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Module 04 Tables

Module 04 Tables

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26 views

Module 04 Tables

Module 04 Tables

Uploaded by

tenri ashari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3: Tables

This module focuses on tables as typically used to


present results from a project or other activity
involving data. It also addresses the issues
pertinent to deciding when to use a table in a report
and when to use a graph. Different types of graphs
are considered in subsequent modules.

Reviewed 5 April 05 /MODULE 3

4-1
Tables and Graphs
• Purpose: To display data so that they can be
readily understood.

• Principle: Tables and graphs should contain


enough information to be self-sufficient
without reliance on material within the text of the
document of which they are a part.

• Tables and graphs share some common features,


but for any specific situation, one is likely to be
more suitable than the other.
4-2
Titles and Sources
• Titles: What, How Classified, Where, and When
• Titles should specifically state what is being included
in the cells of a table or the points plotted on a graph. With
respect to a table cell, the title should clearly state what is
in the cell, how the cells are classified, where the data
were collected and when they were collected.
• Titles should not state the purpose of the table or graph--a
common mistake.
• Source: If a table or graph contains information from another
published source, then that source should be indicated
with a "source" statement.
4-3
Graphs and Tables

Graphs and tables should stand alone in a report.


This means that the reader should not have to refer
to the text in order to understand and interpret the
information in them. In practice this means, they
require descriptive titles and clear, meaningful
labels.

4-4
Good Title

What, How Classified, Where, When

Number and Percent of Current Smokers for Jefferson


County, AL, by Ethnicity, Gender and Age, Smoking
Assessment Survey, 2001

4-5
Uninformative Title

What, How Classified, Where, When

Comparison of Criterion Standard Research and Bad


Outcome—Focused Quality Assurance

4-6
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Checklist for Preparing Tables

Delays in publication often occur because, in the final


stages of acceptance of a paper, tables still need
refinement. The page in every issue devoted to “What
AJPH Authors Should Know” and our Annotation
“Seven Fatal Flaws in Submitted Manuscripts” (Am J
Public Health 1994;84(5):718-719) provide guidance on
preparing tables for the Journal. Use of the following
checklist will help assure that our requirements are met:

4-7
AJPH Checklist for Preparing Tables (contd.)

• Each table stands alone; readers need not refer to the


text for understanding.
• The titles fully explain the data displayed; they are
comprehensible apart from the text.
• Displays are brief and clear with a minimum of
statistical abbreviations.
• Where appropriate, tables provide measures of
uncertainty along with point estimates (e.g., standard
deviations with means).
• All but universal abbreviations are spelled out, except
where explained in footnotes.
4-8
AJPH Checklist for Preparing Tables (contd.)

• Overall sample sizes (N’s) are presented at the top of each


table or column. Percentages alone appear within individual
cells if the N’s can be reconstructed, except where numbers are
small.
• Confidence intervals are provided rather than beta coefficients
and p values (e.g., for logistic regression analyses).
• Redundancy is eliminated between text and tables.

4-9
AJPH Checklist for Preparing Tables (contd.)

• Only results essential to the main thesis are presented.


Appendices available upon request from the author or
deposited with the National Auxiliary Publication Service
(NAPS) can contain additional results and supplementary
material. (Information on NAPS is available from AJPH.) An
appropriate footnote will be added to the text.
• Once a paper is accepted, authors must obtain permission for
the use of tables and parts of tables copyrighted elsewhere.
The permission letter, in which the publisher grants the
specific use requested, must be sent to the Journal office.

4 - 10
AJPH Table Format

4 - 11
AJPH Table Format

4 - 12
Typical JAMA Table Format

4 - 13
MMWR Table Format

4 - 14

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