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    AC Induction Motors vs. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

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    Ahmed Ghreeb
    Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) offer higher efficiencies compared to traditional AC induction motors. PMSMs rely on magnets to turn the rotor, which spins at the same speed as the motor's internal rotating magnetic field. In contrast, AC induction motors use electric current to turn the rotor and it always rotates at a lower speed than the magnetic field. PMSMs require a variable frequency drive to operate as they cannot run without one to control motor speed. While initially more expensive than AC induction motors, PMSMs provide significant efficiency improvements and can be up to one third smaller in size. As variable frequency drives add features to better support PMSMs, their use is expected to grow as they offer

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    AC Induction Motors vs. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Ghreeb
    780 views5 pages
    Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) offer higher efficiencies compared to traditional AC induction motors. PMSMs rely on magnets to turn the rotor, which spins at the same speed as the motor's internal rotating magnetic field. In contrast, AC induction motors use electric current to turn the rotor and it always rotates at a lower speed than the magnetic field. PMSMs require a variable frequency drive to operate as they cannot run without one to control motor speed. While initially more expensive than AC induction motors, PMSMs provide significant efficiency improvements and can be up to one third smaller in size. As variable frequency drives add features to better support PMSMs, their use is expected to grow as they offer

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    general difference between AC Induction Motors and PM Synchronous Motors

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    Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) offer higher efficiencies compared to traditional AC induction motors. PMSMs rely on magnets to turn the rotor, which spins at the same speed as the motor's internal rotating magnetic field. In contrast, AC induction motors use electric current to turn the rotor and it always rotates at a lower speed than the magnetic field. PMSMs require a variable frequency drive to operate as they cannot run without one to control motor speed. While initially more expensive than AC induction motors, PMSMs provide significant efficiency improvements and can be up to one third smaller in size. As variable frequency drives add features to better support PMSMs, their use is expected to grow as they offer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    780 views5 pages

    AC Induction Motors vs. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Ghreeb
    Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) offer higher efficiencies compared to traditional AC induction motors. PMSMs rely on magnets to turn the rotor, which spins at the same speed as the motor's internal rotating magnetic field. In contrast, AC induction motors use electric current to turn the rotor and it always rotates at a lower speed than the magnetic field. PMSMs require a variable frequency drive to operate as they cannot run without one to control motor speed. While initially more expensive than AC induction motors, PMSMs provide significant efficiency improvements and can be up to one third smaller in size. As variable frequency drives add features to better support PMSMs, their use is expected to grow as they offer

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    AC Induction Motors vs.

    Permanent
    Magnet Synchronous Motors

    *Image Courtesy of New Energy and Fuel.com

    Authors: Steve Bistak, Regional Sales Manager – NE, AC Drives / HMI


    Department, Fuji Electric Corp. of America, and Sun Y. Kim (Sean), Senior
    Regional Manager, ACDR/HMI, Fuji Electric Corp of America

    Most pumps and fans operating in industrial and commercial applications are
    currently driven by AC induction motors. “ACIM”, which stands for “alternating
    current induction motor”, is an asynchronous type of motor that relies on electric
    current to turn the rotor. Torque is produced by electric current in the rotor. The
    electric current is generated through electromagnetic induction from the
    magnetic field of the stator windings. In an ACIM, the rotor always rotates at a
    lower speed than the magnetic field. A “PMSM”, which stands for “permanent
    magnet synchronous motor”, relies on magnets to turn the rotor, which spins at
    the same speed as the PMSM’s internal rotating magnetic field.

    There are a few key differences between AC induction Motors and Permanent
    Magnet Synchronous Motors.

    Permanent magnet motors MUST operate with a drive.

    AC induction motors can be used without a VFD to drive a pump or fan, but are
    often installed with variable frequency drives (VFD) in pump systems or fan
    systems in an effort to improve system efficiency. Permanent magnet
    synchronous motors require a drive to operate. PMSMs cannot run without a
    drive. A VFD is required to precisely control the speed of the PMSM to meet the
    application requirements for pressure, flow, volume, etc. Some new VFDs
    already come with permanent magnet motor control options as a standard
    feature, allowing operators to control the permanent magnet motor to drive the
    fan and/or pump more efficiently.

    Permanent magnet motors offer significant efficiency improvements


    over AC Induction Motors.

    A permanent magnet motor’s full load efficiency is higher than an AC induction


    motor. Figure 1 below shows the ranges of efficiencies between two standards of
    AC Induction Motors and known published Permanent Magnet Motors.
    Figure 1. PM motor efficiencies on VFD power. ACIM on Sine wave. ACIM
    motors lose .5 – 1.5 points of efficiency when run on VFD.
    It is important to note that VFDs do not improve motor efficiency; VFDs help to
    improve system efficiency over operating speed ranges because most systems
    do not operate at top speeds all the time. Adding the VFD helps your system
    efficiencies because it has the capability to slow down the motor and the fan or
    the pump as opposed to turning a valve to throttle the pump or closing a damper
    to block off air flow.

    Take a look at Figure 2, which compares a 10-horsepower 1800 RPM Permanent


    Magnet Synchronous Motor to a NEMA Premium Motor operating with a variable
    torque load over a 3 to 1 speed range. You can see that in both cases, the
    efficiencies of both types of motors drop. The NEMA Premium Motor efficiency
    drops from about 90% to about 72% at 600 RPM and the ECPM drops from
    about 94% to 83%. While system operation affects equipment efficiency,
    permanent magnet motors have been proven to show higher efficiencies over AC
    Induction Motors.

    Figure 2. Comparison of relative efficiencies between PMSM motor and ACIM


    with 3:1 turndown.
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Permanent Magnet Motors

    While AC induction motors are more commonly found in motor-driven systems,


    they are often larger in size and less efficient than permanent magnet motor
    solutions. While permanent magnet motor solutions tend to have a higher initial
    cost, they may offer a smaller size for more compact mechanical packages and,
    more importantly, higher efficiencies.

    Permanent magnet motors tend to be more expensive than AC induction motors


    and have been known to be more difficult to start up than AC induction motors.
    However, the advantages of permanent magnet motors include higher
    efficiencies (as discussed above), smaller sizes (permanent magnet motors can
    be as much as one third of most AC motor sizes, which makes installation and
    maintenance much easier), and PMSMs’ ability to maintain full torque at low
    speeds.

    The Trend is Shifting

    The use of PMSMs in combination with VFDs is not brand new; however, design
    engineers and equipment owners are starting to install more permanent magnet
    motor solutions for fan and pump applications because of their smaller size and
    higher efficiencies. Up to this point, VFDs needed to have a special formula to
    drive a permanent magnet motor; now, there are some new VFDs available to
    the market that have a built-in standard feature to control permanent magnet
    motors without extra cost.

    As more VFD manufacturers begin to add features for higher performance control
    of PMSMs, the trend will be for owners and operators to install motor systems
    that operate more efficiently, in smaller packages, and at lower costs.

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