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What Is Data Structure

The document discusses data structures, algorithms, their analysis and different approaches to develop algorithms. It defines data structure as a way to store and retrieve data systematically. Common data structures include lists, arrays, stacks, queues, graphs and trees. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems. Their analysis considers time and space complexity. Asymptotic notations like O(n), Ω(n) and Θ(n) are used to define best, worst and average case complexities. Linear data structures store data sequentially. Common operations on data structures are insertion, deletion, traversal, searching and sorting. Approaches to develop algorithms include greedy, divide-and-conquer and dynamic programming. Binary search works

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Sabeeh Hasnain
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183 views

What Is Data Structure

The document discusses data structures, algorithms, their analysis and different approaches to develop algorithms. It defines data structure as a way to store and retrieve data systematically. Common data structures include lists, arrays, stacks, queues, graphs and trees. Algorithms are step-by-step procedures to solve problems. Their analysis considers time and space complexity. Asymptotic notations like O(n), Ω(n) and Θ(n) are used to define best, worst and average case complexities. Linear data structures store data sequentially. Common operations on data structures are insertion, deletion, traversal, searching and sorting. Approaches to develop algorithms include greedy, divide-and-conquer and dynamic programming. Binary search works

Uploaded by

Sabeeh Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is data structure

Data structure is a way of defining, storing & retriving of data in a structural & systemetic way. A data
structure may contain different type of data items.

What are various data structure available

Data structure availability may vary by programming languages. Commonly available data structures are
list, arrays, stack, queues, graph, tree etc.

What is algorithm

Algorithm is a step by step procedure, which defines a set of instructions to be executed in certain order
to get the desired output.

Why do we need algorithm

A problem can be solved in more than one ways. So, many solution algorithms can be derived for a given
problem. We analyze available algorithms to find and implement the best suitable algorithm.

What are the criteria of algorithm analysis

An algorithm are generally analyzed on two factors − time and space. That is, how much execution time
and how much extra space required by the algorithm.

What is an asymptotic analysis of an algorithm

Asymptotic analysis of an algorithm, refers to defining the mathematical boundation/framing of its run-
time performance. Using asymptotic analysis, we can very well conclude the best case, average case and
worst case scenario of an algorithm.

What are asymptotic notations

Asymptotic analysis can provide three levels of mathematical binding of execution time of an
algorithm −

 Best case is represented by Ω(n) notation.


 Worst case is represented by Ο(n) notation.
 Average case is represented by Θ(n) notation.

What is linear data structure

A linear data-structure has sequentially arranged data items. The next time can be located in the next
memory address. It is stored and accessed in a sequential manner. Array and list are example of linear
data structure.

What are common operations performed on data structure


The following operations are commonly performed on any data-structure −

 Insertion − adding a data item


 Deletion − removing a data item
 Traversal − accessing and/or printing all data items
 Searching − finding a particular data item
 Sorting − arranging data items in a pre-defined sequence

Briefly explain the approaches to develop algorithm

There are three commonly used approaches to develop algorithms −

 Greedy Approach − finding solution by choosing next best option


 Divide and Conquer − diving the problem to a minimum possible sub-problem and
solving them independently
 Dynamic Programming − diving the problem to a minimum possible sub-problem and
solving them combinedly

Give some examples of greedy algorithm

he below given problems find their solution using greedy algorithm approach −

 Travelling Salesman Problem


 Prim's Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm
 Kruskal's Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm
 Dijkstra's Minimal Spanning Tree Algorithm
 Graph - Map Coloring
 Graph - Vertex Cover
 Knapsack Problem
 Job Scheduling Problem

What is the difference between dynamic programming algorithm and divide and conquer algorithm

What is binary search

A binary search works only on sorted lists or arrays. This search selects the middle which splits
the entire list into two parts. First the middle is compared.

This search first compares the target value to the mid of the list. If it is not found, then it takes
decision on whether.
What is linear search

Linear search tries to find an item in a sequentially arranged data type. These sequentially arranged data
items known as array or list, are accessible in incrementing memory location. Linear search compares
expected data item with each of data items in list or array. The average case time complexity of linear
search is Ο(n) and worst case complexity is Ο(n2). Data in target arrays/lists need not to be sorted.

What are the advantage and disadvantage of ordered array

What are the uses of data abstraction

Write syntax structures

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