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    Olivia's Coniferous Forest Brochure

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    Charles Ippolito
    The document discusses the northern coniferous forest biome. It is prominent in northern parts of the world like Canada, Maine, Finland, and Sweden. The forest is dense with evergreen trees like pines, spruces and firs. It has long, cold winters with abundant precipitation and well-defined seasons. Common animal species include moose, reindeer, snowshoe hares and bears. Coniferous trees have adaptations like needle-like leaves and downward-pointing branches to withstand the climate. Lichens also have important symbiotic relationships in the forest biome.

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    Olivia's Coniferous Forest Brochure

    Uploaded by

    Charles Ippolito
    680 views7 pages
    The document discusses the northern coniferous forest biome. It is prominent in northern parts of the world like Canada, Maine, Finland, and Sweden. The forest is dense with evergreen trees like pines, spruces and firs. It has long, cold winters with abundant precipitation and well-defined seasons. Common animal species include moose, reindeer, snowshoe hares and bears. Coniferous trees have adaptations like needle-like leaves and downward-pointing branches to withstand the climate. Lichens also have important symbiotic relationships in the forest biome.

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    Olivia's Coniferous Forest Brochure

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    The document discusses the northern coniferous forest biome. It is prominent in northern parts of the world like Canada, Maine, Finland, and Sweden. The forest is dense with evergreen trees like pines, spruces and firs. It has long, cold winters with abundant precipitation and well-defined seasons. Common animal species include moose, reindeer, snowshoe hares and bears. Coniferous trees have adaptations like needle-like leaves and downward-pointing branches to withstand the climate. Lichens also have important symbiotic relationships in the forest biome.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    680 views7 pages

    Olivia's Coniferous Forest Brochure

    Uploaded by

    Charles Ippolito
    The document discusses the northern coniferous forest biome. It is prominent in northern parts of the world like Canada, Maine, Finland, and Sweden. The forest is dense with evergreen trees like pines, spruces and firs. It has long, cold winters with abundant precipitation and well-defined seasons. Common animal species include moose, reindeer, snowshoe hares and bears. Coniferous trees have adaptations like needle-like leaves and downward-pointing branches to withstand the climate. Lichens also have important symbiotic relationships in the forest biome.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    1 

    Northern Coniferous 
    Forest 
    Olivia Doyle
    Conifers are gymnosperms that exhibit a 
    characteristic cone shape in their reproductive 
    structures. 

    WELCOME TO THE N
    ​ ORTHERN CONIFEROUS FOREST 

    Rich with dense groves of evergreen trees, sparkling rivers and inviting lakes, the coniferous 
    forest is one for the nature-lover. Experience nature in its purest form, surrounded by native 
    species of moss, elk, snowshoe hares, moose, and even reindeer. Hike through the dense 
    forest and become one with 
    your beautiful surroundings. 

    The coniferous forest is 


    prominent in the northern parts 
    of the world, including Canada, 
    Maine, Finland, Sweden, and 
    Norway. The green parts on the 
    map to the right display the main 
    areas of coniferous production. 

    Biotic Factors 
    Biotic factors include any living part of the ecosystem. In 
    the coniferous forest, this would include animals such as 
    moose, reindeer, caribou, snowshoe hares, bears, owls, 
    foxes, wolves, lynxes, and racoons. Typical plant species 
    include coniferous trees such as evergreens, spruces, pines 
    and fir trees. The abundance of trees provides habit and 
    shelter for animals.  
    Abiotic Factors: 
    Abiotic factors are parts of the ecosystem that are nonliving and affect living organisms. 
    These factors include light, altitude, abundant precipitation, cool temperature, and water 
    sources. The coniferous forest does not receive intense solar radiation as the sun is never 
    directly overhead. 
    Coniferous forests make up ​one-third​ of the world’s forests. 

    Climate: 
    The climate of the coniferous forest is 
    characterized by long and cold winters, 
    high precipitation, and well-defined 
    seasons. Moist and mild air from the 
    Pacific causes the high amount of annual 
    rainfall. Their summers are warm and 
    humid. Average annual rainfall is from 
    300 mm (11.8 in) to 900 mm (35.4 in) a 
    year. The temperature ranges from -40 
    degrees C to 20 degrees C. Because the 
    sun is never directly overhead, solar 
    energy is not intense. To the right is 
    annual temperature & precipitation data 
    from a coniferous forest in Alberta, Canada. Its climate is significant because it is estimated 
    by scientists that Earth would be cooler without the coniferous forest biome.  

    Flora: 
    T​he flora tend to have short growing seasons of long days. The most prominent flora
    of the coniferous forest include the coniferous trees, such as evergreens, spruces, pines, and 
    firs. These trees display an adaptation to their environment in their needle-like leaves, 
    which have a waxy coat that prevent water loss in cold temperatures. Additionally, their 
    branches are flexible and point downwards so that snow slides easily off them. There is an 
    abundance and diversity of mosses, with ⅓ of the ground cover made up of mosses. The 
    fireweed plant exhibits a helpful adaptation to the forest, in that it is able to colonize and 
    proliferate in recently burned areas. Vascular plants of the forest include the lingonberry 
    and the baneberry.  

    Pine trees (above) are a type of conifer. 

    The fireweed plant can easily recover after forest fires. 

    Fauna: 
    Animals of the coniferous forest include moose, wolves, reindeer, caribou, and bears. Bears 
    adapt to this biome by hibernating when temperatures drop. Birds native to the biome 
    include thrushes, woodpeckers, warblers, and flycatchers. There are very few cold-blooded 
    vertebrates (like frogs and snakes) because of the extremely cold temperatures in the 
    winter. The snowshoe hare is particularly suited to the environment with its camouflage 
    coat that undergoes change throughout the year depending on the season. In addition, its 
    feet are large in proportion to its body to allow the hare to walk over the snow with ease.  
     

    The reindeer (left) and the snowshoe hare (right).  

     
    Symbiotic Relationships: 
    Relationships between biotic and abiotic factors are essential in the success of an 
    ecosystem. A particularly important symbiotic relationship in the coniferous forest is the 
    mutualistic relationship between algae and fungi, which form lichen. Fungi provide nutrients 
    and water to the algae, while the algae produce food for the fungi through photosynthesis, 
    resulting in a benefit for both organisms. Fungi also form a mutualistic relationship with 
    trees by colonizing its roots, producing minerals for the tree. An example of a commensalist 
    relationship is the Great Grey owl’s relation to the tree- it takes shelter in the tree, without 
    harming or helping it.  
     
    Food Web: 
       

     
    Fun Facts: 
    ● The taiga (coniferous forest) is the world’s largest biome
    ● The biome represents 29% of the world’s forest cover
    ● The lowest recorded temperatures in the northern hemisphere were recorded in the
    taiga of northern Russia
    ● Only 12% of the coniferous forest is protected around the world, with 30%
    designated for industrial development and energy

    Works Cited
    “Coniferous Forest Biome.” ​Untamed Science​,
    www.untamedscience.com/biology/biomes/coniferous-forest-biome/​.

    “Coniferous Forests: Location, Temperature, Precipitation, Plants and Animals.” ​Conserve


    Energy Future​, 25 Dec. 2016, ​www.conserve-energy-future.com/coniferous-forest.php​.

    Heimbuch, Jaymi. “30 Fascinating Facts about the Boreal Forest.” ​TreeHugger​, Treehugger, 5
    Feb. 2018,
    www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/30-fascinating-facts-about-the-boreal-forest.html​.

    Juday, Glenn Patrick. “Taiga.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 Jan.
    2018, ​www.britannica.com/science/taiga​.

    The Princeton Review: Cracking the AP Biology Exam, 2018​. Penguin Random House, 2017.

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