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Deductive Logic: Aristotle Thales Pythagoras

Deductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions that necessarily follow from given premises. An inference is deductively valid if the premises being true guarantees the conclusion is also true. Deductive reasoning was developed by ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and involves syllogisms where a conclusion is inferred from two premises that share a common term. For example, the premises "All humans are mortal" and "Socrates is human" lead to the conclusion "Socrates is mortal".

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66 views1 page

Deductive Logic: Aristotle Thales Pythagoras

Deductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions that necessarily follow from given premises. An inference is deductively valid if the premises being true guarantees the conclusion is also true. Deductive reasoning was developed by ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and involves syllogisms where a conclusion is inferred from two premises that share a common term. For example, the premises "All humans are mortal" and "Socrates is human" lead to the conclusion "Socrates is mortal".

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Deductive Logic
Deductive reasoning concerns what
follows necessarily from given premises (i.e. from
a general premise to a particular one).
An inference is deductively valid if (and only if) there is
no possible situation in which all the premises are true and
the conclusion false. However, it should be remembered
that a false premise can possibly lead to a false
conclusion.
Deductive reasoning was developed
by Aristotle, Thales, Pythagoras and other Greek
philosophers of the Classical Period. At the core of deductive
reasoning is the syllogism (also known as term
logic),usually attributed to Aristotle), where one
proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two others
(the premises), each of which has one term in
common with the conclusion. For example:
Major premise: All humans are mortal.
Minor premise: Socrates is human.
Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.
An example of deduction is:
All apples are fruit.
All fruits grow on trees.
Therefore all apples grow on trees.
One might deny the initial premises, and therefore deny the
conclusion. But anyone who accepts the premises must
accept the conclusion. Today, some academics claim that
Aristotle's system has little more than historical value, being
made obsolete by the advent of Predicate
Logic and Propositional Logic (see the sections below).

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