ABSTRACT

This thesis deals with the design, development and fabrication of multipurpose mechanical
machine which perform three operations at a time namely drilling, cutting and shaping.
Today we see that these operations are the heart of any workshop/machine shop and they are
indispensable, so for the time saving of any organisation three different operation on three
different job can be performed simultaneously, however jigs and fixtures are required to
attain this, but when our need is specified and particular then this machine can be a time
saving equipment.
This machine is automatic and controlled by electric motor and it is based on the scotch yoke
mechanism. It can be used in small scale industries/workshop to work upon thin metallic
sheets and on wood in carpentry shop.

TABLE OF CONTENT

S.no. CONTENT Page no.

1 Chapter 1: project definition

1.1 Problem statement

1.2 Problem identification
2 Chapter 2: mechanism of multipurpose mechanical
machine

2.1 Objective

2.2 Theory

2.3 Scotch yoke mechanism

3 Chapter 3: design of model

3.1 Components

3.2 Calculation

3.3 Advantage

4 Chapter 4: operation of machine

4.1 drilling

4.2 shaping

4.3 cutting
5 Chapter 5: project cost
6 Chapter 6: Future Implimentation
7 Chapter 7: Conclusion

8 Chapter 8: Reference

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 LIST OF TABLES

No. Table name Page no.

1 Specification of drill
2 Specification of hacksaw
3 Project cost

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 LIST OF FIGURES

No. Figure Name Page no.

1 Skotch yoke mechanism
2 3D view of MPMM

3 Actual view of MPMM

4 Drilling machine
5 Shaping machine

6 Cutting machine

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Chapter 1 : PROBLEM DEFINATION

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

To design and development of MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE , a structure

which is designed for the purpose of multi-operation i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING, SHAPING.

1.2 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed and this
machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of
current. This machine is based on scotch yoke mechanism.

This model of multi operational machine is can be used in industries and domestic operation
which can performed drilling, shaping and cutting of thin metal and wooden surface.

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Chapter 2: MECHANISM OF MACHINE

2.1 Objective

Our machine will perform three operations at a time namely drilling, cutting, shaping.
So our main aim is to find or use a mechanism that can fullfil our demand.

2.2 Theory

Requirement of our machine is conversion of rotary motion to reciprocating motion.

Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-
forth linear motion it is found in a wide range of mechanism including reciprocating engine
and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprises a single reciprocation cycle are called
strokes. We are using scotch yoke mechanism in our machine to provide reciprocating motion
to hacksaw and shaper and bevel gear arrangement for drilling operation. Although not a
common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use scotch yokes, almost all
those uses a withworth linkage, which gives a slow speed forward cutting speed and faster
return.

2.3 Skotch yoke mechanism

The scotch yoke (also known as slotted link mechanism) is a reciprocating motion
mechanism, converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion, or vice versa. As
the wheel in blue color moves, the slider in the crank moves and impart reciprocating motion
to the arms connected to it.

Figure 1 : Skotch yoke mechanism

CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF MODEL

3.1 COMPONENTS OF MACHINE

1. FRAME
2. BEVEL GEAR
3. SKOTCH YOKE MECHANISM
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 4. MOTOR
5. PULLEY
6. BEARING(Ball Bearing)
7. HACKSAW BLADE
8. TOOL POST
9. DRILLING CHUCK
10. DRILL TOOL
11. SINGLE CUTTING TOOL
12. TABLE
13. NUT AND BOLT
14. OTHER COMPONENT

Fig-2 : 3D view of MPMM

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Fig.3: Actual view of MPMM

3.2 CALCULATION

1. CUTTING/SHAPING SPEED

Speed of Motor- 1440 rpm

Diameter of pulley A: 25 mm

Diameter of pulley B: 180 mm

We have to find out bull wheel speed (Ns)

We know that

NS/Nm = Da/Db

Ns= Da/Db * Nm

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 NS = 25/180 *1440

Bull wheel speed = 200

1 stroke of Ram is completed in 1 revolution of crank wheel

K=1

Velocity of Sawing/Shaping machine

Velocity (v) = (L*N*(1+k)/1000) m/min

Length of Ram stroke(L) = 50mm

No. Of full stroke(N) = 200 stroke/min

Ratio of return time to cutting time

Hence

V = (L*N*(1+k)/1000) m/min

V = (50*200*(1+1)/1000) m/min

V=20 m/min

Therefore velocity of ram cutting speed is 20 m/min

2. DRILLING SPEED

Speed of pinion(NP) = 200

No. Of teeth on pinion (TP) = 13

No. Of teeth on gear (TG) = 9

We have to find out speed of gear (Ng)

We know that,

NG/NP = TP/TG

NG = TP/TG * NP
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NG = 13/9 * 240 ⇒ 139 rev./min

Therefore Drilling speed is 139 rev./min

Length of belt - Π/2(d1+d2)+ 2x + (d1-d2)2/4x

x=22 inch

Length of belt = 57 inch

Group of belt and pulley - B group

3.3 ADVANTAGE

 Multi operation can be performed at one time.

 The return stroke is utilized for cutting.
 All operation is performed by only one motor.
 Size is compact and require less space.
 Time saving
 Less man power is required.
 Low manufacturing and maintenance cost.

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CHAPTER 4: OPERATION OF MACHINE

Operation performed by machine :-

1. DRILLING
2. SHAPING
3. CUTTING

4.1 DRILLING

Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the workpiece by using a rotating cutter
called DRILL.

 The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.

 The drilling operation can also be accomplished on lathe,in which the drill is held in
tailstock and work is held by the chuck.
 The most common drill used is the twist drill.

DRILLING MACHINE

 It is the simplest and the accurate machine used in production shop.

 The workpiece is held stationary i.e. clamped in position and the drill rotates to make
a hole.
Components of drilling machine
1. Spindle
The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a sleeve.
2. Sleeve
The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a
direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a cutting tool
is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work; and from the work. Feed pressure
applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way into
the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.
3. Column
The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column supports
the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.
4. Head
The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an electric
motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.
5. Worktable

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 The worktable is supported to an arm mounted to the column. The worktable can be
adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can be swung
completely out of the way. It may be tilted upto 90 degrees in either direction, to
allow long pieces to be end or angle drilled.
6. Base
The base of drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor,
provides for vibration free operation and best machining accuracy. The top of the base
is equipped with similar to the worktable and may equipped with t-slot for mounting
work too larger for the table.

Figure 4: Bench drilling machine

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Types of drilling machine according to feed

Hand feed

The hand-feed drilling machine are the simplest and the most common type of drilling
machines in use today. These are the light duty machine that are operated by the operator,
using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to feel the action of the cutting tool as it cuts
through the workpiece. These drilling machine can be bench or floor mounted.

Power feed

The power feed drill machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand feed drills. They
are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool into the work automatically duty work or
the work that uses large drills that require power feed larger, work piece is usually clamped
directly to the table or base using t-bolts and clamps by a small work places are held in a vice.
A depth-stop mechanism is located on the head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a precise
depth.

Specification

Drill size in mm Feed in mm/rev.

3.2 and less 0.025-0.050

3.2 to 6.4 0.050-0.10

6.4 to 12.7 0.10-0.18

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12.7 to 25.4 0.18-0.38

25.4 and large 0.38-0.64

4.2 SHAPING

The shaping machine is used to flat metal surfaces specially where a large amount of metal
has to be removed. other machines such as milling machine are much more expensive and are
much more suited for removing smaller amount of metal more accurately.
 The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping machine can be seen
in the diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the machine moves forward and
backwards pushing a cutting tool. The cutting tool removes the metal from work
which is carefully bolted down.
 The shaping machine is a simple yet extremely effective machine. It is used to
remove material, usually metals such as aluminium or steel, to produce a flat surface.
However it can also be used to manufacture gears such rack and pinion gears and
other complex shapes. Inside its shell/casing is ca crank and slider mechanism that
pushes the cutting tool forward and return it to its original position. This motion is
continuous.

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 Fig. 5 shaping machine

4.3 CUTTING

A hacksaw is a fine-tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for cutting
material such as metal or plastics. Hand held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a handle,
using a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable. A screw or other mechanism

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Fig. 6 Cutting machine (hacksaw)

is used to put thin blade under tension. The blade can be mounted with the teeth facing either
towards or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action either on the push or pull stroke.
On the push stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade.

Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 to 12 inches for a standard hand
hacksaw. “Junior ” hacksaws are half this size. Powered hacksaws may used larger blades in
range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand blades.

Specification of hacksaw

Size of hacksaw blades:-

Thickness: 1.27-2.54 mm

Width: 25.40-50.80 mm

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Length: 304.80-609.60 mm

Work piece material Cutting speed in m/s

Mild steel 0.75

Cast iron 0.50

Brass/Aluminium 1.5

Bronze 1.25

Thin section(pipes and tubes) 1.5

CHAPTER 5: COSTING OF PROJECT

S.no. Particulars Total quantity Cost rs/unit Total cost

1 Motor 1440 rpm 1 2000 2000

2 Pillow block bearing 2 200 400

3 Gear and pinion 1 250 250

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4 Bearing two bolt flange 1 100 100

5 Circular plate 250 mm 1 110 110

dia

6 Screw nut assembly 4 20 80

7 Iron angle thickness 12 kg 36 432

3mm

8 Shaft 20 mm 4 kg 40 160

9 Pulley (180mm) 1 240 240

10 Pulley (25mm) 1 50 50

11 Belt 1 100 100

12 Drill chuck 1 150 150

13 Drill tool(2.5) 1 50 50

14 Hacksaw tool 1 50 50

15 Shaping tool 1 50 50

16 Welding works - 1200 1200

17 Paint 2 50 100

18 Lubricant 1 100 100

19 Cable 1 30 30

20 Transportation and - 600 600

miscellaneous

TOTAL 6225

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CHAPTER 6: FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION

 We can perform various operations like cutting drilling and shaping individually by
introducing coupling (engagement and disengagement) between them.
 We can perform grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at the ain shaft.
 We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing drilling tool.
 We can change the motor speed by regulator.

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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION

After completing the major project on “MULTIPURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we

are much happy and would like to thank our professor , guide and the lecturers of the
concerned department who have guided us.

While making this project we have been able to learn a lot and understand the various aspect
of “multipurpose mechanical machine” we can use our knowledge , which we get during our
study .

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REFERENCES

The websites

 www.technologystudent.com
 www.terry-eng27.blogspot.in
 www.en.wikipidea.org
 www.ask.reference.com
 www.dictionary.reference
 www.community.machinedesign.com
 www.sciencedirect.com

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THE HELPFUL BOOKS

 Workshop technology (hazra choudhary)

 Theory of Machines (R. S. KHURMI)
 Machine design
 Production technology

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