Scribd
Upload
148 views6 pages

Borelog FINAL

1) The document summarizes a lab experiment on borehole logging and interpretation. Samples of 4 boreholes were analyzed to determine soil type, consistency, and rock quality designation (RQD). 2) Standard penetration tests were conducted to calculate N-values and determine soil strength. RQD values were also calculated from core samples to estimate rock mass quality. 3) The results showed that borehole 1 and 3 had the highest N-values, indicating denser soil. Borehole 4 had the highest RQD value of 88.18%, signifying excellent rock mass quality at that depth. However, weathering of samples limits the accuracy of results.

Uploaded by

Kaaviyan Thirunyanam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
148 views6 pages

Borelog FINAL

1) The document summarizes a lab experiment on borehole logging and interpretation. Samples of 4 boreholes were analyzed to determine soil type, consistency, and rock quality designation (RQD). 2) Standard penetration tests were conducted to calculate N-values and determine soil strength. RQD values were also calculated from core samples to estimate rock mass quality. 3) The results showed that borehole 1 and 3 had the highest N-values, indicating denser soil. Borehole 4 had the highest RQD value of 88.18%, signifying excellent rock mass quality at that depth. However, weathering of samples limits the accuracy of results.

Uploaded by

Kaaviyan Thirunyanam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Name: KAAVIYAN A/L THIRUNYANAM Matric Number: 193960

Group: K2B

Lab 10: Bore-log (Development and Interpretation)

Introduction:

Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record (a bore
log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole. The log may be based either on visual
inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements
made by instruments lowered into the hole (geophysical logs). Bore logging is performed in
boreholes drilled for the oil and gas, groundwater, mineral and geothermal exploration, as well
as part of environmental and geotechnical studies.

Objective:

1. To determine the type of soil whether cohesive (clays and silt) or non-cohesive (sand
and gravels).

2. To determine the consistency of the soil.

3. To determine the value of Rock Quality Designation of a certain level of ground.

Apparatus:

1. Open tube sample


2. Ruler
3. Glove

Sample preparation:

4 samples of bore-log were given in the lab.


Procedure:

1. 4 samples of bore log had been prepared in the lab.


2. Borehole 1, BH 1 as the first sample was been identified and the description for every
depth was recorded.
3. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) which stated on the sample of the bore log was
recorded and Total SPT, N is calculated by adding all the SPT in the same depth of the
sample.
4. Length of core pieces which more than 10cm was measured and recorded. By using the
∑ 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 10𝑐𝑚
formula, 𝑅𝑄𝐷 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑛
× 100% , Rock Quality
Designation, RQD can be calculated.
5. The type of rock for the sample was identified.
6. Steps 2 to 5 is repeated for samples BH 2, BH 3 and BH 4.

Result and Calculation:

RESULT AND CALCULATION

ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION (RQD)

Formula

RQD = (LENGTH OF ROCK EXCEED 0.1m / DISTANCE OF HOLE) X 100

BORE HOLE 1

𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟗𝒎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝒎
= 19.12%
BORE HOLE 2

𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟓𝒎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝒎
= 50%

BORE HOLE 3

𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝒎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟎. 𝟔𝒎
=21.7%

BORE HOLE 4

𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝒎

=18.94%
Discussion:

60
SPT values against the depth
50
SPT, N- VALUES

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

BH1 BH2 BH3 BH4

Graph 10.1 SPT, N-values graph

The standard penetration test (SPT), N can be used to approximate the strength of the
soils. The higher the N value, the denser the soil and hence the higher the strength of the soil.
From the graph 10.1 we can see that the N value of the BH 1 and BH 3 is significantly higher than
other specimens at 50. Hence, we can approximate that the strength of the soil of the BH 1 at
the depth of 1.5-2.0 and the soil of BH 3 at the depth of 4.5-5.0 are the highest and they are the
densest.

Furthermore, the blow count can be used to provide an indication of the relative density
of the soils. For the cohesive soil, the higher the blow count, the harder is the soil. For non-
cohesive soil, the higher the blow count, the denser of the soil as shown in table below. Besides,
we can classify the soil with the British Standard which the particle size of the clay is < 0.002mm,
silt< 0.06mm, sand< 2mm and the gravel< 60mm.
100

80

60

40

20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

BH 1 BH 2 BH 3 BH 4

Graph 10.2 RQD graph

RQD Rock Mass Quality


<25% Very poor
25-50% Poor
50-75% Fair
75-90% Good
90-100% Excellent
Table 10.1 Rock Mass Quality

Besides, the rock quality designation, RQD for the rock is calculated. The RQD values can
be used to determine the rock mass quality. Therefore, from the graph we can see that the
value of the RQD for the BH 4 is the highest at 88.18% which mean that the rock mass quality of
BH 4 is excellent at the depth of 5.16m to 5.6m.

However, the samples that are prepared in the lab is not well stored. Hence, the
samples are starting to be weathered. As the impact, the result of the bore log might not be
accurate.
Conclusion:

In conclusion, the bore logs were one of the most important aspect in civil engineering field. In
order to understand the materials beneath a piece of land, Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
need to be carried out. By using the method of bore log, we can determine the type of soil and
type of rock at site. Besides, we can determine whether the soil of the sample is either cohesive
or non-cohesive. With the calculated SPT N-values, the strength of the soil can be determined.
With the calculated RQD, the rock mass quality can be approximate too. Therefore, the
objectives of this lab have been achieved. Other than that, through this test, the strength of the
rocks can be determined and thus give a hint to engineers on how to design the construction.

Reference:

1. Schepers, G. Gelbke, B. Lehmann (2001) . Application of borehole logging, core


imaging and tomography to geotechnical exploration. International Journal of Rock
Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38(6), 867-876.

2. Lianyang Zhang (2016). Determination and application of rock quality designation


(RQD). Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(3), 389-397.

3. Mona B. Anwar(2018). Correlation between PMT and SPT results for calcareous soil.
HBRC Journal, 14(1), 50-55.

4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPT

5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_recovery_parameters

You might also like