GENERAL APPLICATION AND SPECIFICATION INFORMATION

Diagram № 2
APPLICATION
(SIZING AND STEERING SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS) H
G
STEP ONE: Minimum
Calculate approximate kingpin torque (ML). Effective
Weight ML
Radius Arm Kingpin
2
ML = G . m B +l2
8
r
Note: Double ML if steered wheels are powered. F A A Actual
Length
ML = Kingpin torque in daNm [lb-in].
Radius
Arm
G = Vehicle weight on steered axle daN [lbs] (use
maximum estimated overload weight).
V
m = Coefficient of friction (use Chart № 1 , dimensionless ) STEP TWO:
determined by l / B (see Diagram № 1). Calculate approximate cylinder; force-area-stroke-
volume.
B = Nominal width of tyre print, m [in] ML
(see Diagram № 1). FORCE F=
r
l = Kingpin offset. The distance between tyre centerline F = Force required daN [lbs] to steer axle.
intersection at ground and kingpins centerline
intersection at ground in, m [in] (see Diagram№1). ML = Kingpin torque in daNm [lb-in ] from step one. Double
ML if steered wheels are powered.
Chart № 1
0,7 r = Effective radius Arm mm [in] is the minimum distance
from the centerline of the cylinders minimum and
0,6
maximum stroke points parallel to the kingpin center
0,5 pivot. This is not the physical length of the radius Arm
(see Diagram № 2 and Chart № 2).
0,4
m Chart № 2
0,3
H
0,2 rmin. = rmax. . cos g
2
0,1 g
rmax.
rmin.

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

STROKE
l/B H = Stroke, cm [in].
Rubber tyres on dry concrete. Calculate stroke of cylinder using Diagram № 2 and
Chart № 2 as shaft.
H =2 rmax. . sin g
Diagram № 1 2
F
AREA A= DP
2 2
A = Cylinder area for axle cylinder set, cm [in ].

F = Force required from step two force formula, daN [lbs].

D P = Hydraulic pressure bar [PSI] use following percentage

of relief valve setting by amount of load on steered
B axle. Severe load 25% - medium load 55% - no load
l 75% .

35
 STEERING
UNIT

DIAMETER DISPLACEMENT VD = V
n
After the cylinder set area is determined, the cylinder
3 3
diameter can be calculated. VD = Displacement, cm /rev [in /rev].
3 3
D = Inside diameter of cylinder, cm [in]. V = Volume of oil, cm [in ].
d = Road diameter of cylinder, cm [in]. n = Steering wheel turns lock to lock.

Choose type of cylinder arrangement and formula shown After completing the above displacement calculation,
for that type. choose the closest standard hydrostatic steering unit in
displacement size that incorporates circuity you require.
Differential Cross Connected Recalculate the number of steering wheel turns using the
Cylinder Cylinders displacement of selected standard hydrostatic steering unit
outlined above. Use the formula shown below.

D d n= V
VD
3 3
V = Volume of oil, cm [in ].
n = Steering wheel turns lock to lock.
D d
Note: For differential cylinders applications the cylinder
volume will be different for left and right turns - this
means the value n (steering wheel turns lock to lock)
4A 2 will vary when turning to the left or right.
D= +d
p 2
2A d STEP FOUR:
D= +
2 p 2
d
Note: ≤ 0,15 Calculate approximate minimum and maximum
D steering circuit flow requirements.
Balanced Opposed VD . N
Cylinder Cylinder Q=
Unit Conversion for
Imperial or [1000] Metric

Q = Steering circuit flow, lpm [GPM].

VD = Unit displacement, cm3/rev [in3/rev]
D d D N = Steering wheel input speed, RPM.
Recommended steering speed is 50 to 100 RPM.
Many variables are involved in sizing the pump. We suggest
that the manufacturer should test and evaluate for the
4A 2 4A desired performance.
D= +d D=
p p
GENERAL INFORMATION
VOLUME V = H .A
FLUID DATA:
To insure maximum performance and life of the Hydrostatic
V = Volume. The total amount of oil required to move the
3 3 steering units, use premium quality hydraulic oils. Fluids
cylinder rod(s) through the entire stroke, cm [in ]. with effective quantities of anti-wear agents or additives are
H = Stroke, cm [in]. highly recommended. If using synthetic fluids consult the
2 2
A = Area, cm [in ]. factory for alternative seal materials.
Note: For differential cylinders it is important to calculate
average cylinder volume for step three using below · Viscosity
formula. Viscosity at normal operating temperature should be
2
2 2 approx. 20 mm /s [100 SUS]. Viscosity range 10 - 300
Vavg. = H . (2.D - d )
4 2
mm /s [60 - 1500 SUS].
STEP THREE: · Temperature
Normal operating temperature range from +300C [+850F]
Selecting displacement of hydrostatic steering unit. to +600C [1400F ].
Minimum operating temperature -400C [-400F].
At this point determine number of steering wheel Maximum operating temperature +800C [+1760F].
revolutions desired for your application to steer the wheels Note: Extended periods of operation at temperature of 600C
from one side to the other (lock to lock). Depending on the and above will greatly reduce the life of the oil due to
type of vehicle and its use, this will vary from 3 to 5 turns. oxidation and will shorten the life of the product.

36
 STEERING
UNIT

· Filtration MOUNTING UNITS

The maximum degree of contamination per ISO 4406 or All hydrostatic steering units should be installed for ease of
CETOP RP is: access. It is recommended that the steering unit be located
- 20/17 open center units outside the vehicle cabin.
- 19/16 closed center and load sensing It is important that no radial axial load be applied to the
- 16/12 priority valves
hydrostatic steering unit input shaft. Some or all radial and
Return line filtration of 25 mm nominal (40 - 50 mm absolute)
axial loads must be absorbed by the steering column or
or finer is recommended.
other operating device s supplied by the vehicle
In extremely dusty conditions filtration of 10 mm absolute
manufacturer.
should be used. Ports on the steering cylinder(s) should face upward to
prevent damage.
START UP During installation of the hydrostatic steering unit,
All air must be purged from system before operating unit. It is
cleanliness is of the utmost importance. Pipe plugs should
extremely important that any external lines or units with load
be left in place during mounting and only removed when
sensing or priority feature be completely bled. Lines going to
hydraulic lines are to be connected.
and from cylinders as well as lines to and from pump be
purged of all air. It is recommended that a 10-15 mm filter be
used between pump and steering unit before start up.

CONVERSIONS
to convert inches and millimeters: to convert pounds per square inch and bar:
1 in = 25,4 mm 1 PSI = 0,0689 bar
1 mm = .03973 in 1 bar =14.51 PSI
to convert gallons per minute and to convert pounds-inch and newton-meters:
liters per minute: 1 lb-in = 0,113 Nm
1 GPM = 3,785 lpm 1 Nm = 8.85 lb-in
1 lpm = .2642 GPM
TORQUE TIGHTENING VALUES
Fluid connections

Max. tightening torque

daNm [lb-in]
Fluid
connection metal copper aluminum O - ring
edge washer washer
G 1/4 4,0 [350] 3,5 [309] 3,5 [309]
G 3/8 7,0 [620] 4,5 [398] 5,0 [442]
G 1/2 10,0 [885] 5,5 [486] 8,0 [708]
G 3/4 18,0 [1593] 9,0 [796] 13,0 [1150]
M 10 x 1 4,0 [350] 2,0 [180] 3,0 [265]
M 18 x 1,5 8,0 [708] 5,5 [486] 7,0 [620]
M 22 x 1,5 10,0 [885] 6,5 [575] 8,0 [708]
7/16 - 20 UNF 2,0 [180]
9/16 - 18 UNF 5,0 [442]
3/4 - 16 UNF 6,0 [531]
7/8 - 14 UNF 9,0 [796]
1 1/16 - 12 UN 12,0 [1062]

Mounting bolts
Mounting Tightening torque
bolts daNm [lb - in]
3/8 - 16 UNC 3,0 ± 0,5 [230 ÷ 310]
M 10 x 1 6,5 ± 0,5 [540 ÷ 620]
M 10 3,0 ± 0,5 [230 ÷ 310]

37
 WARRANTY

M+S Hydraulic warrants, that its products, supplied directly to original equipment
manufacturer, authorized distributor or other customer, will be free of defects in material or
workmanship at the time of shipment from M+S Hydraulic and will conform to the products
technical documentation (drawings and specifications) under sale agreement with Buyer.

This warranty will apply only to defects appearing within applicable Warranty period,
mentioned below. If Buyer notifies M+S Hydraulic within the Warranty period about any
such defects, M+S, at its sole option will replace or repair the defective products or their
parts found by M+S Hydraulic to be defective in material or workmanship.

THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS AVAILABLE ONLY IF “M+S HYDRAULIC”

IS PROMPTLY NOTIFIED IN WRITTEN OF THE ALLEGED DEFECT AND DOES NOT
COVER FAILURE TO FUNCTION CAUSED BY DAMAGE TO THE PRODUCT,
IMPROPER INSTALLATION, UNREASONABLE USE OR ABUSE OF THE PRODUCT,
FAILURE TO PROVIDE OR USE OF IMPROPER MAINTENANCE OR USUAL,
DEGRADATION OF THE PRODUCT DUE TO PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS OF AN
USUAL NATURE. THE FOREGOING REMEDIES ARE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO CUSTOMER. To facilitate the inspection, M+S Hydraulic may
require return of the product/part, which Buyer claims to be defective.
M+S Hydraulic shall not be liable for labor costs or any other expenses incurred during
the disassembling or reinstalling of the product/part.
In case the claimed products are returned to M+S Hydraulic in bad condition: dirty,
disassembled, with damaged or missing parts during transportation, the warranty will be
considered as not applicable and the products will not be liable to repair.

Warranty periods

New products: The Warranty period is limited to 24 consecutive months (2 years) from
the date of production of the product.

Repaired products: If the product is repaired in M+S Hydraulic during its warranty
period, the warranty period of the repaired item shall continue for the balance of original
Warranty period or for a period equal to 50% of the original new product Warranty period,
whichever is later.

Spare parts: The Warranty period for Spare parts is 12 consecutive months (1 year)
from the dispatch date of such parts from M+S Hydraulic.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY M+S Hydraulic's liability for claim of any kind, for loss or
damage arising out of, connected with or resulting from an order, or from the performance
or branch thereof, or from the design, manufacture, sale delivery, operation or use of any of
its products shall be limited to, at M+S 's sole option, replacement, repair of any defective
product or the issuance of a credit to Customer against any future purchases. Cash
refunds will not be made under any circumstances and Customer will not be entitled to
recover any damages of any kind against M+S Hydraulic, including but not limited to
incidental or consequential damages, whether direct or indirect, known or unknown,
foreseen or unforeseen.