,freeboar r J . ' l' he v e rl tc a l d ts t.a n c e In c l i s i , rr.ut)rrL ,ti c .L,,i i )5 sl us ucL\vu.;l l .

tl tr:
s um m e rl oa d l ine (or scrvicedraf-t)and t h e f rc c b o a rdd c c k . T h e f re e b o a rd
d e cll i s no r m ally the uppermostcomple t e d c c k e x p o s e dt o rv e a t h e ra n d
s e aw hich h a s permanentmeansof closin ea li o p e n in g s a , n d b e lo rvwh ic h
a l l op e n in g si n the ship'sside have wate rt ig h tc lo s in g s .
Sh e e r :C ur va tureof dccks in the longit u d in a ld ire c t io n .Me a s u re da s t h c
h c iq h tof d e ck at sidc at any point abov e t h c h c ig h t o f d e c . <a t s id ea mid -
s h ip s.
C onthe(ro r R ountJqf B cant\.Curvatureo f d e c k sin t h e t rA n s v e rsdeire c t io n .
N l ea su r cda s the heightof dcck at cent rea b o v c t h c h e ig h t o f d e c k a t s id e .
W .'l .h e r ise o |thebtlttonlshellpIatinglin e a b o v e
t h e b a seIi ne . T his rise is nreasuredat t h e lin e r> l rn o u ld e db e a n r.
l i tr s of l(ccl.' J'hc horizontal f la t n o rt it in o l t h e b o t t o m sh'ell
mc a s u r- etdo p ort o r sta rb o a rdo f th e ship' slongitudinal centr eIine.This
i s a use fuld in r cnsionto know when dry-d o c k in g .
Tun thlch o m eThe : inward curvature of t h e s id , : s h e ll a b o v e t h e s u mme r
l o ad lin c.
Fl or e :The o u tward curvaturc of thc s id e s h c ll a t ro v e t h e wa t c rlin e . ' I t
p r ontotesd r yn essanclis thcrcforc assoc ia t c d* ' it h t h c f o rc e n d o i s h ip .
S l e lr R nke. In clinationof thc stcm linc rf ro n rt lt c v ert ic ; il.
Kcet R i ke.' Inclinationof thc lieel Iinc f ro n r t h e h o riz o n t a l.T ra rilc rs a n c l
t u g so fte n ha vc keelsrakcd a[t to givc ere a t e rc lc p t ha f t * h c rc t h c p ro p e lle r
d i an r cter is proportionatcly largcr in t h is t 1 ' p e o I r. ' e s s e l. S n ra ll c ra f t
o c casio n a llyh avc foru/zrrdrakc of keel t o b rin g p ro p c llc rsa b o v c t h e lin e
o f kccl .
Tu'cctt De r k ilt:i!:ht.'V crticulclistanceb c t \ r' c c na d ja c c n tc lc c k sn lc a s Ut € d
f r on r thc tr r p sof dcck bcanrsat ship sid c .
P n,',,tt,,tlti ,t, ': The lcngth ovcr rv h rc ht h c n rid s h ips e c t io nrc ma in s
c o n stallti n ar ea and shabc.
E n tr an ce :The imnrersedbody of thc ve s s Ief o rwa rd o f t h c parallel niid,lle
b o d y.
@ a ; J h c i r n n rcrsebdo cl yo i tl tc vcssclaft of tlic pr nr lleI nr itldlchody.
T o n n a { t : T h i si s o ftcnrcl crrcdto u l rcn thc siz-(cr f' tiic\.e\stli:,..iiscr tsscd,
a n d t h c g r o s sto n n l g c i s cl u o tcdl i o nt Lloyd' s l{ cgistcrTonnage
. is a
m e a s u r eo f t he cn cl o scdi n tcrrra lvo l um c of the vcsscl.
100cubic fect
re p r c s c n t i nogn e to n . T h i s i s d ca l t rvith in detailin AppcndixA. Notc
t h a t t h c r ci s n o rn e tri ccq u i va l cnat t p r ese
nt.
in Flgur e2.1.
T h e p r i n c i p adl i rn e n si o nosf th e sh i par e illustr ated
 ;
I ..
, ;hip I)inrctnionsud I'ornl
'l
;l
ii
,ii The hull form of a ship may be definedby a numberof dimensions and
teimsrvhichare oftenieferreclto during und aft., buildingthe vessel. An
e x p l a n a ti oonf th e p ri n ci p ate
l rmsis givenbelol:
.e{terperpendicul@: A perpendicular drawnto the waterlineat the
p o i n t w h e reth e a ft si d eo f th e rudderpost meetsthe sum m erload line.
Whereno nrdderpost is litted it is takenas the cerrtreline of the rudder
stock.
trorv,ard Perpendiculor (f .Pj; A perpendicular drawn to the rvatcrlineat
t h e p o i n tw h e reth e fo re si d e o f the stemmeetsthe summ erload line.
-,LengllLBetw,een Pcrp!:nliedglLlL.B.f.): The lcngth betweenthe forward
a n d a f t p e rp e n d i cu l ame
rs a su red alongthe summ erload line.
Anidship;.'Apoint miclu,av betrveen theaftcr and forwardperpendiculars.
r engthOrerall(,L.O..4.\;Length of vesseltakenover all extremitiss.
Llpyd-,s-Lengh;Used for obtainingscantlingsif the vessclis classedwith
Lloyd's Regislgt It is thc samcas lengthbetiveenperpendiculars except
t h a t i t m ustn o t b e l e ssth a n9 6 p ercentand ncednot be r nor ethan97 per
c e n to [ t he e xtre mel e n g tho n the summ erload line. If the ship hasan
t u n u s u astel rna rra n q cmcntht e l engthis givenspecial consider ation.
N'loulded dimensions are oftenreferredto; theseare takento the inside
o f p l a t i n go n a stce sh l ip.
-B;tsSg-l-jJJe*: A horizontal linedrau,nat the top of the keelplate.All vcrtical
r n o u l d ed d i me n si o nasre n l e a su redr elativeto' thisline.
il'fouldedBeanLMeasuredat the midshipsectionis thpmaximurnmoulded
b r c a d t ho f th c sh i n .
tr{otilcfuiDra{t,' tu'l'easurecl from the baseline to the,,summer load line at
t h e m i d sh i pse cti o n ..
UUlaea neUb, Measuredfrom the baseline to the heel of the upper
: d e c kb e a ma t th e sh i p 'ssi d ea mi dships.
i Exlg,ndgu; The maximumbeamtakenover all extremitics.
i ExtrenrcDraft' Takenfrom the lorvestpoint of keelto the summerload
line. Draft marksrepresent cxtremedrafts.
ExtrenrcDeplh;Depth of vessclat ship'ssidcfrom upperdeckto lowest
p o i n t o f ke e l .
lls$JLudll; Sincea ship'shull is symmetricalabout the longitudinai
centreline,often.onlythe haif bcamor half breadthat any sectionis gi,.,en.
 I

Length betw eenperpenbi cutors (L.B .p)

Length on w oterl i ne(L,WL.)
.
I

.Afti
per pendic urto

' Rise of floor

Fr culr R2.1Pr incipalshipctim ensions

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MIDSI]IP SECT]CI{, }]OU)}]D }'ON}i

FI = Cacber ol Xcund of lea;rr

"BC = l e a d ri se or: fi i ee of Fl oor.
Jl = ;} g g b 6 ard to 2nd neck
I
a = F e e b o ard to | l 7i n )gck
nJ-. = Flat ef 1ce1