes.
Scientists of a discipline working in the neighbouring research stations/projects of Kerala Veterinary
and Animal Sciences University will also be considered as members of the Department of the
teaching institution concerned.
3.12. Grade point earned for a course is a value in 0 to 10.0 point scale. It is arrived by adding the
products of theory-marks secured (out of 100) and theory-credits, the practical-marks secured (out of
100) and practical credits, divided by the total credits hours (theory + practical) and further divided by
10. The grade point will be rounded off to second decimal.
3.13. Grade Point Average (GPA): It is the value of the total credit points obtained by student in
various courses at the end of each semester divided by the total credit hours taken by him/her in that
semester. The grading is done on a 10.0 point scale. The GPA shall be rounded off to second decimal
place (Amended as per 12th ACM).
3.14. Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA): It is the quotient of cumulative credit points obtained by a
student in all the courses taken by him/her from the beginning of the first semester divided by the
total credit hours of all the courses which he/she had completed up to the end of a specified semester
from the first semester. It shows the overall performance of a student in all the courses taken up to
the period of reckoning. The OGPA shall be rounded off to third decimal place.
3.15. ‘Repeat course’ is a course repeated by a student for want of attendance or secured zero grade
in that course when registered earlier.
3.16. “Re-examination course” is a course registered by a student in which he/she had satisfactory
attendance and secured a grade point of 6.0 or less when registered earlier. A student need not
attend classes for a reexamination course. However, he/she shall appear for all the stipulated
examinations in that semester. Students having grade point of zero will not be allowed for re-
examination course.
3.17. ‘Semester’ means a term consisting of a minimum of 100 instructional days excluding the period
of examinations. Condensed semesters with less duration can be sanctioned by the Vice Chancellor
based on the proposals from the Deans.
3.18. ’Student’ means a student as defined in the Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
Act.
3.19. ’Teacher’ means a teacher as defined in Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Act.
3.20. ’Transcript’ is the consolidated report of grade points indicating OGPA secured by the student,
issued by the University.
3.21. ‘University’ means Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

4. Degrees awarded
The Bachelor’s degree awarded by the University and governed by these regulations is B.Tech.
(D.Sc.&Tech.)

5. Number of seats
The number of candidates to be admitted in an academic year to the first semester B.Tech
degree programme shall be decided by the Academic Council from time to time.

Note: A limited number of seats will be reserved for ICAR sponsored candidates, dairy farm
instructors, dairy diploma holders, children of dairy farmers of Kerala, children of ‘farm labourers of
KVASU’, candidates of Meghalaya origin, candidates excelled in sports etc. within the total number of
seats as approved by academic council (Amended as per 12th ACM).

6. Mode of selection and qualifications for admission

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The selection of candidates for admission shall be made as per the rules in force. The qualifications
for different degree programmes shall be as suggested by Government and prescribed by the
Academic Council from time to time.

7. System of teaching
The semester-course-credit system shall be followed for all the degree programmes with internal and
external evaluation.

8. Duration of the degree programmes

The minimum prescribed duration of Bachelor’s degree programmes in the University shall be eight
semesters (four academic years) excluding the period of temporary discontinuance, if any. The
maximum time limit permitted to complete the programme shall be fourteen semesters including the
period of discontinuance, if any.

9. Inter-semester break
The inter semester break shall be for a minimum period of ten days. A longer inter semester break
may be allowed in between two academic years (shall not exceed 30 days) (Amended as per 12 th
ACM).

10. Date of commencement and termination of semesters

The date of commencement and termination of semesters as well as the duration of each inter-
semester break shall be as announced by the University from time to time.

11. Admission
11.1 A candidate selected shall be admitted to the rolls of the University on payment of the prescribed
fee. The Head of Institution concerned shall arrange for registration of courses. The student shall fill
in the Course Registration Card with relevant details in consultation with the Adviser.
11.2 On admission to the Degree programme, the student shall be assigned an admission number.
The admission number allotted to a student shall consist of three components (the first component
indicating the year of admission; the second, the code for respective degree and college and the
third, the serial number of the student admitted to the degree programme during the year).
11.3 After assigning admission number, the name and other relevant particulars of the student shall
be entered in the Admission-cum-Academic Record maintained in the college.
11.4 A list of candidates admitted, with particulars of admission numbers and other relevant personal
details of the candidates shall be supplied to the University by the Head of the Institution.
11.5 An admission register shall be maintained in the Colleges wherein the bio-data of the students,
in Acad. Form No. 1 shall be entered. In addition, a register showing semester- wise academic
performance of all students shall also be maintained. The details of Transfer Certificate, Conduct
Certificate etc. issued to each student shall be recorded in the admission register and the entries
authenticated by the Head of the Institution at the time of issue of such certificates.
11.6 After assigning admission number, each student shall be issued an identity card by the College,
with photo furnished by the student duly attested by the Head of the Institution. The identity card shall
be retained by the student throughout the tenure of study in the college and shall be returned to the
college at the time of leaving the Institution.

12. Advisors
After admission, the Head of the Institution shall allot each student to a teacher of the college who will
be the ‘Advisor’ to the student in all academic matters.

13. Credit requirements

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The minimum credit requirement for each of the degree programmes shall be as approved by the
Academic Council from time to time.

14. Credit load in a semester

14.1 The maximum credit load including repeat courses in a semester should not exceed 27 for
a student excluding the credits for work experience ( farm training /in-plant training/ hands on
training and experiential learning) and courses registered as re-examination courses. However, a
student can take up to 32 credits which will include regular, repeat and re- examination courses
but exclude work experience (farm training/ in-plant training/ hands on training and experiential
learning) (Amended as per 12th ACM).
14.2 A course will be offered only once in an academic year normally during the semester in
which it is listed in the course catalogue. A course can be registered as re-examination course only
when they are offered as regular courses. A student will be permitted to register a course as
re-examination course only three times. Thereafter she /he can register as repeat course. In re-
examination courses, the marks already obtained by the student for regular p r a c t i c a l class
works and records when registered as a regular course will be carried forward. However for repeat
courses these marks will not be carried forward (Amended as per 12 th ACM). This shall be applicable
for 2012 and earlier admissions.
A student is eligible to register a course as re examination in any semester, once the result is
published. He/she will be permitted to register a course as re-examination course only two
times. Thereafter she/he can register as a repeat course. In re-examination courses, the
marks already obtained by the student for regular p r a c t i c a l class works and records when
registered as a regular course will be carried forward. However for repeat courses these marks will
not be carried forward. This shall be applicable from 2013 admission onwards

15. Study tours

15.1 The study tours will be sanctioned by the Head of the Institution strictly according to necessity,
limiting the expenditure as decided by the University from time to time. All study tours put together
shall not exceed 30 days. Tours will be conducted as far as possible after the second semester of
academic year and as per the Rules for study tour (Clause 39).

16. Registration of Students

16.1 A student shall be present in person for registration. In absentia registration shall not be
permitted.
16.2 For registration in a semester, a student after payment of the approved fee shall, fill up four
copies of the Course Registration Card, with the help of the Adviser (Acad. Form No. 32 D ), on the
day of registration itself. Adviser shall forward the Course Registration Card to the Head of the
Institution immediately. The Head of the Institution after scrutiny and approval will return the copy to
the Professor (Academic) / Officer i/c (Academic).
16.3 The symbol ‘R1, R2 or R3’ should be indicated against repeat courses and RE1, RE2 or RE3
against re-examination courses in Course Registration Card. This shall be applicable for 2012 and
earlier admissions.
The symbol ‘R1, R2 or R3’ should be indicated against repeat courses and RE1 and RE2 against re-
examination courses in Course Registration Card. This shall be applicable from 2013 admission
onwards

16.4 If a student on valid grounds could not register in a particular semester on the day notified for
registration, the Dean/Head of the Institution is authorized to permit him/her late registration within
five working days by paying a late registration fee as prescribed by the University from time to time. In
exceptional and rare cases, the Director (Acad & Research) is empowered to permit late registration

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on valid grounds, up to 15 working days with additional late registration fee as prescribed from time to
time (Amended as per 12th ACM).
16.5 At the beginning of each semester, the advisor shall guide his/her ward to register the courses
including repeat and re-examination courses, based on eligibility.

16.6 Students who are having backlog of previous semester(s) courses and who otherwise qualify
are allowed to register for the VIII semester (Internship training). Such students will be permitted to
register for re-examinations in the courses for which they are eligible, after the successful completion
of the Internship training. Internship training will be offered only once in a year. This shall be
applicable for 2012 and earlier admissions (Amended as per 13th ACM). Kindly delete the under lined
sentence as this clause is applicable for 2013 admission also

16.7 For a student to register for the 7th (seventh) semester he/she should have cleared all the
courses up to and inclusive of 2nd (second) semester. This shall be applicable from 2013 admissions
(Amended as per 13th ACM).

16.8 A student is to be permitted to register a course as reexamination course only 2 times, thereafter
he/she shall register as repeat course. However a student shall register a course as repeat course.
Kindly delete the under lined sentence as this is not relevant.
However a student can register a course for improvement reexamination only once. Only the students
who had passed and secured a grade point less than 7.0 will be eligible for registering a course for
improvement. Student who had cleared a course after reexamination are not eligible for improvement.
There will be provision for registering for reexamination course in all the subsequent semesters. If a
student fails to clear a course even after registering the course as reexamination twice (RE1 & RE2),
he/she shall attempt Kindly replace ‘attempt’ with ‘register’ the course only when it is being offered
regularly. This amendment has been approved for 2013 admissions onwards (Amended as per 13th
ACM).

17. Tuition and other fees

17.1 The registration for a semester is valid only if the student has remitted the tuition fee and other
fee approved, on the due dates notified.
17.2 The details of fee remitted shall be noted by the student in the Course Registration Card. The
students enjoying fee concession should note the same in the Course Registration Card.
17.3 At the time of payment of fee from the II semester onwards the student shall produce clearance
from his/her advisor, the identity card and non-liability certificate from the Asst. Warden/Librarian.
17.4 The students admitted from 2011 admission onwards shall have the tuition fees equivalent to
that fixed for B. Tech. courses in Government Engineering Colleges by the Government of Kerala.

18. Class time table

At the beginning of each semester, the Head of the Institution shall prepare the class time table and
communicate the same to all concerned.

19. Course teachers

The Head of the Department will nominate the Course Teachers for each course before the
commencement of the semester. The course teacher shall be responsible to the Head of the
Department in all matters connected with the conduct of the course. Wherever multi-disciplinary
courses are offered and/or disciplines or subject areas for which Department are not specified, the
Head of Institution will nominate the course teachers. When more than one teacher is teaching a
course, a course leader may be nominated who will be responsible for the overall planning and
conduct of the course.

20. Discontinuance and re-admission

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20.1 A student may discontinue on valid and genuine grounds, his/her studies temporarily with prior
permission of the Head of the Institution. He/She shall be awarded symbol T for all the courses for
which he/she has registered. He/She can rejoin on payment of re-registration fee. The student shall
not be allowed to discontinue beyond a period of two semesters. If the discontinuation is for more
than two semesters, his/her admission shall stand cancelled. No student will be allowed to
temporarily discontinue his/her course of studies during the first two semesters of his/her degree
programme.
20.2 On no account a student who discontinued without written permission of the Head of the
Institution be admitted for further studies. Such students shall be removed from the rolls by the Head
of the Institution, after serving notice, with intimation to the University.
20.3 If a student admitted to the first year UG course does not register for the courses of first
semester of that year or having registered, fail to secure 80 percent attendance in at least 3 courses,
his/her name shall be removed from the roll. In very exceptional and genuine cases, the matter shall
be considered by the Vice-Chancellor and appropriate decision ordered based on individual merits of
each case.
21. Attendance
21.1 Candidate who does not satisfy the minimum attendance requirement (80%) shall be awarded
“zero” grade point. The minimum requirement of attendance during a semester shall be 80 %for each
course. The students who do not secure the minimum requirement of attendance in acourse due to
absence, for which leave has been sanctioned shall be marked ‘ I ‘ (Incomplete)for that course. While
calculating the GPA/OGPA, the credit hours of the course(s) in which the student secures ‘ I ‘ will be
deducted. A course in which “zero” grade point or ‘ I ‘ is awarded, shall be repeated. Attendance shall
be maintained by the course teacher who shall display the details of attendance at the end of 35, 70
and 100 working days with a copy to the head of institution.
21.2 Students deputed for official purposes such as representing the College or University for sports,
cultural meets, NSS activities and involvement in the student’s activities, statutory bodies, with prior
permission of the Head of the Institution shall be given duty leave for such absence and it shall be
reckoned as attendance subject to the following conditions:
a. The period of duty leave shall not ordinarily exceed 10% of the total attendance for each course in
a semester for a student.
b. Associate Patron of the students’ Union/Officer i/c of Physical Education/Officer i/c of NCC and
NSS alone are authorized to recommend to the Head of Institution for duty leave. The concerned
officers authorized to recommend duty leave may also furnish the list of students who are actually
engaged as volunteers for the organizations and conduct of approved University sports, programme,
cultural meets, NSS programme, College Union/University Union activities etc., for granting duty
leave.
c. Associate Patron can recommend the names of the students who actually represent the College/
University for cultural activities in inter- collegiate/Inter-University competitions for approval of the
Head of the Institution.
d. Teacher i/c of Physical Education can recommend the names of students for duty leave who are
participating in sports and games, representing the College/University.
e. NSS programme officers will recommend the names of students for duty leave who are
participating in NSS programmes.
f. The Professor (Acad.) can recommend students for duty leave who participate in seminars,
workshops, Science Congress, exhibitions, educational quizzes etc upon directions from the Dean.
g. Number of duty leave eligible shall be limited to days of (i) to and fro journey(ii) actual days of the
tournament as evidenced by the approved fixtures and in the case of cultural activities actual days of
competition as evidenced by the approved programme.
h. Officers who are authorised to recommend the duty leave must submit list of students with all
details such as team/teams and its members and place of tournament/meet days for to and fro

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journey to the Dean sufficiently in advance at any rate duty leave will not be granted if the list is not
submitted within seven days of the termination of the event.
i. Decision of the Head of the Institution shall be final in this matter.
j. Students activities like NSS camps etc, should be conducted during the semester break/holidays to
the extent possible.
k. The student representatives of the Management Council are eligible for 10% duty leave over and
above the 20 % of shortfall in attendance permitted. The students other than the office bearers of the
union shall also be entitled to have the additional 10% leave given to the Kerala Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University union office bearers, if they are deputed by the university/Dean for an
institutional purpose.
l. In any case the overall attendance shortage shall not exceed thirty percent (20+10) inclusive of duty
leave and other cases of absence.
21.3. Attendance will be granted to those students who abstain from regular classes for the purpose
of appearing in the reexamination/ supplementary examination, after ensuring that the students
actually appeared for re-examination.

22 Evaluation of student, examinations and grades

22.1 The evaluation of the students in a course shall be based on his performance in
various examinations, submission of practical records, regular practical class work (RPCW) and
performance in other types of exercises / assignments.

The following letter grades shall be used in the grade reports:

F - Failed
I - Incomplete
R - Repeat
RE - Re-Examination
S - Satisfactory
T- Temporary Discontinuance
US - Unsatisfactory
(Amended as per 12th ACM).

22.2 Internal evaluation

a. The internal evaluation components shall have a quiz and mid-term examination conducted around
35 and 60 working days after the commencement of the semester with a weightage of 10 and 30
percentage marks respectively.
b. A schedule of the internal examinations shall be prepared by the Head of the Institution and notified
to the students at the beginning of each semester.
c. Supplementary examination for mid-term shall be conducted only with the prior approval of the
Head of Institution following the guidelines prescribed. It will be sanctioned only in exceptional cases
and after very careful scrutiny.
d. Answer scripts of internal examinations evaluated by the teacher shall be shown to the students
within 10 days after the conduct of the examination. The students shall have the option to request the
teacher for clarification of any doubts in scoring, provided that such clarification is requested for when
the answer scripts are made available to them. This, however, shall not apply for semester final
examinations.
e. Unless a student appears for mid term examination, he/she is not eligible to appear for the
semester final examination in the course concerned.

22.3 External evaluation (Semester final-examination)

a. The external evaluation component shall be the final theory examination conducted by the
University for each Course at the end of the semester.

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b. Specific guidelines for the conduct of examination and evaluation are issued separately by the
University.
c. The semester final theory examinations shall be held at the end of each semester in each course
for a total of 60 percent marks.
d. Final University examination in theory shall be of a minimum of two and half hours duration. It shall
be the responsibility of the University to conduct the final theory examination covering the entire
syllabus. No supplementary examination for final examination shall ordinarily be conducted. However,
in exceptional cases, based on valid reasons the Vice-Chancellor may sanction supplementary
examinations, as per guidelines approved.
e. Practical examinations shall be conducted by a Board constituted by the Head of the Institution
which shall include a teacher nominated by the Head of the Institution besides the course teacher.
Guide lines for constitution of Examination Board will be issued by the University.
f. The students shall be given five preparation holidays before the commencement of semester final
examinations. The preparation holidays may be distributed between the days of examinations also.

23. Computation and award of course grades

23.1 Marks allotted for theory and practical shall be in proportion to the credits for theory and practical
for each course.
The distribution of marks for theory is as follows:
Quiz : 10%
Midterm : 30%
Final University Theory examination : 60%
The distribution of marks for practical examination will be as follows:
Regular practical class works (RPCW) : 20%
Records : 20%
Viva-voce examination : 10%
Final Practical Examination : 50%
23.2 The minimum grade point required for passing a course shall be 6.0. A student getting less than
6.0 shall be deemed to have failed in that course and ‘F’ shall be indicated in the grade report against
the actual grade point obtained. To complete the degree requirement, the student shall have to get a
minimum OGPA of 7.0 out of 10.0.
23.3 A separate minimum of 40% marks in theory examination and practical are essential for passing
a course. This shall be applicable for 2012 and earlier admissions.
A separate minimum of 40% marks in internal and external theory examination and practical are
essential for passing a course (Amended as per 8th ACM). This shall be applicable from 2013
admission onwards
23.4 The total combined marks obtained by a student out of 100 for a course having credits ‘a’ for
theory and ‘b’ for practical will be ax+by /a+b where ‘x’ is the marks obtained for theory and ‘y’ is the
marks obtained for practical, each out of 100. The grade point for a course is obtained by dividing the
combined marks by ten and correcting it to the second decimal.

24. Deleted

25. Revaluation
25.1 The student can make an application for revaluation of his /her answer paper(s) of the final
theory examination, if he/she is not satisfied with the first valuation, to the University duly
recommended by the Head of the institution and after paying the prescribed fee, for revaluation. In
any case, the fee paid by the student will not be refunded.
25.2 Application for revaluation shall be received by the Head of the institution concerned in the
prescribed form within a period of five days from the date of notification of the result by the University.
The Dean /Head of Institution will issue an order sanctioning the revaluation and inform the same to
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the Director (Acad.& Res.) immediately. He will also submit a panel of examiners, not less than three
for revaluation along with this. The Director (Acad. & Res.) will appoint examiner for revaluation.

26. Late arrival in examinations

No student who is more than 20 minutes late shall be allowed to sit for the examination. No student
will be allowed to leave the examination hall within 30 minutes after the commencement of the
examination.

27. Malpractice in examinations

27.1 If any student indulges in malpractice, the course teacher/supervisor shall enter his remarks on
the answer paper under his signature. The candidates shall not be allowed to complete the
examination and shall be sent out of the hall.
27.2 Before the candidate is allowed to leave the hall, a statement may be obtained from him and the
teacher/supervisor concerned shall report to the Head of the Institution immediately with full details
and remarks. If a student refuses to give a statement, the fact may be recorded by the
teacher/supervisor.
27.3 The Head of the Institution shall appoint a committee consisting of three faculty members of
which the chairman shall not be below the rank of Associate Professor to enquire into the alleged
malpractice (Amended as per 12th ACM).

27.4 The committee shall submit its findings within a specified time to the Head of the Institution
whose decision in the matter shall be final.

27.5 In case the Head of the Institution is satisfied that the student is guilty, he may be given a
suitable punishment which may include debarring the student for a specified period from attending
classes or recommending to the University the dismissal of the student.

28. Grade report

28.1 The course teachers shall maintain the academic record of the students registered for the
respective courses. At the end of the semester, the teacher shall report the internal marks of various
courses, marks of the final examination of experiential learning courses, marks for the practical
exams, practical records, RPCW, viva-voce etc. These marks shall be reported to the Head of the
Institution within five days, with the counter signature of the Head of the Department. Head of
Institution shall send the marks to the University within 5 days, for publishing the results.
28.2 The adviser shall fill up the Course-Registration cum-Grade cards and forward the same to the
Head of the Institution, before the commencement of the next semester. The Head of the Institution,
after scrutinizing the grades entered shall forward one copy to the Director (Acad.& Res.) return one
copy to the Adviser (to be handed over to the student) and retain one copy in his office.
28.3 It shall be the responsibility of the advisers to consolidate the grade reports of students under
them and calculate the OGPA at the end of each semester to facilitate to student’s registration of the
courses in the following semester.
28.4 The consolidated grade cards of the students shall be prepared by the University and the same
shall be forwarded in duplicate to the Head of the Institution. The Head of the Institution shall retain a
copy of this card in his office and forward the other copy to the concerned advisers for verification and
rectification of defects, if any, within 15 days after the receipt of the report. The verified/rectified grade
cards shall be transmitted to the University without any delay.

29. Registration for repeat / re-examination courses

29.1 A student who does not satisfy the attendance requirement in a course or gets a grade of “Zero”
shall repeat the course when it is offered again.

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29.2 A student who had failed or not secured the separate minimum of 50% kindly replace 50% with
40% (see clause 23.3) either in theory or practical examination in a particular course, he/she shall
appear for all the examinations prescribed for that course. However, for the regular practical class
work and practical record, the marks obtained by the student for the first time shall be taken into
account. For taking re-examination the student shall register for re-examination course. Re-
examination can be registered only as and when it is offered as a regular course. This shall be
applicable for 2012 and earlier admissions.
A student who had failed or not secured the separate minimum of 40% marks in internal and external
theory examination and practical examination in a particular course, he/she shall appear for all the
examinations prescribed for that course. However, for the regular practical class work and practical
record, the marks obtained by the student for the first time shall be taken into account. For taking re-
examination the student shall register for re-examination course. There will be provision for
registering for reexamination course in all the subsequent semesters. This shall be applicable from
2013 admission onwards.

29.3 A student may also register for re-examination course if he/she secured a grade point of 6.0 to
7.5 for improving the OGPA. This shall be applicable for 2012 and earlier admissions. In such cases,
he/she has to take all the scheduled examinations for that course. When a student registers for a re-
examination course, the grade point obtained earlier for the course shall automatically be cancelled,
and the grade point obtained in the re-examination courses shall be taken for OGPA calculation.

A student may also register for re-examination course if he/she secured a grade point of 6.0 to 7.0
for improving the OGPA. This shall be applicable from 2013 admission onwards. In such cases,
he/she has to take all the scheduled examinations for that course. When a student registers for a re-
examination course, the grade point obtained earlier for the course shall automatically be cancelled,
and the grade point obtained in the re-examination courses shall be taken for OGPA calculation

29.4 In the registration card, the symbol ‘R1, R2 or R3’ will indicate repeat courses and RE1, RE2 or
RE3 indicate re-examination courses, depending on the number of chances taken by the student.
This shall be applicable for 2012 and earlier admissions. The details of semester/s in which the
courses were registered earlier and the grade points secured shall also be shown in the registration
card

In the registration card, the symbol ‘R1, R2 or R3’ will indicate repeat courses and RE1or RE2
indicate re-examination courses, depending on the number of chances taken by the student. This
shall be applicable from 2013 admission onwards. The details of semester/s in which the courses
were registered earlier and the grade points secured shall also be shown in the registration card

Total credit points for the semester = 157.2

Total credit Hours for the semester = 21
Overall Grade point average = 157.2/21 = 7.485*
*The OGPA, calculated is rounded off to the third decimal point.
Please delete the underlined replace this area with 30 calculation of GPA\OGPA
30.2 The grade obtained and the credit assigned to a course in which a student fails, shall be taken
into account in calculating the Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA) until the student repeats that
course. But when the course is repeated, only the latest grade obtained for the course and the credit
points for it shall be taken into account and the previous credit points should be deducted while
calculating the Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA).

31. Credit requirements for award of degrees

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The credit requirements for the award of different degrees shall be as approved by the Academic
council from time to time.

30. Calculation of GPA/OGPA

30.1 The percentage - marks obtained by the student is converted to Grade Point by dividing the
marks with ten. To arrive at the Grade Point Average (GPA) and Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA)
at the end of a semester, the grade point of each course is multiplied by the credit hours of the course
to obtain the credit points. Then the sum of the credit points secured by the student in all the courses
registered till the end of that semester is divided by the total number of credit hours of all the courses
registered.

Example

Sl. Catalogue Title of the course Credit Grade Credit Symbol

No No Hours Point Point obtained

1 DE 1203 Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer 3 7.5 22.5

2 DE1204 Heat & mass transfer 2 7.6 15.2

3 DT1201 Market Milk 3 8.1 24.3

4 DC1204 Chemistry of Milk 3 7.8 23.4

5 DC1203 Biochemistry & Human Nutrition 3 4.5 F

13.5

6 DM1202 Introductory Dairy Microbiology 3 8.1 24.3

7 DH 1204 Dairy cattle physiology and 4 8.5

Nutrition 34.0

TOTAL 21 157.2

Total credit points for the semester = 157.2

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 Total credit Hours for the semester = 21
Overall Grade point average = 157.2/21 = 7.485 = 7.49*
*The OGPA, calculated is rounded off to the second decimal point.

32. Eligibility for the award of the degree

The successful completion of all the approved courses for the degree programme with an Overall Grade
Point Average (OGPA) of 7.0 shall be the minimum requirement for the award of the degree.

32.1 Classification and grading of results (Amended as per 9th (check whether it is 9th or 12th ACM)
Grade Points < 7.00 Fail
Grade Points 7.00 and above Pass
Grade Points 7.00 to 7.99 Second Class
Grade Points 8.00 to 8.99 First Class
Grade Points 9 and above First Class with distinction
Actually the amendment was done in 12th ACM for clause 34. Clause 32.1 is absent in B Tech academic
regulation and presented matter is contradicting to clause 34 which stands correct
33. Approval of final results and issue of provisional certificates and transcripts
33.1 The Vice-Chancellor shall approve the final results and the University shall issue provisional certificate
and transcript to the students. It shall be open to the Vice-Chancellor to withhold the result of a student on
any ground that may appear valid to him.
33.2 The transcript shall contain all the courses undergone and the grades secured by the student.
33.3 A recently taken passport size photo shall be affixed in the transcript of the student, at the time of
issue.

34. Award of Degree

The Degree namely, B.Tech. (D.Sc. &Tech.) shall be awarded under the seal of the University to students
who have satisfactorily completed the graduation requirements

Corresponding ranking of OGPA with respect to traditional scoring system of class ranking shall be as
follows:
7.00 to 7.49 – Third class
7.50 to 7.99 – Second class
8.00 to 8.49 – First class
8.50 and above - First class with distinction
The Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA) in ten point system shall be multiplied by 10 to convert the grade
into percentage (Amended as per 12th ACM).

35. Amending or cancelling the result

If the result of a candidate is discovered to be vitiated by error, malpractice, fraud, improper conduct or any
other reasons, the Vice- Chancellor shall have the power to amend the result in such a manner so as to
accord with the true position and to make such declaration as the Vice- Chancellor may deem necessary. If
it is found that the result of a candidate has been vitiated by malpractice, fraud or other improper conduct
whereby he/she has been benefited and that he/she has in the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor, been a party
to or connived at the malpractice, fraud or improper conduct, the Vice- Chancellor shall have the power at

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any time, notwithstanding the award of the Diploma or a Certificate or Prize or a Scholarship, to amend the
result of such candidate and to make such declaration as the Vice-Chancellor may deem necessary,
including debarring of the candidate from the University for such a period as may be specified and the
cancellation of the result of the candidate in such manner as the Vice-Chancellor may decide.

36. Removal of difficulties

36.1 If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of these regulations, the Vice-Chancellor may
issue necessary orders, which appear to him to be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty.
36.2 No order under Rule 36.1 shall be questioned on the ground that no difficulty as is referred to in the
said rule existed or was required to be removed.
36.3 Every order issued by the Vice-Chancellor under this provision shall be laid before the Academic
Council of the University.
36.4 Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations the Academic Council shall make changes
whenever necessary.

37. Guidelines for examination, evaluation and grading of various courses in the B.Tech. (D.Sc. &
Tech.) Degree Programme
37.1. The evaluation of the students shall be based on their performance in various kinds of examinations,
records, class work and other types of exercises.
37.2. There shall be an internal examination component and an external examination component as
semester final University examination. The internal examination component consists of a quiz conducted
around 35 days after the commencement of the semester with 10 % weightage and amid-term examination
conducted around 60 days after the commencement of the semester with a weightage of 30% marks.
37.3. The mid-term examination will be conducted and evaluated by the course teachers concerned under
the supervision of the Heads of Departments. Quiz shall be announced in the class hours.
37.4. A schedule of the internal examination shall be prepared by the Head of Institution and notified to the
students at the beginning of each semester.
37.5. There shall be a mid term examination week during which all the midterm examinations are to be
completed. The mid-term examination shall have a minimum of one hour duration.
37.6. The question papers of the internal examinations (mid-term) shall be approved by the Head of
Department concerned. The mid-term examination shall cover all the portions scheduled up to the mid-term
examination as per the approved schedule of classes.
37.7. Quiz and Mid-term examination papers shall be valued and marks awarded at the earliest possible
time but not later than 10 days from the date of examination. The valued answer papers may be shown to
the students. The student shall have the option to request the teacher for clarification of any doubts in
scoring when the answer scripts are made available to them. This shall not apply for semester final
examinations.
37.8. Supplementary examination shall be conducted as follows:
Student shall apply for the supplementary examination of internal exams (Mid-term/ quiz/practical), within
five working days of conclusion of concerned semester examination to the officer in charge of academics
duly recommended by the course teacher, student advisor and the Assistant warden in the case of
hostellers . Head of the institution is authorized to take final decision on applications received after the
stipulated time of five days.

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The officer in charge of academics shall place the request of the student in the committee consisting of
him/herself, Head of Department and a senior faculty member nominated by the Dean. The committee shall
examine the genuineness of the case and make its recommendation to the Head of the Institution.
Supplementary examination can be conducted only after prior sanction of the Head of Institution (Amended
as per 12th ACM).

37.9. For supplementary final examinations (external theory), the Head of the Institution shall submit the
case to the Vice Chancellor with his recommendation. Accidents, hospitalization, contagious diseases and
unexpected incidents are identified as genuine reasons to apply for supplementary examinations. These
exams will be conducted only in exceptional cases after careful scrutiny and prior approval of the Vice-
Chancellor (Amended as per 12th ACM).
37.10. The number of mid term and final supplementary examinations shall be limited to 3 sets each during
the whole course programme. One set means one or more examination(subject) including re-examination, if
any, in a scheduled set of examination in semester.
37.11. A register shall be maintained at the College and University level for documentation of the
supplementary examinations to avoid misuse of chances.
37.12. The students are permitted to withdraw a re-examination, if he desires, after notification of the
revaluation result of that course under the condition that the fees remitted shall not be refunded.
37.13. The course teacher shall keep the valued answer scripts of quiz and mid-term examination till the
final grades are awarded at the end of the semester.
37.14. Unless a student appears for the mid-term examination he/she is not eligible to appear for the
semester final examination in the course concerned.
37.15. The semester final theory examination shall have a weightage of 60 percent marks.
37.16. The semester final theory examination shall be conducted by the University. This shall be conducted
simultaneously in all the Colleges.
37.17. The final theory examination of each course shall be of a minimum of two and a half hours duration.
37.18. The final theory examination shall cover the total syllabi of the course.
37.19. Students shall be given 5 preparation holidays inclusive of public holidays for the final theory
examination. The preparatory holidays may be given before the examination or spread between the days of
examination.
37.20. For the final theory, there shall be only one examination in a day.
37.21. The question paper setters will be appointed by the University and the required number of question
papers handed over to the respective Deans in the appropriate time. Conduct of examinations and
invigilation arrangements shall be made by the Head of Institution concerned.
37.22. Institution-wise centralized valuation of answer scripts or procedures as decided by the University
from time to time shall be done and the teachers for evaluating answer scripts shall be appointed by the
University.
37.23. The answer scripts shall be properly packed, sealed and handed over to the Director (Acad.
&Res.)/Controller of Examinations/to the officer authorized.
37.24. Practical examination including Viva-voce for each course shall be conducted by a Board of
Examiners consisting of the course teacher, the Head of Department and another teacher from the
discipline nominated by the Head of Institution. The Head of Department shall be the Chairperson of the
Board of Examiners. In case another teacher from the same discipline is not available, the Head of
Institution may nominate a suitable person from another discipline.

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37.25. The marks allotted for theory and practical shall be in proportion to the credits for theory and practical
for each course.
37.26. The distribution of marks for theory and practical examination shall be as follows:
Theory
Quiz : 10%
Mid Term : 30%
Final (External ) : 60%
Practical
RCPW : 20%
Records : 20%
Final Practical : 50%
Viva -voce : 10%

Talent Marks
Talent Marks will be awarded to students who win anyone or more of the first three prizes in extracurricular
activities like sports/games/NCC/arts at inter University, state, national, international levels at the rates given
below:

First Prize- 4% of the scored marks

Second Prize - 3% of the scored marks
Third Prize - 2% of the scored marks

The following shall be the norms for awarding the talent marks to the students for outstanding performance
in sports/games/NCC/arts.
i. A student winning any of the said prizes in a Tournament/championship/Games/Meet/Arts Festival/ NCC
activities shall be granted talent marks at the rates applicable to the prize won by him/her.
ii. A student winning two or more of the said prizes in a Tournament/championship/Games/Meet/Arts
Festival/ NCC activities shall be granted talent marks at the rates applicable to only the highest prize won by
his/her.
iii. The granting of talent marks shall be restricted to solely the semester in which he/she practiced for most
of the time in preparing for the event(s) concerned. The said semester must be identified by the teacher in
charge of the event (teacher i/c of Sports and Games/NCC/Associate Patron) who shall be responsible for
preparing student for the event. The application for granting the talent marks duly certified by the teacher i/c
and supported with documental proof should be submitted to the Director(Academics & Research) well in
advance before the declaration of results through the Dean/Professor( Acad ) of the respective College.
iv. The talent marks (at the rate of the prize won) shall be granted to all the courses in which the
prizewinning student has registered and appeared for final examination in the concerned semester. The
talent marks will be added to the theory and practical part of each course.
v. The talent marks shall be granted to a student only once in a semester irrespective of the no. of
tournaments / championship / games / meet / NCC /arts festival relating solely to that semester.
vi. Talent Marks shall be granted during subsequent semesters too provided the student wins the said
prize(s) in tournaments / championship / games / meet / NCC / arts festival relating solely to that semester.
vii. Talent marks in part or full pertaining to one particular semester or tournaments /championship/games /
meet / NCC /arts festival shall not be allowed to be carried over to subsequent semesters.

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viii. Granting of talent marks shall be limited to such an extent that no beneficiary gets more than 100% in
any subjects upon adding the grace marks.
ix. Talent marks shall not be considered for the purpose of ranking.
37.27. The total combined marks obtained by a student out of 100 for a course having credits a’ for theory
and ‘b’ for practical will be (ax+by)/(a+b) where ‘x’ is the marks obtained for theory and ‘y’ is the marks
obtained for practical, each out of 100.
37.28. Separate minimum of 40 per cent marks in theory and practical examinations (see clause23.3) are
necessary for successful completion of a course with a minimum grade point 6.0. This shall be applicable
for 2012 and earlier admissions. To complete the degree requirement, the student shall have minimum
OGPA of 7.0 out of 10.0.

Separate minimum of 40 per cent marks in internal and external theory and practical examinations are
necessary for successful completion of a course with a minimum grade point 6.0. To complete the degree
requirement, the student shall have minimum OGPA of 7.0 out of 10.0. This shall be applicable from 2013
admission onwards. (Amended as per 8th ACM).

37.29. For arriving at OGPA the value calculated shall be rounded off to the third decimal point.
37.30. No student who is late by more than 20 minutes will be allowed to sit for the examination. Similarly
no student will be allowed to leave the examination hall within 30 minutes after the commencement of the
examination.

38. Rules for Work Experience Programme for B.Tech. (D.Sc. & Tech.) Course
38.1. The B.Tech (D.Sc. & Tech.) course curriculum stipulates successful completion of three work
experience courses during the VII & VIII semesters as part of the requirements for the degree programme.
38.2. The work experience programme is divided into three parts. First part, DT 4112 is intended for
undergoing hands on training and Experiential learning in the Experiential Dairy plant and Extension training
during the VII semester. The second part DH 4205 is intended for gaining practical experience in the
management of an organised Dairy farm. This training is scheduled in the VIII semester and the duration is
for 30 days. The third part, DT 4213 is intended for gaining practical experience in the operation,
maintenance and management of a large commercial Dairy plant. This training is scheduled in the VIII
semester and the duration of the training is 70 days. The date of commencement and termination of the
work experience programme will be announced by the Dean.
38.3. To register for the Hands on Training and Experiential Training course DT 4112, the students should
have completed satisfactorily the minimum residential requirements of six semesters excluding period of
discontinuance, if any. The students will be divided into different groups and one course teacher will be
nominated for coordinating the activities of the hands on training and the extension training programme.
However, the entire training programme will be under the control of the Dean.
38.4. To register for the work experience courses DT 4213 and DH 4205, the students should have
completed satisfactorily the minimum residential requirements of seven semesters excluding period of
discontinuance, if any. The students will be divided into different groups and will be sent to different
commercial Dairy Plants for a period of 70 days for the course DT 4213. The students will be sent to the
different organised Dairy farms for a period of 30 days for the course DH 4205. The Dean will nominate the
course teachers for both the work experience courses and they have to monitor the training. However, the
entire training programme will be under the control of the Dean.

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38.5. The students have to report before the course teacher and register themselves for the Work
Experience Programme on the date of commencement after paying the prescribed fees.
38.6. Late registration will not be permitted normally. However, in exceptional cases according to the rules in
force for late registration of courses, the Dean may sanction late registration. The days so lost will be
adjusted by extending the work experience programme for a corresponding period.
38.7. Students have to strictly observe the rules and regulations of the institution where he/she is deputed
for undergoing the work experience programme. He/She has to satisfy the minimum attendance
requirement of 80% for the Hands on training and Experiential learning programme.
DT 4112 and 90% for the work experience programmes DH 4205 and DT 4213. As directed by the Officer-
in-charge, the student is required to attend to all the activities both technical and administrative, pertaining
to the institution where he/she is posted.
38.8. Leave for a period longer than 10 days shall be granted only by the Dean. Request for leave must be
accompanied by relevant documental evidences and forwarded through the officer-in-charge of the
institution with due recommendation where the student undergoes the training. Leave of shorter duration
shall be granted by the Head of the unit where the student undergoes the training. In all such cases where
leave has been sanctioned beyond the eligible limit, the period of the course shall be extended
correspondingly.
38.9. Attendance is compulsory for internship training. The intern is eligible for ten days casual leave during
the entire internship programme. The leave cannot be claimed as a matter of right until and unless the
sanctioning authority sanctions it. Unauthorized absence even if for part of a day or during off hours duty
(including Sundays/holidays) will be treated as absent. Such candidates shall undergo training for the
additional days, in lieu of the absence period. Internship allowance will not be paid for these additional days.
University can allow a student enrolled for internship training for externship in a recognized institute outside
the state or country provided the facilities available are comparable or superior (Amended as per 12th ACM).
38.10. The course teachers for the work experience programme shall visit the various institutions where the
students are undergoing training to make an on- the-spot assessment of the students participation in the
work experience programme. The students shall maintain a daily diary of the work carried out by him/her
and get it approved every week by the Officer-in-charge of the institution. This diary should be available with
them while on duty and should be produced on demand for inspection by the course teacher/other officials
of the University.
On completion of training at an institution, the officer-in-charge of the unit shall counter sign the work diary
maintained by the students and shall make an assessment of the work of the candidate based on a
proforma prescribed showing the details of attendance etc and forward the same to the Dean in a
confidential cover. This report will be given due weightage at the time of evaluation of the work diary. On
final completion of the work experience programme, the students shall consolidate the work diary
maintained at various institutions and shall submit the same in bound form of A-4 size to the course teacher
for the final evaluation of the work experience programme.
38.11. Evaluation of the Hands on training programme DT 4112 and Work experience programme DT 4213
and DH 4205 consists of two parts: one pertaining to the training period and the other pertaining to a post
training examination. The course teachers shall evaluate the training undergone by the student on the basis
of the work diary submitted by the student and the proforma forwarded by the officer-in- charge of the units
where the student has undergone training. A total of 50 marks will be allotted for the work diary. A student
getting minimum 30 marks for the work diary will be considered to have undergone the training satisfactorily
and will become eligible for appearing in the post training examination.

17
38.12. Those students whose Hands on training for the course DT 4112 has been adjudged as
unsatisfactory based on work diary (less than 30 marks)/confidential report not containing 80% of
attendance shall undergo the training in the experimental dairy plant for another semester. Those students
whose work experience programme for the courses DT 4213 and DH 4205 has been adjudged as
unsatisfactory based on work diary (less than 30marks) /confidential report containing percentage of
attendance shall undergo the training for another semester for the course at an institution decided by the
Dean. No stipend will be given for the above period of training repeated by the students.
38.13. The post training examination for the Hands on training DT 4112 will be conducted at the end of the
VII semester by a committee consisting of Dean, Head of the Experimental Dairy plant and the course
coordinator. A total of 50 marks will be allotted for the post training examination(40 marks for theory, 10
marks for viva). A student getting minimum of 30 marks will be considered to have passed the post training
examination. Student getting less than 30marks in the post training examination will be graded as ‘US’ and
will be required to appear for a re-examination as a separate semester, the date of which will be decided by
the Dean.
38.14. A letter grade of S/US will be given for the Hands on training programme based on the evaluation of
the training report and the post training examination conducted by a committee constituted by the Dean. A
student getting minimum of 30 marks for the training report and 30 marks for the post training examination
will be considered to have obtained the satisfactory grade ‘S’ and will be considered to have passed the
Hands on training course successfully.
38.15. Evaluation of DT 4213 and DH 4205 consists of two parts: one pertaining to the training period and
the other pertaining to the post training examination. The course teachers shall evaluate the training
undergone by the student on the basis of the work diary submitted by the student and proforma forwarded
by the officer in charge of the units where the student has undergone training. A total of50 marks will be
allotted for the work diary. A student getting minimum of 30 marks for the work diary will be considered to
have undergone the training satisfactory and will become eligible for appearing in the post training
examination.
38.16. The post training examination for DT 42l3 and DH 4205 will be conducted as a comprehensive
examination which includes both written test and viva-voce. Written examination shall be arranged by the
course teachers. Viva-voce will be conducted by a board comprising of Dean as the chairman, two faculty
members nominated by Dean and an external expert appointed by the University. The special invitee shall
be a qualified dairy professional from a reputed dairy/food industry or an academician in the area of Dairy
Science (Dairy Technology/Dairy Microbiology/Dairy Chemistry/Dairy Husbandry/ Dairy Engineering) from
universities other than Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
38.17. A total of 50 marks will be allotted for comprehensive examination (40 marks for theory, 10 marks for
viva). A student getting a minimum of 60% marks separately for theory and viva voce will be considered to
have a satisfactory grade ‘S’ and passed the comprehensive examination. The evaluation of DT 42l3 and
DH 4205 will be done separately.
38.18. A student who is graded as ‘US’ in the comprehensive examination has to undergo internship training
for a duration of two more calendar months in the stations as specified by the Dean/ Head of the institution
at their own cost and should present himself /herself for evaluation at a later date.
38.19. Credit hours for the work experience courses shall not be counted for calculation of OGPA.

39. Rules for the Study Tours for B.Tech. (D.Sc. & Tech.) Course

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39.1. There shall be two study tours viz, South India study tour and All India study tour under the UG
programme. These shall be non-credit courses and compulsory. The catalogue number and title of the
courses shall be as follows:
STUR 1 - South India Study Tour
STUR 2 - All India Study Tour.
The students shall register for these courses at the beginning of the respective semester in which it is
proposed to be held. The grade awarded shall be either Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory and denoted by letter
grades ‘S’ and ‘US’ respectively.
39.2. The total duration of the two tours taken together shall be limited to 30 days.
39.3. Duration of each tour will be as decided by the Dean without exceeding the total duration specified in
clause 2 above.
39.4. It shall be compulsory for a student to attend and participate in the tour on all days. However in
unavoidable circumstances like sickness of the individual etc., the tour leader, at his discretion may exempt
a student from attending the tour for a limited number of days. Those students who abstain from the tour
unauthorized for any part of the tour will be awarded the grade ‘US’.
39.5. Performance of the student during the tour shall be evaluated by the course teacher as follows:
a. Regular participation and involvement - 30
b. Tour/work diary - 20
c. Final report - 30
d. Viva-Voce examination - 20
Total - 100
A student securing 60% marks and above shall be awarded the letter grade ‘S’ (Satisfactory)failing
which it shall be ‘US’ (Unsatisfactory). A student securing grade ‘S’ is considered to have passed the
course. A student securing ‘US’ and a student whose absence is with valid reasons and it is with the prior
permission of the Head of the institution shall undergo field experience in farms/institutions allotted by the
Deans concerned at their own expenses for a period equivalent to the total period of that study tour.
However, a part of the compensation preferably one week shall be carried out in a college/institution outside
the state. The compensation shall be done only after the tour period. The Instructional Farms of the colleges
shall be exempted for undergoing the tour compensatory farm training. The criteria for evaluation shall be
the same as prescribed above. Items (a), (b) and (c) shall be evaluated by the course teacher. In the case
of field experience, the head of station concerned shall be the course teacher. The viva-voce shall be
conducted by an examination board consisting of three members including the course teacher. Other two
members shall be nominated by the Dean where the student undergoes field experience. The tour/work
diary and final report shall be submitted to the course teacher not later than 30 days from the date of
completion of the tour. In the case of field experience it shall be one week.

40. Removal of difficulties

40.1. If any difficulty arises in giving effect to the provisions of these regulations, the Vice-Chancellor may
issue necessary orders which appear to him to be necessary or expedient for removing the difficulty.
40.2. No orders made under rule 40.1. shall be questioned on the ground that no difficulty as envisaged in
the said sub-section existed or was required to be removed.
40.3. Every order issued by the Vice-chancellor under this provision shall be laid before the Academic
Council of the university as soon as possible.

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41. Not withstanding anything contained in these regulations, the Academic Council can make
changes as and when found necessary.

20