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    EPISTASIS

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    faryal
    Epistasis is an interaction between genes where the effect of one gene is modified by one or more other genes. Experiments on chickens and peas showed that two independently assorting genes can influence a trait. For example, in peas, flowers were purple if both dominant alleles were present and white if either recessive allele was present, demonstrating epistasis. Further experiments on weed plants and silkworms also demonstrated epistasis between genes controlling seed capsule shape and egg color respectively. Problems involving inheritance patterns in various organisms were presented to illustrate epistatic interactions.

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    EPISTASIS

    Uploaded by

    faryal
    429 views3 pages
    Epistasis is an interaction between genes where the effect of one gene is modified by one or more other genes. Experiments on chickens and peas showed that two independently assorting genes can influence a trait. For example, in peas, flowers were purple if both dominant alleles were present and white if either recessive allele was present, demonstrating epistasis. Further experiments on weed plants and silkworms also demonstrated epistasis between genes controlling seed capsule shape and egg color respectively. Problems involving inheritance patterns in various organisms were presented to illustrate epistatic interactions.

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    Epistasis is an interaction between genes where the effect of one gene is modified by one or more other genes. Experiments on chickens and peas showed that two independently assorting genes can influence a trait. For example, in peas, flowers were purple if both dominant alleles were present and white if either recessive allele was present, demonstrating epistasis. Further experiments on weed plants and silkworms also demonstrated epistasis between genes controlling seed capsule shape and egg color respectively. Problems involving inheritance patterns in various organisms were presented to illustrate epistatic interactions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    429 views3 pages

    EPISTASIS

    Uploaded by

    faryal
    Epistasis is an interaction between genes where the effect of one gene is modified by one or more other genes. Experiments on chickens and peas showed that two independently assorting genes can influence a trait. For example, in peas, flowers were purple if both dominant alleles were present and white if either recessive allele was present, demonstrating epistasis. Further experiments on weed plants and silkworms also demonstrated epistasis between genes controlling seed capsule shape and egg color respectively. Problems involving inheritance patterns in various organisms were presented to illustrate epistatic interactions.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    EPISTASIS

    Epistasis is derived from a Greek word meaning to stand above.


    It is an interaction between genes when the action of one gene is modified by one or
    several other genes
    Genes which modify the action of certain genes are called modifier genes.
    The gene whose phenotype is expressed is said to be epistatic,
    While the phenotype altered or suppressed is said to be hypostatic

    Experiments of Bateson and Punnet


    Experiments on chicken comb

    -Wyandotte (rose comb, RRpp) -Brahma (pea comb, rrPP)

    -The hybrid of Wyandotte and Brahma give a walnut comb where both gene are
    heterozygous (RrPp).

    – Recessive form gave single comb (rrpp) in Leghorn

    F1
    All walnut comb
    F2
    9 walnut,
    3 rose,
    3 pea and
    1 single
    It is an evidence that two independent assorted genes can affect a trait

    Experiments on Pea plant

    – White flower color (CCpp)


    – White flower color (ccPP)
    – F1 all purple flowers
    – F2 9 purple 7 white flowers

    If dominant alleles of both genes present, flower color is purple otherwise white color

    Doubled recessive homozygous are not different from single recessive homozygous
    means recessive allels is epistatic over the dominant allel of other gene.

    A plausible explantion could be that to symthesize anthocyanin from a biochemical


    precursor, two enzymes are involved one from each dominant allel. Missing of one may
    block the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanin.
    • Precursor…C…Intermediate…P…anthocyanin
    • C-P- + + +
    • ccP- + + -
    • C-pp + + -

    Experiment by George Shull

    Epistatic studies by George Shull using a weed plant “Shepherds purse”


    – AABB (triangular seed capsule)
    – aabb (Ovoid seed capsule)
    – F1 all triangular
    – F2 15 triangular and 1 ovoid seed capsules.
    Suggested that the dominant allel of one gene is epistatic over the recessive allel of the
    others.
    It could be due to duplicate developmental pathways. One pathway may involves the
    dominant allel of gene A and the other may involves the dominant allel of gene B
    Both pathways are blocked to yield product if both gene are recessive.

    Problems

    1: Retinitis pigmentosa, a form of blindness in man may be caused either by a dominant


    autosomal gene, R, or a recessive autosomal gene, a. Thus only A_rr individuals are
    normal. An afflicted man whose parents are both normal marries a woman of genotype
    AaRr. What proportion of the children are expected to suffer from this affliction if R and
    A are inherited independently?

    2: One homozygous strain of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) lays white eggs, another lays
    pink, and still another black. Suppose that white and black are not controlled by alleles of
    the same gene (this tells you that there are more than two genes involved) and that white
    is epistatic to black (this tells you that if you have the dominant white gene (W) and the
    dominant black gene (B) the white phenotype will stand upon or hide the expression of
    the black phenotype).
    In the F2 of a black x white mating, one-sixteenth of the progeny lay pink eggs. set up a
    hypothesis to explain the results and diagram the expected genotypes and phenotypes in
    the F1 and F2.

    3: In the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) spherical fruit is recessive to disk, Spherical
    races from different geographic regions were crossed. The F1's were disk, and the F2's
    segregated 35 disk, 25 spherical and 4 elongate. Explain these results.

    4: In the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) white fruit is controlled by a dominant allele,
    W, and colored fruit by its recessive, w. In ww plants the color alleles (Y for yellow fruit,
    are dominant to y for green fruit) are expressed.
    • What is the phenotype of the F1 of a white plant of genotype WWyy crossed with
    a homozygous yellow plant?

    • What ratio is expected in the F2? What type of interaction is involved?

    • A cross between a plant with yellow fruit and a plant with white fruit produced 58
    white: 39 yellow: 16 green. What are the genotypes of the parents?

    5: Two true breeding white-flowered lines of sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) when
    crossed produced purple-flowered F1's and 100 purple- and 72 white-flowered F2's
    • show statistically that this could not be considered a random deviation from a 1:1
    ratio
    • Describe the form of inheritance involved, indicating the most likely theoretical
    ratio. Diagram the cross, indicating the genotypes for each phenotype.

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