CA2418 Green Building and

Construction
LEED B+D V4: SS

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 Overview
• Rewards decisions about the environment
surrounding the building
• With credits emphasizing
– vital relationships among buildings, ecosystems, and
ecosystem services.
• Focuses on
– Restoring project site elements
– integrating the site with local and regional ecosystems
– preserving the biodiversity that natural systems rely
on

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 Overview (cont.)
• Project teams that comply with the prerequisites and
credits in the SS category protect sensitive ecosystems
by completing an early site assessment and planning
the locations of buildings and hardscape areas to avoid
harming habitat, open space, and water bodies.
• They use low-impact development methods that:
– minimize construction pollution,
– reduce heat island effects and light pollution,
– and mimic natural water flow patterns to manage
rainwater runoff.
• They also remediate areas on the project site that are
already in decline.

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 P1. Construction Activity Pollution
Prevention
• To reduce pollution from construction activities
by controlling soil erosion, waterway
sedimentation, and airborne dust.
• Requirements
– Create and implement an erosion and sedimentation
control plan for all construction activities associated
with the project. The plan must conform to the
erosion and sedimentation requirements of the 2012
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Construction General Permit (CGP) or local equivalent,
whichever is more stringent

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 P1. Construction Activity Pollution
Prevention (cont.)
• Step by Step Guidance
1. Designate Responsible Party: Civil engineer is typically
responsible for development an Erosion and
Sedimentation Control (ESC).
2. Review Local Code against EPA CGP:
• For U.S. project, determine whether local jurisdiction requires an
official Construction General Permit (CGP) based on National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program criteria. If
yes, develop the CGP; if local code do not reference CGP,
determine whether local code requirements meet or exceed CGP.
• For all projects, conformance to local standards or code is required
in lieu of the CGP when the code is equally or more stringent.
3. Evaluate Site For ECS Plan Needs.

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P2 Environmental Site Assessment
• To protect the health of vulnerable populations by
ensuring that the site is assessed for environmental
contamination and that any environmental
contamination has been remediated.
• Requirements
– Conduct a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ASTM
E1527-05) to determine whether environmental
contamination exists at the site. If contamination is
suspected, conduct a Phase II Environmental Site
Assessment (ASTM E1903-11).
– If a site is contaminated, remediate the site to meet EPA’s
region residential (unrestricted) standards.

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 P2 Environmental Site Assessment
(cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
1. Determine whether phase I ESA (or local equivalent) is required.
ESA valid for 180days; >180 days but <=1 year, updates to be made
for certain sections; > 1 year, new assessment.
2. Conduct Phase I ESA. – contract with an environmental professional
3. Determine whether Phase II ESA required. If a “recognized
environmental condition” (REC) exists, or the report recommends
additional assessment activities (e.g., because of potential or
historical conditions, data gaps)
4. Conduct Phase II Assessment. Project with known contamination
may wish to move directly to a Phase III ESA.
5. Determine whether remediation is required. If soil or groundwater
contamination levels exceed regulatory criteria, or report
recommends additional actions;
6. Remediate Site.

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 P2 Environmental Site Assessment
(cont.)
• Required Documentation

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 C1. Site Assessment
• To assess site conditions before design to evaluate sustainable options and inform
related decisions about site design.
• Prior to conceptual design
• Requirements
Complete and document a site survey or assessment including the following
information:
– Topography: contour mapping, unique topographic features, slope stability risks
– Hydrology: flood hazard areas, delineated wetlands, lakes, streams, shorelines, rainwater
collection and reuse opportunities.
– Climate: solar exposure, heat island effect potential, seasonal sun angles, prevailing winds,
monthly precipitation and temperature ranges.
– Vegetation: Primary vegetation types, greenfield area, significant tree mapping, threatened or
endangered species, unique habitat, invasive plant species
– Soils: Natural Resources Conservation Service soils delineation, U.S. Department of Agriculture
prime farmland, healthy soils, previous development, disturbed soils
– Human Use: Views, adjacent transportation infrastructure, adjacent properties, construction
materials with existing recycle or reuse potential
– Human Health effects: Proximity of vulnerable populations, adjacent physical activity
opportunities, proximity to major sources of air pollution.
The survey or assessment should demonstrate the relationships between the site
features and topics listed above and how these features influenced the project
design; give the reasons for not addressing any of those topics.
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 C1. Site Assessment (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
1. Prepare for Assessment: Identify the team that will do the
assessment. a) landscape architect, land planner and architect;
begin by collecting climate data, topographic maps, nearby building
types, and soil survey data; b) engage local experts and specialist to
help inventory any items listed in the credit requirements that
extend the core team’s expertise; c) plan to complete before
conceptual design starts, since findings will inform the location and
orientation of major program elements.
2. Conduct Site Inventory: Using a variety of data sources, site visits,
and local experts, survey and inventory the existing site conditions
and surroundings, according to the credit requirements, and
compile the information for the site assessment.
3. Conduct Site Analysis: Prepare a site plan that includes the required
information gathered during the site inventory. Analyze the effect of
the site features on the project design.
4. Complete Site Assessment Worksheet or Prepare Site Assessment
Narrative
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 C1. Site Assessment (cont.)
• Required Documentation

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 C2. Site Development – Protect or
Restore Habitat
• To conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to
provide habitat and promote biodiversity.
• Requirements
– Preserve and protect from all development and construction activity
40% of the greenfield area on the site (if such areas exist). AND
– Option 1. On-Site Restoration (2 pts except HC, 1 pt for HC):Using
native or adapted vegetation, restore 30% (including the building
footprint) of all portions of the site identified as previously developed.
Projects that achieve a density of 1.5 floor-area ratio may include
vegetated roof surfaces in this calculation if the plants are native or
adapted, provide habitat, and promote biodiversity. OR
– Option 2. Financial Support (1pt). Provide financial support equivalent
to at least $0.40 per square foot (US$4 per square meter) for the total
site area (including the building footprint) a nationally or locally
recognized land trust or conservation organization within the same
EPA Level III ecoregion or the project’s state.

Greenfield: areas that have not been previously developed, graded, or disturbed and that
support (or could support) open space, habitat, or natural hydrology 13
 C2. Site Development – Protect or
Restore Habitat (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
1. Identify Greenfield Area within Project. If no greenfield areas exist on site, continue to Step
4.
2. Determine Greenfield Area to Preserve and Protect
3. Develop Construction Activity Management Plan for Greenfield Protection: If applicable,
establish and clearly delineate construction buffer zones with the project contractors early
in the process to avoid soil compaction and other construction damage to Greenfields.
4. Select Option. Option 1 may be feasible for projects that have sufficient land to meet the
credit requirements for restoration; Option 2 is for projects that are 100% greenfield sites,
or cannot meet the requirements for on-site restoration, or choose not to conduct
restoration. If not sure, continue with steps 5&6 before making decision.
5. Identify All Previously Developed Site Area
6. Determine Anticipated Ratio of Building Footprint to Previous Developed Site Area.

1 2 Min 40% of Greenfield Area

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 C2. Site Development – Protect or
Restore Habitat (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 1. On-Site Restoration
1. Determine Areas for Restoration. Consider restoring areas adjacent to
greenfield, bordering natural areas, and contiguous parcels to increase
the environmental benefit
2. Determine Restoration Strategies. Must use native or adapted
vegetation.
3. Identify Disturbed Areas to be Revegetated. Determine which areas
have been disturbed or compacted by previous development and will
be revegetated. For example: Heavy wheeled traffic, previous grading,
compacted dirt roads, equipment storage areas, and parking.
4. Research Soil Conditions and Reference Soil.
5. Restore Soils in Areas to be Revegetated.
6. Restore Previously Developed Site Areas. Carry out the restoration
strategies identified in Step 2. A project that constructs vegetated
landscape areas to accommodate rainwater infiltration may exclude
these areas from the vegetation or soil restoration requirements

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 C2. Site Development – Protect or
Restore Habitat (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 2. Financial Supports
1. Determine Amount of Financial Support

2. Identify Qualifying Partner Organization

• The partnering organization must provide financial support to a
project that meets the proximity criteria indicated in the credit
requirements.
• Examples of projects include land acquisition or management
for natural processes; native habitat restoration; watershed
management, restoration, or protection; and public urban
green space restoration or revitalization.
• Global LEED: Ensure conservation organization is within 100
miles (160 km) of the project site

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 C2. Site Development – Protect or
Restore Habitat (cont.)
• Required Documentation

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 C3. Open Space
• To create exterior open space that encourages interaction with the environment,
social interaction, passive recreation, and physical activities.
• Requirements
– Provide outdoor space greater than or equal to 30% of the total site area (including building
footprint). A minimum of 25% of that outdoor space must be vegetated (turf grass does not
count as vegetation) or have overhead vegetated canopy.
– Outdoor space must be physically accessible and be one or more of the following:
• a pedestrian-oriented paving or turf area with physical site elements that accommodate outdoor
social activities;
• a recreation-oriented paving or turf area with physical site elements that encourage physical activity;
• a garden space with a diversity of vegetation types and species that provide opportunities for year-
round visual interest;
• a garden space dedicated to community gardens or urban food production;
• preserved or created habitat that meets the criteria of SS Credit Site Development—Protect or Restore
Habitat and also includes elements of human interaction.
– For projects that achieve a density of 1.5 floor-area ratio (FAR), and are physically accessible,
extensive or intensive vegetated roofs can be used toward the minimum 25% vegetation
requirement, and qualifying roof-based physically accessible paving areas can be used toward
credit compliance.
– Wetlands or naturally designed ponds may count as open space if the side slope gradients
average 1:4 (vertical : horizontal) or less and are vegetated
extensive vegetated roof a roof that is covered with plants and typically not designed for general access. Usually an extensive system is a rugged
green roof that requires little maintenance once established. The planting medium in extensive vegetated roofs ranges from 1 to 6 inches in
depth.
intensive vegetated roof a roof that, compared with an extensive vegetated roof, has greater soil volume, supports a wider variety of plants
(including shrubs and trees), and allows a wider variety of uses (including human access). The depth of the growing medium is an important 18
factor in determining habitat value. The native or adapted plants selected for the roof should support the site’s endemic wildlife populations
 C3. Open Space (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
1. Determine Total Area within Project Boundary
2. Calculate Open Space and Vegetated Area Required.

3. Program Site: Identify and designate open space features early in

the planning and programming of the site to optimize building
placement and landscape design
4. Design Open Space Area
• Turf areas, including areas of turf grass under overhead tree canopies, can
be counted in total open space but do not qualify as vegetated open space.
Artificial turf is not an acceptable strategy for vegetated roofs.
• Open spaces must be usable; a small strip of turf in a parking lot does not
meet the intent of the credit. Artificial turf does not count as vegetation or
hardscape.
• Determine where overhead vegetation (trees and shrubs), rather than
ground cover, would be appropriate.

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 C3. Open Space (cont.)
• Example 1. Required Space Calculation

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 C3. Open Space (cont.)
• Example 1. Required Space Calculation

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 C3. Open Space (cont.)
• Example 2. Site Design

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 C3. Open Space (cont.)
• Required Documentations

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 C4. Rainwater Management
• To reduce runoff volume and improve water quality by replicating the
natural hydrology and water balance of the site, based on historical
conditions and undeveloped ecosystems in the region.
• Requirements
– Option 1. Percentile of Rainfall Events
• Path 1. 95th Percentile (2 pts except HC, 1pt HC): In a manner best replicating natural site
hydrology processes, manage on site the runoff from the developed site for the 95th
percentile of regional or local rainfall events using low-impact development (LID) and
green infrastructure OR
• Path 2. 98th Percentile (3 pts except HC, 2 pts HC): Achieve Path 1 but for 98th percentile
of regional or local rainfall event using LID and green infrastructure OR
• Path 3. Zero Lot Line projects only – 85th Percentile (3 pts except HC, 2 pts HC): applies to
zero lot line projects in urban areas with a minimum density of 1.5 FAR OR
– Option 2. Natural Land Cover Conditions (3 pts except HC, 2 pts HC): Manage
on site the annual increase in runoff volume from the natural land cover
condition to the post-developed condition.

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C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Select the appropriate option and path. Choose
option 1 if data source for natural land cover
condition not available.
• Option 1 is for project teams that, after research,
cannot adequately determine the natural land
cover conditions of the site.
• Option 2 is for projects that have significant
natural area and for teams able to research
natural land cover conditions.

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C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 1. Percentile of Rainfall Event
Path 1. 95th Percentile
1. Obtain Rainfall Data for Project Location: at least 10 years or as much historical data as possible from all seasons.
2. Determine Value for 95th Percentile Rainfall Events. Calculate the rainfall value of the 95th percentile (inch/mm)
based on historical rainfall data.
3. Calculate Runoff Volume to be Managed on Site. Runoff volume depends on the specific postdeveloped site
conditions of the project, such as amount of paving, permeability of different surface, roof area, and vegetated
areas.
4. Design Strategies to Manage Runoff on Site. Incorporate green infrastructure and low-impact development
strategies into the site design to manage, on site, 100% of the total volume of runoff calculated for the 95th-
percentile rainfall event and the project’s developed conditions.
th
Path 2. 98 Percentile
Path 3. Zero Lot Line Project Only: 85th Percentile
1. Confirm that Project Qualifies for Zero Lot Line Path. The typical zero lot line project is an urban site for which the
building footprint aligns with the site limits and the LEED project boundary. If the project does not exactly align
but nearly aligns, provide justification for why the project qualifies for the zero lot line path.
2. Determine Value of 85th Percentile of Rainfall Event.
3. Design GI and LID Strategies to Manage Runoff on Site. Green roofs and rainwater harvesting approaches are the
most likely GI and LID strategies to help zero lot line projects meet the credit requirements. Artificial turf is not an
acceptable strategy for vegetated roofs.

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C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 2. Natural Land Cover Conditions
1. Determine Natural Land Cover Conditions. Natural land cover conditions refer
to the vegetation and soil conditions that existed prior to alteration or
development activities. Obtain presettlement vegetation maps, soil maps, or
a description of typical land cover conditions in the project’s region.
Determination of the natural land cover conditions can also be based on the
historical context of the site (e.g., forested, grassland) and an assessment of
the soil conditions
2. Calculate Runoff Volume of Natural Land Cover Conditions. Use an empirical,
statistical, or mathematical method to calculate the total volume of runoff
managed by the site for the 95th-percentile of regional or local rainfall events
3. Calculate Runoff Volume to be Managed on Site. Compare the runoff volume
under natural land cover conditions with the runoff volume under the
postdeveloped conditions.
4. Select Management Measures and Verify Their Effectiveness. Choose and size
rainwater management strategies for the project
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C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Example
– The new construction project is a 10-story
building on a previously developed site in an
urban neighborhood in Denver. The total site
area is 43,000 square feet (4 000 square
meters). Of the total site area, the building
footprint and hardscape account for 25,000
square feet (2 300 square meters); the rest is
pervious landscaped area. Most of the
parking is located under the building.

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 C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Example (cont.)
– The project team has selected Option 1, Path 1. Based on the historical data, 95th percentile storm
delivers 28mm of rain.

– To supplement the capacity of previous landscaped area, the project team has identified several GI
and LID measures – bioretention areas, porous paving, a rain garden, and previous decking – to
capture rainwater from impervious surfaces.
– Determine the expected runoff for the 95th percentile of events. Expected runoff from each type of
land cover is calculated using a simple volumetric approach based on the following equation:
Runoff = Rainfall – Depression storage – Infiltration loss
Depression storage is the rainfall required to initiate runoff, and infiltration loss is the amount of
rainfall that infiltrates into the ground.
𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 × 𝐴𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 + 𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 × 𝐴𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 × 𝐴𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠
Run𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 = 29
𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Example (cont.)

• Required Documentation

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C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
• Required Documentation

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 C4. Rainwater Management (cont.)
- Techniques to Manage Runoff
Vegetated Roofs

Bioretention Areas Porous Paving

Rain Garden Rainwater Harvesting

Reduce Hardscapes
Restore natural landscape 32
 C5. Heat Island Reduction
• Heat islands are temperature differences between developed and
undeveloped areas. The heat island effect is created when
developed areas have higher temperatures than surrounding rural
areas

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Strategies to reduce heat island
– Minimizing the development footprint
– Undercover / underground parking
– Using hardscape materials with high reflectance
– Installing surfaces with that have a high solar
reflectance (SR) or solar reflectivity index (SRI)
– Installing green roofs
– Providing shade from trees, structures covered by
solar panels, or architectural devices with high SRI
material
– Using open-grid paving

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• To minimize effects on microclimates and human and wildlife habitats by reducing
heat islands.
• Requirements
– Option 1. NonRoof and Roof (2 pt except HC, 1 pt HC)
• Meet the following criterion
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ−𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑉𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓
+ + ≥ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 + 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
0.5 0.75 0.75
• NonRoof Measures
– Use the existing plant material or install plants that provide shade over paving areas (including playgrounds) on
the site within 10 years of planting
– Provide shade with structures covered by energy generation systems
– Provide shade with architectural devices or structures that have a three-year aged solar reflectance (SR) value of
at least 0.28
– Provide shade with vegetated structures.
– Use paving materials with a three-year aged solar reflectance (SR) value of at least 0.28
– Use an open-grid pavement system (at least 50% unbound)
• High-Reflectance Roof: Use roofing materials that have an SRI equal to or greater than the values in
Table 1.
• Vegetated Roof: Install a vegetated roof. OR

– Option 2. Parking Under Cover (1 pt): Place a minimum of 75% of parking spaces under cover.
Any roof used to shade or cover parking must (1) have a three-year aged SRI of at least 32 (if
three-year aged value information is not available, use materials with an initial SRI of at least
39 at installation), (2) be a vegetated roof, or (3) be covered by energy generation systems

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Determine which option to go.
Option 1 for projects with compliant roofs and at-grade (i.e., nonroof) systems, but no covered
parking.
Option 2 for projects with only covered or underground parking.
Option 1. NonRoof and Roof
1. Minimize Hardscape: increasing landscaped portion is the most effective strategy for
reducing heat island effect
2. Identify Hardscape and Roof Area: hardscape includes all paved road, sidewalks,
courtyards, and parking lots; applicable roof area excludes roof area covered by mechanical
equipment, solar energy panels, skylights, and other appurtenances; top level of multi-level
parking structure? Nonroof if parking spaces, otherwise roof.
3. Select Roofing Materials: incorporate vegetated roof systems or high-reflectance roofing
materials that comply with Table 1 of the rating system requirements. Consider how roof
surfaces will be maintained (e.g., roof cleaning)
4. Identify Area of Planters and Shaded, Permeable, and Reflective Hardscape: On the site
plan, determine the area of hardscape that is mitigated by one of the eligible nonroof
measures
5. Evaluate Compliance Against Credit Requirements
6. Incorporate Additional Mitigation Strategies if Necessary.

If do not meet, use weighted calculation

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 2. Parking Under Cover
1. Determine Total Vehicle Parking Spaces in
Project: within project boundary but do not
include bicycle parking spaces.
2. Locate at Least 75% of Parking Spaces under
Cover. When possible, locate parking spaces
underground, under a deck, under a roof, or
under a building.
3. Design Parking Cover to Meet Credit
Requirements
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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Step-by-Step Guidance
Option 2. Parking Under Cover
1. Determine Total Vehicle Parking Spaces in
Project: within project boundary but do not
include bicycle parking spaces.
2. Locate at Least 75% of Parking Spaces under
Cover. When possible, locate parking spaces
underground, under a deck, under a roof, or
under a building.
3. Design Parking Cover to Meet Credit
Requirements
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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Strategies for Roof
Strategy Rules and Tips
High-reflectance roof  Consider effects of glare on traffic, pedestrians, and
adjacent buildings, especially if project has steep-sloped
roofs
 Consider high-reflectance materials’ need for maintenance
(e.g., regular cleaning) required to keep these materials
from losing reflectivity over time
Vegetated roof  Artificial turf grass does not count
 Plants must be in place at occupancy
 Extensive or intensive vegetated roofs are eligible; roof
planters contribute only if part of a vegetated roof system
 Consider maintenance required for both plants and
structural integrity

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Strategies for NonRoof
Strategy Rules and Tips

Shading with new or  Plants must be in place at occupancy

existing plant material  Assume 10-year canopy width at noon (i.e., in plan view, plant canopy width
has no extending shadows, regardless of time of year)
Vegetated planters  Artificial turf grass does not count
 Plants must be in place at occupancy
Shading structures with  Paved area (not roof area) shaded by covering with energy generation
energy generation equipment (e.g., solar thermal collectors, photovoltaics, wind turbines) is
eligible
Shading architectural  Materials must have 3-year aged SR value of at least 0.28, or initial SR of at
devices or structures least 0.33
Vegetated shading  Plants must be in place at occupancy
structures
High-reflectance paving  Materials must have 3-year aged SR value of at least 0.28, or initial SR of at
least 0.33
 Consider maintenance (e.g., regular cleaning) required to keep these
materials from losing reflectivity over time
Open-grid paving  Must be at least 50% unbound 40
 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Strategies for Covered Parking
Strategy Rules and Tips

Undercover parking  May be underground, under deck, under roof, or under building
 Stacked parking is considered covered parking
 Any roof used to shade or cover parking must meet criteria listed in credit
requirements

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Exercise 1 – Standard
nonroof or roof calculation
• Strategies adopted:
– 400 ft2 (35 m2) of sidewalk
with 3-year aged SR of 0.30
– 600 ft2 (55 m2) parking
canopy covered with
photovoltaic panels
– 1,000 ft2 (95 m2) of shading by
tree canopy
– 1,200 ft2 (110 m2) vegetated
roof
– 1,050 ft2 (100 m2) of high-
reflectance roof with 3-year
aged SRI of 90

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Exercise 2 – Weighted Nonroof or Roof Calculation
• The project includes 3,900 square feet (360 square meters) of hardscape.
The total roof area is 2,450 square feet (230 square meters), of which 200
square feet (20 square meters) is covered by mechanical equipment,
making the total applicable roof area 2,250 square feet (210 square
meters). The following heat island mitigation strategies have been
included in the project design:
– 400 ft2 (35 m2) of permeable sidewalks that are 55% unbound
– 600 ft2 (55 m2) parking canopy covered with vegetated roofing system
– 1,000 ft2 (95 m2) of shading by tree canopy
– 1,200 ft2 (110 m2) vegetated roof
– 400 ft2 (35 m2) of steep-sloped roof with initial SRI of 42
– 650 ft2 (60 m2) of steep-sloped roof with initial SRI of 34

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 C5. Heat Island Reduction (cont.)
• Required Documentation

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction
• Light pollution
– Glare: too much background light that reduced
visibility
– Light Trespass: light spills into an area where it is
unneeded
– Sky Glow: upward directed light reflected on
particles in the sky reducing visibility of stars

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Light pollution obscures the stars in the night sky for city
dwellers, interferes with astronomical observatories, and,
like any other form of pollution, disrupts ecosystems and
has adverse health effects such as sleep disorder. Light
pollution can be divided into two main types:
1) annoying light that intrudes on an otherwise natural or low-
light setting and
2) excessive light (generally indoors) that leads to discomfort and
adverse health effects.

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• To increase night sky access, improve
nighttime visibility, and reduce the
consequences of development for wildlife and
people.
• Requirements
– Meet uplight and light trespass requirements,
using either the backlight-uplight-glare (BUG)
method (Option 1) or the calculation method
(Option 2). Projects may use different options for
uplight and light trespass

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Lighting Zone defined by IES/IDA (Illuminating Engineering Society and
International Dark Sky Association) MLO (Model Lighting Ordinance)
– LZ0: No ambient lighting
• Areas where the natural environment will be seriously and adversely affected by lighting. Impacts
include disturbing the biological cycles of flora and fauna and/or detracting from human enjoyment
and appreciation of the natural environment. Human activity is subordinate in importance to nature.
The vision of human residents and users is adapted to total darkness, and they expect to see little or
no lighting. When not needed, lighting should be extinguished.
– LZ1: Low ambient lighting
• Areas where lighting might adversely affect flora and fauna or disturb the character of the area. The
vision of human residents and users is adapted to low light levels. Lighting may be used for safety,
security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily uniform or continuous. After curfew, most lighting
should be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline.
– LZ2: Moderate ambient lighting
• Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderate light
levels. Lighting may typically be used for safety, security and/or convenience but it is not necessarily
uniform or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced as activity levels decline.
– LZ3: Moderately high ambient lighting
• Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to moderately high
light levels. Lighting is generally desired for safety, security and/or convenience and it is often uniform
and/or continuous. After curfew, lighting may be extinguished or reduced in most areas as activity
levels decline.
– LZ4: High ambient lighting
• Areas of human activity where the vision of human residents and users is adapted to high light levels.
Lighting is generally considered necessary for safety, security and/or convenience

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Zones of Light
– Backlight Sub-Zones
• BVH: Backlight Very High (80-90
degrees)
• BH: Back light High (60-80 degrees)
• BM: Back light Mid (30-60 degrees)
• BL: Back light Low (0-30 degrees)

– Uplight Sub-Zones
• UH: Uplight High (100-180 degrees)
• UL: Uplight Low (90-100 degrees)

– Glare (Front Light) Sub-Zones

• FVH: Forward light Very High (80-90
degrees)
• FH: Forward light High (60-80 degrees)
• FM: Forward light Mid (30-60 degrees)
• FL: Forward light Low (0-30 degrees)

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• BUG Rating - example

50
 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Requirements
– Uplight
• Option 1. BUG Rating Method
Do not exceed the following luminaire uplight ratings. OR

• Option 2. Calculation Method

Do not exceed the following percentages of total lumens
emitted above horizontal.

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Requirements
– AND Light Trespass
• Option 1. BUG Rating Method
Do not exceed the following luminaire backlight and glare ratings. OR
• Option 2. Calculation Method
Do not exceed the following vertical
illuminances at the lighting boundary
(located at the property lines, can be
modified)

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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Requirements
• AND Internally Illuminated
Exterior Signage.
Do not exceed a luminance of 200 cd/m2 (1 nit = 1
candela per square metre) during nighttime hours and
2000 cd/m2 (nits) during daytime hours

Asus SE655-Y
(450 nits)
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 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Required Documentation

54
 C6. Light Pollution Reduction (cont.)
• Lighting Control: Automatic Light Shutoff
• Light Fixtures and Placement: full cutoff, fully
shielded, and partially shielded lamps.

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 C7. Site Master Plan
(Applies to School)

• C7. Site Master Plan (Applies to School)

• C8. Tenant Design and Construction
Guidelines (Applies to C&S)
• C9. Place of Respite (applies to HC)
• C10. Direct Exterior Access (applies to HC)
• C11. Joint Use of Facilities (Applies to School)

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