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REAL NUMBERS (CLASS IX)

Basic Concept and Important Points

1. Natural Numbers: Numbers from 0 (zero) onward are known as Natural numbers, denoted by ‘N’.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4,......}
2. Whole Numbers: Numbers from 0 (zero) onward are known as Whole numbers, denoted by ‘W’.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ......}
3. Integers: The collection of all whole numbers and negative of natural numbers are called Integers, denoted
by ‘Z’ or ‘I’.
Z or I = {...... –3, –2, –1,0,1,2,3 ......}
4. Rational Number: A number which can be expressed as where q ≠ 0 and q, q εZ is know as rational

number, denoted by ‘Q’.

5. Irrational Number: A number which can’t be expressed in the form of p/q and its decimal representation is
non-terminating and non-repeating is known as irrational number.

6. Number Line:

7. Method to find two or more rational numbers between two numbers p and q:
If p < q, then one of the number be and other will be in continuation as

8. The sum of a rational number and an irrational number is always an irrational number.
9. The product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is always an irrational number.
is an irrational number.

10. The sum of two irrational numbers is not always an irrational number.

11. The product of two irrational numbers is not always an irrational number.

12. If a is a rational number and n is a positive integer such that the nth root of a is an irrational number, then
1/n
a is called a surd.

13. If a is a surd then ‘n’ is known as order of surd and ‘a’ is known as radicand.
14. Every surd is an irrational number but every irrational number is not a surd.
15. Laws of radicals:

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16. A surd which has unity only as rational factor is called a pure surd.
17. A surd which has a rational factor other than unity is called a mixed surd.
18. Order of a given surd can be changed by using following steps:
(a) Let the surd be a and m be the order of surd to which it has to be converted.
(b) Compute and let
(c) Write which is the required result.
19. Surds having same irrational factors are called similar or like surds.
20. Only similar surds can be added or subtracted by adding or subtracting their rational parts.
21. Surds of same order can be multiplied or divided.
22. If the surds to be multiplied or to be divided are not of the same order, we first convert them to the same
order and then multiply or divide.
23. If the product of two surds is a rational number, then each one of them is called the rationalising factor of
the other.
are rationalising factors of one another.
24. A surd consisting of one term only is called a monomial surd.
25. An expression consisting of the sum or difference of two monomial surds or the sum or difference of a
monomial surd and a rational number is called binomial surd.

26. the binomial surds which differ only in sign (+ or – ) between the terms connecting them, are called
conjugate surd

27. Rational exponents:

(a) If x, y be any rational numbers different from zero and m be any integer, then
m m m
x × y =(x × y) .
(b) If x be any rational number different from zero and m, n be any integers, then
m n m+n m n m×n
x × x = x and (X ) = x .
28. Reciprocals of positive integers as exponents:
q 1/q
If q be any positive integer other than 1, and x and y be rational numbers such thatx = y then y = x. We
1/q
write y as and read it as qth root of y. is called a radical and q is called the index of the
radical.
29. Positive rational numbers as exponents:
If be any positive rational number (where p and q are positive integers prime to each other) andlet x be
p/q
any rational number. We have already given a meaning to x . This can be done very easily.
p/q p
That is x is the qth root of x .
3/2 3 1/2 1/2
Thus, (4) = (4 ) = (64) = 8.
30. If is a negative rational number, then x (x ≠ 0) is equal to
p/q

a b a–b
31. If x be any rational number different from zero, and a and b be any rational numbers, thenx ÷ x = x .

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HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Question…..

1. Every whole number is a natural number write true or false.

2. If find the value of x2 + y2 + xy.

3. If find the value of x2 - y2.

4. Determine rational numbers p and q if

5. Simplify:

6. Simplify:

7. Show that:

8. If: then find the value of qx2 – 2px + q.

9. Show that:

10. If 2a = 3b = 6c then show that

11. If then find the value of

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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER FOR EXAM …

1. Find two rational numbers between 0.1 and 0.3

2. Express in the form of decimal.

3. Simplify :

4. Rationalize the denominator of

5. Express as a fraction in the simplest form.
6. If find the value of [x2-2(5)1/2] …
7. Simplify
8. Find the value of x in

9. If find the value of

10. What is the value of

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(MCQ).

1. From the choices given below mark the co-prime numbers
(a) 2, 3
(b) 2, 4
(c) 2, 6
(d) 2, 110

2. A rational number equivalent to is

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
3. An example of a whole number is
(a) 0

(b)

(c)
(d) –7

4. Given a rational number This rational number can also be known as

(a) a natural number
(b) a whole number
(c) a fraction
(d) a real number
5. The rational number can also be written as
(a) 0.3

(b)
(c) 0.33

(d)
6. If the decimal representation of a number is non-terminating, non-repeating then the number is
(a) a natural number
(b) a rational number
(c) a whole number
(d) an irrational number
7. The square root of which number is rational
(a) 7
(b) 1.96
(c) 0.04
(d) 13

8. A rational number between is

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(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
9. The number 1.101001000100001... is
(a) a natural number
(b) a whole number
(c) a rational number
(d) an irrational number
10. On adding we get
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) none of these
11. On dividing we get
(a)
(b) 6
(c) 9
(d) none of these
12. is
(a) an irrational number
(b) a positive rational number
(c) a negative rational number
(d) an integer
13. is
(a) a positive rational number
(b) equal to zero
(c) an irrational number
(d) a negative integer
14. is
(a) a positive rational number
(b) an irrational number
(c) a negative rational number
(d) equal to zero
15. The number is
(a) an irrational number
(b) a rational number
(c) not a natural number
(d) none of these
16. On simplifying we get
(a) 12
(b)
(c)
(d)

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17. On simplifying 83 × 24, we get

(a) 167
(b) 213
(c) 210
(d) 84

18. For rationalising the denominator of the expression we multiply and divide by

(a)
(b) 12
(c)
(d)

19. The value of when is

(a) .3162
(b) 31.62
(c) .03162
(d) 316.2
20. (16)3/4 is equal to
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 8
(d) 16

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