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Multi Tier Architecture

The document discusses different types of software architectures, including single-tier, two-tier, and multi-tier architectures. Single-tier architectures have all components on one machine, while two-tier architectures separate the presentation and data layers across two machines. Multi-tier architectures separate applications into three or more tiers - with the presentation, logic, and data layers separated across different servers or machines. This improves scalability and allows each tier to be maintained independently.

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Mohsan Ali
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176 views17 pages

Multi Tier Architecture

The document discusses different types of software architectures, including single-tier, two-tier, and multi-tier architectures. Single-tier architectures have all components on one machine, while two-tier architectures separate the presentation and data layers across two machines. Multi-tier architectures separate applications into three or more tiers - with the presentation, logic, and data layers separated across different servers or machines. This improves scalability and allows each tier to be maintained independently.

Uploaded by

Mohsan Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different Types of

Architectures
Single-tier, Two-tier and multi-
tier architectures

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Tiered Architectures
• Architecture
– A style and method of design and construction
– Refers to the high level structures of a software system
– The discipline of creating structures, and the documentation of these
structures.
• Tier
– can be defined as "one of two or more rows, levels, or ranks
arranged one above another".

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Tiers of an architecture
Client

<html>
Presentation
... Visualise
tier
information system </html>

Application
logic tier Calculate

Resource
management tier
Store

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Presentation Layer
• The presentation layer is what a system
user sees or interacts with.
• It can consist of visual objects such as
screens, web pages or reports or non-
visual objects such as an interactive voice
response interface.
• This layer represents a small portion of the
effort involved in building application
systems.

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Logic Layer
• The business logic layer, on the other
hand, represents the business rules that
are enforced via programming logic
(computer instructions) regarding how
those rules are applied.
• The set of rules for processing information
• Sometimes called middleware/ back-end

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Data Layer
• The data access layer consists of the definitions of
database tables and columns and the computer
logic that is needed to navigate the database.
• The data access layer enforces rules regarding the
storage and access of information. For example:
dates must be valid dates and numeric fields must
never contain alphanumeric characters.
• Manages access to DB or file system
• Sometimes called back-end
• Should not contain presentation or business logic
code
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Architecture Principles
• Each tier (Presentation, Logic, Data) should be
independent and should not expose dependencies related
to the implementation
• Unconnected tiers should not communicate
• Change in platform affects only the layer running on that
particular platform

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1-Tier Architecture
• is the simplest, single tier on single user, and is the
equivalent of running an application on a personal
computer.
• All the required component to run the application are
located within it.
• User interface, business logic, and data storage are all
located on the same machine.
• They are the easiest to design, but the least scalable.
Because they are not part of a network, they are useless for
designing web applications.

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1-Tier Architecture

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2-Tier Architectures
• Supply a basic network between a client and a server.
• For example, the basic web model is a 2-Tier Architecture.
• A web browser makes a request from a web server, which then
processes the request and returns the desired response, in this
case, web pages.
• This approach improves scalability and divides the user interface
from the data layers.
• However, it does not divide application layers so they can be
utilized separately.
• Here is direct communication between client and server there is
not any intermediate
• This makes them difficult to update and not specialized. The
entire application must be updated because layers aren’t
separated.
• The main problem of two tier architecture is the server can not
respond multiple request same time as a result it cause data
integrity issue.

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2-Tier Architecture

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Advantages:
• Easy to maintain and modification is bit easy
• Communication is faster
Disadvantages:
• In two tier architecture application performance will be
degrade upon increasing the users.
• Cost-ineffective

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3-Tier Architecture
• is most commonly used to build web applications.
• In this model, the browser acts like a client, middleware or
an application server contains the business logic, and
database servers handle data functions.
• This approach separates business logic from display and
data.
• So the 3 layers commonly known as: Presentation
Layer(PL/UI),Business Logic Layer(BLL) & Data Access
Layer(DAL).

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3-Tier Architecture

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The 3-Tier Architecture for Web
Apps
• Presentation Layer
– Static or dynamically generated content rendered by the browser
(front-end)
• Logic Layer
– A dynamic content processing and generation level application
server, e.g., Java EE, ASP.NET, PHP, ColdFusion platform
(middleware)
• Data Layer
– A database, comprising both data sets and the database
management system or RDBMS software that manages and
provides access to the data (back-end)

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3-Tier Architecture - Advantages
• Independence of Layers
– Easier to maintain
– Components are reusable
– Faster development (division of work)
• Web designer does presentation
• Software engineer does logic
• DB admin does data model
• With growing number of tiers one gains:
– flexibility
– functionality
– possibilities for distribution
3-Tier Architecture - Disadvantages
• Each tier increases communication costs
• Complexity rises leading to higher cost and risk
– Higher complexity of development
– Higher complexity of management and tuning
• Redundancy increases
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