Designation: D 3350 – 02a

Standard Specification for

Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings Materials1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3350; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

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1. Scope * D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.1 This specification covers the identification of polyeth- tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement2
ylene plastic pipe and fittings materials in accordance with a D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2
cell classification system. It is not the function of this specifi- D 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
cation to provide specific engineering data for design purposes, by Extrusion Plastometer2
to specify manufacturing tolerances, or to determine suitability D 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion
for use for a specific application. Materials for Wire and Cable2
1.2 Polyethylene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, are D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
reprocessable and recyclable (Note 2). This specification al- Gradient Technique2
lows for the use of those polyethylene materials, provided that D 1603 Test Method for Carbon Black in Olefin Plastics2
all specific requirements of this specification are met. D 1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking of
Ethylene Plastics2
NOTE 1—The notes in this specification are for information only and D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3
shall not be considered part of this specification.
NOTE 2—See Guide D 5033 for information and definitions related to
D 1928 Practice for Preparation of Compression-Molded
recycled plastics. Polyethylene Test Sheets and Test Specimens4
D 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials5
standard. D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics6
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D 4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Extrusion Materials7
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D 5033 Guide for the Development of ASTM Standards
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Relating to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics7
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. F 1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure the
NOTE 3—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. Resistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipes
1.5 For information regarding Molding and Extrusion Ma- and Resins5
terials see Specification D 4976. For information regarding 2.2 ISO Standard:
Wire and Cable Materials see Specification D 1248. ISO 12162 Thermoplastic Materials for Pipes and Fittings
for Pressure Applications— Classification and
2. Referenced Documents Designation— Overall Service (Design) Coefficient
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3. Terminology
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing2
D 638M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics3 3.1 Definitions—Terms as described in Terminology D 883
D 746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics shall apply in this specification.
and Elastomers by Impact2 3.1.1 polyethylene plastics—as defined by this specification,
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced plastics or resins prepared by the polymerization of no less than
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi- 85 % ethylene and no less than 95 % of total olefins with
als2 additional compounding ingredients.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 materials—polyethylene (PE) resins with the added
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on compounding ingredients.
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
Materials.
4
Current edition approved August 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally Discontinued; see 2001 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
5
published as D 3350 – 74. Last previous edition D 3350 – 02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
3 7
Discontinued; see 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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3.2.2 PE compounds—has the same meaning as PE plastics 3.3.2.3 Grade = simplified line callout system using “PE”
materials, compounds, and plastics. followed by density and slow crack growth cell numbers from
3.3 Historical usage and user group conventions have re- Table 1.
sulted in inconsistent terminology used to categorize and 3.3.3 Specification D 4976:
describe polyethylene resins and compounds. The following 3.3.3.1 Group (1, 2) = branched or linear polyethylene.
terminology is in use in ASTM specifications pertaining to 3.3.3.2 Class (5, 1, 2, 3, 4) = density ranges (same,
polyethylene: respectively, as Type in Specification D 1248).
3.3.1 Specification D 1248: 3.3.3.3 Grade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as
3.3.1.1 Type (0, I, II, III, IV) = density ranges (same, Category in Specification D 1248).
respectively, as Class in Specification D 4976).
3.3.1.2 Class (A, B, C, D) = composition and use. 4. Classification
3.3.1.3 Category (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same as
Grade in Specification D 4976). 4.1 Polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings compounds are
3.3.1.4 Grade (E, J, D, or W followed by one or two digits) classified in accordance with density, melt index, flexural
= specific requirements from tables. modulus tensile strength at yield, environmental stress-crack
3.3.2 Specification D 3350: resistance, and the hydrostatic design basis at 23°C in Table 1.
3.3.2.1 Type (I, II, III) = density ranges (same as Types I, II, NOTE 4—It has been a long-standing practice to use the following terms
and III in Specification D 1248 and Classes 1, 2, and 3 in in describing polyethylene plastics:
Specification D 4976). Type I (0.910 to 0.925) = Low Density
3.3.2.2 Class = a line callout system consisting of “PE” Type II (0.926 to 0.940) = Medium Density
Type III (0.941 to 0.965) = High Density
followed by six cell numbers from Table 1 plus a letter (A, B,
C, D, E) denoting color and UV stabilizer. NOTE 5—The manner in which materials are identified in the cell

TABLE 1 Primary Properties—Cell Classification Limits

Property Test Method 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
1 Density, g/cm D 1505 Unspecified 0.925 or >0.925 – >0.940 – >0.955 ... ... specify value
lower 0.940 0.955

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A
2 Melt index D 1238 Unspecified >1.0 1.0 to 0.4 <0.4 to 0.15 <0.15 specify value

3 Flexural modulus, MPa D 790 Unspecified <138 138 – <276 276 – <552 552 – <758 758 – <1103 >1103 specify value
(psi) (<20 000) (20 000 to (40 000 to (80 000 to (110 000) to (>160 000)
<40 000) 80 000) 110 000) <160 000)

4 Tensile strength at yield, D 638 Unspecified <15 15 – <18 18 – <21 21 – <24 24 – <28 >28 specify value
MPa (psi) (<2200) (2200– (2600– (3000– (3500– (>4000)
<2600) <3000) <3500) <4000)

5 Slow Crack Growth

Resistance
I. ESCR D 1693 Unspecified
a. Test condition A B C C ... ... specify value
(100% Igepal.)
b. Test duration, h 48 24 192 600
c. Failure, max, % Unspecified 50 50 20 20 specify value
II. PENT (hours) F 1473
Molded plaque, 0.1 1 3 10 30 100
80°C, 2.4 MPa
Notch depth, F 1473, Unspecified specify value
Table 1

6 Hydrostatic Strength
Classification
I. Hydrostatic D 2837 NPRB 5.52 6.89 8.62 11.03 ... ...
design basis, MPa (800) (1000) (1250) (1600)
(psi), (23°C)
II. Minimum required ISO 12162 ... ... ... ... ... 8 10
strength, MPa (1160) (1450)
(psi), (20°C)
A
Refer to 10.1.4.1.
B
NPR = Not Pressure Rated.

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 D 3350 – 02a
classification is illustrated for Class PE233424B as follows (refer also to 6. Physical Properties
Table 1 and 6.2):
6.1 Cell Classification—Test values for specimens of the PE
material prepared as specified in Section 9 and tested in
accordance with Section 10 shall conform to the requirements
given in Table 1. A typical property value for a PE material is
to be the average value from testing numerous lots or batches
and determines the cell number. When, due to manufacturing
tolerances and testing bias, individual lot or batch values fall
into the adjoining cell, the individual value shall not be
considered acceptable unless the user, or both the user and the
producer, determine that the individual lot or batch is suitable
for its intended purpose.
6.2 Color and Ultraviolet (UV) Stabilizer—The color and
UV stabilization shall be indicated at the end of the cell
classification by means of a letter designation in accordance
with the following code:
4.2 Materials used in polyethylene plastic pipe and fittings Code Letter Color and UV Stabilizer
shall use a cell-type format for the identification, close char- A Natural
acterization, and specification of material properties. The B Colored

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C Black with 2 % minimum carbon black
information from the format is to be used alone or in D Natural with UV stabilizer
combination. E Colored with UV stabilizer

NOTE 6—This type format, however, is subject to possible misapplica- 6.3 Thermal Stability—The PE material shall contain suffi-
tion since unobtainable property combinations can be selected if the user cient antioxidant so that the minimum induction temperature
is not familiar with commercially available materials. The manufacturer shall be 220°C when tested in accordance with 10.1.9.
should be consulted. Additionally, the appropriate ASTM standard speci- 6.4 Brittleness Temperature—The brittleness temperature
fication should be reviewed to assure materials utilized will meet all the
shall not be warmer than −60°C when tested in accordance
material and piping requirements as specified in the standard.
with Test Method D 746.
4.3 Grade—A code for polyethylene pipe and fittings ma- 6.5 Density—The density used to classify the material shall
terials that consists of the two letter abbreviation for polyeth- be the density of the PE base resin (uncolored PE) determined
ylene (PE) followed by two numbers that designate the density in accordance with 10.1.3. When the average density of any lot
cell (Property 1) and the slow crack growth resistance cell or shipment falls within 60.002 g/cm3 of the nominal value, it
(Property 5), as defined by either Test Method F 1473 or Test shall be considered as conforming to the nominal value and to
Method D 1693, of the thermoplastic, as specified in Table 1. all classifications based on the nominal value.
When the Property 5 (slow crack growth resistance) value is 4 6.5.1 For black compounds, containing carbon black, deter-
or 6, a 4 shall be used in the grade designation. For the mine the density, Dp, and calculate the resin density, Dr, as
requirements of Property 5 (slow crack growth resistance), follows:
consult the materials section of the appropriate ASTM standard Dr5Dp20.0044C
specification for the end-use application.
where:
NOTE 7—Grade designations were adapted from Specification D 1248 -
84 prior to the removal of pipe material from D 1248 - 84. Former
C = weight percent of carbon black.
Specification D 1248 - 84 grades for PE pipe materials were P14, P23, 6.5.2 For colored compounds, the nominal density of the
P24, P33, and P34. Equivalent Specification D 3350 grade designations base resin shall be provided by the manufacturer, on request.
for these materials are PE11, PE20, PE23, PE30, and PE33, respectively. 6.6 Tensile Strength at Yield—The tensile strength at yield
used to classify the material shall be the tensile strength at yield
5. Materials and Manufacture of the PE resin determined in accordance with 10.1.6. When
5.1 The molding and extrusion material shall be polyethyl- the average tensile strength at yield of any lot or shipment falls
ene plastic in the form of powder, granules, or pellets. within 63.45 MPa (6500 psi) of the nominal value, it shall be
5.2 The molding and extrusion materials shall be as uniform considered as conforming to the nominal value and to all
in composition and size and as free of contamination as is classifications based on the nominal value.
achieved by good manufacturing practice. If necessary, the 6.7 Elongation at Break—As tested per 10.1.6, all pressure
level of contamination may be agreed upon between the rated materials shall have a minimum extension at break of
manufacturer and the purchaser. 500 % as determined by grip separation.
5.3 When specified, the color and translucence of molded or
extruded pieces formed, under the conditions specified by the 7. Sampling
manufacturer of the materials, shall be comparable within 7.1 A batch or lot shall be considered as a unit of manufac-
commercial match tolerances to the color and translucence of ture and shall consist of one production run or as a blend of two
standard samples supplied in advance by the manufacturer of or more production runs of material.
the material. 7.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer

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 D 3350 – 02a

FIG. 1 Mounting Film Specimen in Cup

and the purchaser, the material shall be sampled in accordance determined in accordance with the following test methods:
with the procedure described in Sections 9 through 12 of 10.1.1 Conditioning— Unless otherwise specified in the test
Practice D 1898. Adequate statistical sampling prior to pack- methods or in this specification, for those tests where condi-
aging shall be considered an acceptable alternative. tioning is required, condition the molded test specimens in
NOTE 8—A sample taken from finished product may not necessarily accordance with Procedure A of Practice D 618.
represent the original batch or lot. 10.1.2 Test Conditions— Unless otherwise specified in the
test methods or in this specification, conduct tests at the
8. Number of Tests Standard Laboratory Temperature of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F).
8.1 The requirements identified by the material designation 10.1.3 Density—Test Method D 1505 or alternative meth-
and otherwise specified in the purchase order shall be verified ods providing equivalent accuracy as described in Methods A
by tests made in accordance with 11.1. For routine inspection, or B of Test Methods D 792. Make duplicate determinations
only those tests necessary to identify the material to the using two separate portions of the same molding or from two
satisfaction of the purchaser shall be required. One sample moldings. The molded specimen thickness portions shall be
shall be sufficient for testing each batch or lot provided that the 1.9 6 0.2 mm (0.075 6 0.008 in.). Calculate the average
average values for all of the tests made on that batch or lot value.
comply with the specified requirements. 10.1.4 Melt Index—Test Method D 1238, using Condition
9. Specimen Preparation 190/2.16. Make duplicate determinations on the material in the
form of powder, granules, or pellets, and calculate the average;
9.1 Unless otherwise specified in Section 10, the test speci- no conditioning is required.
mens shall be molded in accordance with Procedure C of
10.1.4.1 Classify materials having a melt index less than
Practice D 1928.
0.15 (Cell 4) as Cell 5 only if they have a flow rate not greater
9.2 When pipe or fitting test specimens are required, they
than 4.0 g/10 min when tested in accordance with Test Method
shall be extruded or molded in accordance with the specifica-
D 1238, Condition 190/21.6.
tions of the material manufacturer.
NOTE 9—Flow rate is the general term used for all results obtained with
10. Test Methods Test Method D 1238. Although the flow rate of polyethylene plastics may
10.1 The properties enumerated in this specification shall be be measured under any of the conditions listed for it under 7.2 of Test
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 D 3350 – 02a

FIG. 2 Typical DSC Plots

Method D 1238, only measurements made at Condition 190/2.16 may be L = test span = 50 mm (2 in.),
identified as “Melt Index.” d = specimen depth = 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.), and
10.1.5 Flexural Modulus— Test Methods D 790, using b = specimen width = 12.7 mm (1⁄2 in.).
Method 1, Procedure B, and a 50-mm (2-in.) test span. Test five The secant modulus at 2 % strain is the ratio of stress to
specimens, each 3.2 by 12.7 mm (1⁄8 by 1⁄2 in.) flatwise at a strain or S/0.02.
crosshead speed of 12.7 mm/min (0.5 in./min) and the average 10.1.6 Tensile Strength at Yield—The tensile strength at
value of the secant modulus calculated at 2 % strain in the yield shall be determined in accordance with Test Method
outer fibers. D 638 except that rate of grip separation shall be 500 mm/min
10.1.5.1 The deflection of the test specimen corresponding (20 in./min for materials in the density range from 0.910 to
to 2 % strain (0.02 mm/mm or in./in.) is calculated as follows: 0.925 g/cm3) and 50 mm/min (2 in./min for all others).
D5rL2/6d
Specimens shall conform to the dimensions given for Type IV
in Test Method D 638 with a thickness of 1.9 6 0.2 mm
where: (0.075 6 0.008 in.). Specimen shall be either die cut or
D = deflection of the center of the beam test specimen at machined.
2 % strain, in., 10.1.7 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—One method shall
r = strain in the outer fibers = 0.02 mm/mm (0.02 in./in.), be used to classify this material property.
L = test span = 50 mm (2 in.), and 10.1.7.1 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—The material’s
d = specimen depth = 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.). resistance shall meet the minimum requirement shown for the
10.1.5.2 The stress corresponding to 2 % strain is calculated appropriate cell classification when tested in accordance with
as follows: Test Method D 1693.
S53 PL/2 bd 2 10.1.7.2 Slow Crack Growth Resistance—The average fail-
ure time from two test specimens shall meet the minimum
where: requirement shown for the appropriate cell classification when
S = stress in the outer fiber at 2 % strain, tested in accordance with Test Method F 1473. Test at least
P = load corresponding to 2 % strain, N (lbf),
four specimens in case of a dispute.
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10.1.8 Hydrostatic Strength Classification—One method the cups shall be pressed and rubbed securely against the flat
shall be used to classify this material property. surface so as to ensure that thermal contact is made. Allow 5
10.1.8.1 Hydrostatic Design Basis—Determine the hydro- min for the cups to reach thermal equilibrium. Begin the
static design basis in accordance with Test Method D 2837, on programmed heating at approximately 150°C at a heating rate
pipe extruded from three different lots of material. Subject of 10.0°C/min in static air. Test at least three film specimens
specimens from one lot for at least 10 000 h. Terminate the from each sample and use the average value for the induction
tests on the two additional lots after 2000 h. The results from temperature.
each of the three lots shall be within the same or next higher NOTE 12—Since the indium standard may change with use, it should
cell limits. not be used more than 30 times without confirming that no significant
NOTE 10—For pressure application at elevated temperatures, the hy- change in melting point has occurred. This check can be made by
drostatic design basis should be determined at that temperature in comparison with a fresh piece of indium.
accordance with Test Method D 2837. The 100 000-h intercept should be 10.1.9.3 Results—The temperature change (DT) or heat
categorized in accordance with Table 1 of Test Method D 2837. absorption rate (J/s) in the specimen plotted against tempera-
10.1.8.2 Minimum Required Strength—Determine the mini- ture shall produce a line with a clear rise in slope. The
mum required strength in accordance with ISO 12162. induction temperature (degradation onset) is the intersection of
10.1.9 Thermal Stability—Test specimens taken from pipe the extended base line and a line tangent to the leading slope of
or fittings made from the virgin material with a differential the exothermic decomposition peak (see Fig. 2).
scanning calorimeter (DSC).8 The directions of the instrument 10.1.10 Carbon Black Content—Test Method D 1603 shall
manufacturer regarding calibration and operation shall be be used. Make duplicate determinations from a sample of the
followed except when in conflict with other parts of this material in the form of powder, granules, or pellets.
section.
11. Inspection
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NOTE 11—This test requires accurate temperature and atmosphere

control on the DSC specimen compartment. The DSC manufacturers offer 11.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon
choices in cell configuration and temperature control parameters that may between the purchaser and the manufacturer as part of the
affect this required control. For example, in some power compensation purchase contract.
DSCs, use of the two-hole platinum specimen holder lids with a special
“flow-through” swing-away block cover is required. Therefore, the user 12. Retest and Rejection
may wish to consult equipment-specific literature and with the equipment 12.1 If any failure occurs, and when specified by the
manufacturer to optimize the operation of individual DSCs for this test. manufacturer, the material shall be retested to establish con-
10.1.9.1 Specimens—Press small pieces of the pipe into formity in accordance with the agreement between the pur-
films 0.127 6 0.013 mm (0.0050 6 0.0005 in.) thick. Cut at chaser and the manufacturer.
least three disks 6.35 6 0.13 mm (0.250 6 0.005 in.) in
diameter from the film. 13. Packaging and Marking
10.1.9.2 Procedure—Place the disk of film in a small 13.1 Packaging—The material shall be packaged in stan-
aluminum cup used in the DSC in a stretched condition, as dard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensure
shown in Fig. 1(a). Place a small piece of indium (melting acceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportation
point 156.6°C) or anisic acid (melting point 183.0°C) for a at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise
temperature reference standard contained in a similar cup (see specified in the contract or order.
Fig. 1(b)) in the reference position. Use an oxidized copper 13.2 Marking—Unless otherwise agreed upon between the
reference disk for black, filled, or dark brown test specimens seller and the purchaser, shipping containers shall be marked
and an aluminum disk for natural or light pigmented polymers. with the name of the material, identification in accordance with
Place the specimen and reference standard cups in the instru- this specification, the lot or batch number and quantity con-
ment which is preset at approximately 150°C. The bottoms of tained therein, as defined by the contract or order under which
shipment is made, and the name of the manufacturer.
13.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
8
Instruments are available from TA Instruments, Perkin-Elmer, and others. Practice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.

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 D 3350 – 02a
14. Keywords
14.1 cell classification system; pipe and fittings material;
polyethylene; recycled

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This section identifies the location of selected changes to this specification. For the convenience of the user,
Committee D20 has highlighted those changes that may impact the use of this specification. This section may
also include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.

D 3350–02a: (2) Added ISO 9080 and ISO 12162 to the Referenced
(1) Deleted all references to ISO 9080 (Paragraphs 2.2, Documents section.
10.1.8.2, and Table 1). (3) Revised Note 6.
D 3350–02: (4) Revised subsection 10.1.8.
(1) Added a sentence to 4.3.
D 3350–00:
(2) Revised Note 7.
D 3350–01: (1) Added 3.3.
(1) Revised Table 1, Property 6 to add MRS values as cells 5 D 3350–99:
and 6. (1) Revised Table 1, Property 1, Cells 1, 2, and 3.

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