Q1. (a) Which statement about sound waves is correct?

(1)
A sound waves cannot be reflected
B sound waves are electromagnetic
C sound waves are longitudinal
D sound waves are transverse
(b) A microphone is connected to a data logger, which displays each sound wave as a graph.
The diagrams show the graphs for two different sound waves.

The graphs have the same scales.

In the horizontal direction: 1 square = 0.001 s
(i) The amplitude of sound wave Q is
(1)
A larger than the amplitude of sound wave P
B smaller than the amplitude of sound wave P
C the same as the amplitude of sound wave P
D zero
(ii) The frequency of sound wave P is 250 Hz.
Find the time period of sound wave P.
(1)

time period = ........................................................... S

(iii) Find the frequency of sound wave Q.
(1)

frequency = ........................................................... Hz

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q2. (a) A student investigates the energy transfers in a small generator.

She connects the generator to a circuit that includes a lamp.
She hangs a mass from a string wound around the axle.
The lamp lights as the mass falls to the ground.

The table shows the student's results.

 (i) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy, GPE, lost by the mass.
(2)

GPE = ...........................................................J

(iii) Explain why only some of the gravitational potential energy of the mass is transferred to the
lamp.
(2)
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(iv) Calculate the energy transferred to the lamp.
(2)

energy transferred = ...........................................................J

(b) Water from a reservoir can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.
Describe the energy transfers involved in this process.
(3)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q3. A train travels 9 km from station A to station B.
It takes 15 minutes.
(a) (i) State the equation linking average speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the average speed of the train and give its unit.
(3)

Average speed = ........................................................... unit ...........................................................

(iii) The maximum speed of the train must be higher than the value you have calculated.

Explain why.
(2)
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 (b) The train continues along a straight track from station B to station C.

The graph shows how the velocity of the train changes with time during this part of
the journey.

(i) Use the graph to calculate the acceleration of the train, in m/s 2, during the first
100 seconds after it leaves station B.
(3)

Acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2

(ii) Use the graph to calculate the distance, in m, between station B and station C.
(3)

Distance = ........................................................... m

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q4. A student investigates how the resistance of a wire depends on its length.

The photograph shows the circuit that the student uses.

(a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how the components in the photograph are connected.
(3)

(b) (i) Complete the table by naming the key variables in this investigation.
(1)
 (ii) Describe the method the student should use for this investigation.
(5)
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(c) The table shows the student's measurements.

(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.

(1)

(ii) Complete the table by calculating the missing value of resistance.

(1)
(d) (i) Use the results from the table opposite to plot a graph of resistance (y-axis) against length of
wire (x-axis) and draw the line of best fit.
(5)

(ii) Write a conclusion for the investigation.

(1)
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(iii) Explain how the graph supports this conclusion.

(2)

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(Total for question = 19 marks)

Q5. In 1969, astronauts left a reflector on the surface of the Moon.

The reflector consists of mirrors at 90° to each other. Scientists on Earth aim light from a laser at
the reflector. This light reflects back to them.
(a) The diagram shows two mirrors in the reflector.
Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray of light.
(2)

(b) The speed of light in a vacuum is 300 000 km/s.

The average time for a ray of light to travel to the Moon and back is about 2.6 s.
Show that the Moon is about 400 000 km from the Earth.
(3)
(c) Scientists measure the time for the light to travel to the Moon and back very accurately,
but the time is different every day.
The graph shows how these times change over the period of one month.

(i) Suggest what can be deduced about the orbit of the Moon from the information in the graph.
(3)
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(ii) The scientists also discovered that the average time for light to travel to the Moon and back
increases gradually every year.

What further information does this give about the orbit of the Moon?
(1)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q6. The diagram shows a chimney over a furnace.
A coal fire is burning in the furnace.
Air moves into the furnace and up the chimney.

Describe how the process of convection causes this air movement.

(5)
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(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q7. This question is about electromagnetic waves.

(a) (i) Which of these has the shortest wavelength?
(1)
A infrared
B microwaves
C ultraviolet
D visible light
 (ii) Which of these statements is not correct?
(1)
A electromagnetic waves are longitudinal
B electromagnetic waves can transfer energy
C electromagnetic waves can travel between stars
D electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space

(iii) Which of these is a use for x-rays?

(1)
A broadcasting television
B cooking a potato
C looking at the internal structure of objects
D looking through night vision goggles

(b) Gamma radiation is used in hospitals even though it can be dangerous.

(i) Describe one use of gamma radiation in hospitals.
(2)
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(ii) Explain the risks to patients and doctors of using gamma radiation.
(2)
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(iii) State one way of reducing the risks to a doctor who uses gamma radiation.
(1)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

 Q8. The graph shows the minimum stopping distances, in metres, for a car travelling at different
speeds on a dry road.

(a) Complete the equation to show the link between stopping distance, thinking distance and
braking distance.
(1)
Stopping distance

=........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe the patterns shown in the graph.

(2)
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(c) Use the graph to estimate the stopping distance for a car travelling at 35 miles per hour.
(1)

Stopping distance = ........................................................... m

(d) To find the minimum stopping distance, several different cars were tested.

Suggest how the data from the different cars should be used to give the values in the graph.
(1)
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(e) The tests were carried out on a dry road.

If the road is icy, describe and explain what change there would be, if any, to
(i) the thinking distance
(2)
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(ii) the braking distance

(2)
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(Total for question = 9 marks)

Q9. A student investigates how the extension of a spring varies when he hangs different loads from
it.

(a) Write a plan for the student's investigation.

Your plan should include details of how the student can make accurate measurements.

You may add to the diagram to help your answer.

(5)

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 (b) The student finds that the spring obeys Hooke's law.

Draw a graph on the axes to show the Hooke's law relationship.

Label the axes.

(3)

(c) The student concludes that the spring shows elastic behaviour.

Explain what is meant by the term elastic behaviour.

(2)

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(Total for Question = 10 marks)

Q10. Light from an object forms an image in a plane mirror.

(a) Tick the two correct statements.
(2)
 (b) (i) Use words from the box to complete the labels on the diagram below.
(2)

(ii) Write r on the diagram above to show the angle of reflection.

(1)

(c) A student investigates the formation of the image in a plane mirror, using the apparatus shown
in the photograph.

She uses the holes that the pins make to construct this diagram.
(i) Add to the diagram to show how the student should find the position of the
image.
(3)
(ii) Explain how the student could confirm that the position of the image is correct.
(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q11.Photograph C shows a student using an old camera that uses film.

(a) The film is pulled through the camera using lever A.
The student pushes on lever A with a force of 7.0 N.
The force is applied 0.04 m from the pivot.
(i) State the equation linking moment, force and distance.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the moment of the force that turns lever A and give the unit.
(3)

Moment = ........................................................... unit ...........................................................

(b) When all the film has been used, it is pulled back through the camera using lever R.

The force acting on lever R is only 0.02 m from its pivot.

Explain why the minimum force needed to turn lever R is likely to be more than 7 N.
(2)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q12. This question is about the Solar System.
(a) The object at the centre of our Solar System is
(1)
A a comet
B the Earth
C the Moon
D the Sun

(b) Earth and Mars are planets in our Solar System.

The table shows some data for these planets.

(i) Calculate the orbital speed of Mars in km / day.

(2)

speed = ...................................... km / day

(ii) The distance between Earth and Mars varies between 100 million km and 400 million km.

Explain why this distance is not constant.

You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(2)

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(c) Visible light from Mars reaches the Earth. The speed of light is 300 000 km/s.

(i) Show that when the planets are 170 000 000 km apart, it takes about 600 s for light to travel this
distance.
(3)

(ii) Scientists land a remote-controlled vehicle on Mars.

The vehicle sends images back to Earth showing its surroundings on Mars.

Sometimes these images show rocks ahead that could damage the vehicle.

A scientist on Earth sends radio signals that control this vehicle.

The speed of the vehicle is limited to 0.04 m/s.

Suggest why the speed is kept low.

(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q13. (a) Parachutes are used to slow down a spacecraft as it falls through the atmosphere.
Photograph G shows an Apollo spacecraft with three parachutes attached.

This spacecraft falls at a constant velocity.

(i) State the name of this constant velocity.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why this velocity stays at a constant value.

(3)
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(iii) Photograph H shows an identical Apollo spacecraft. Only two of its parachutes
are working.
 Explain how the constant velocity reached by this spacecraft compares with the constant
velocity of the spacecraft shown in photograph G.
(2)
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(b) Photograph I shows a Space Shuttle using a parachute when it lands on a runway.

Explain what would happen to the stopping distance of the Shuttle if this parachute did not open.
(2)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

( TOTAL MARKS : 120 )