3.

0 DATA & RESULTS

Concentration of NaCL (M) Conductivity (mS/cm)

0.0005 0.056
0.001 0.11
0.005 0.56
0.01 1.11
0.05 5.56
Table of calibration curve

Concentration of NaCl vs Conductivity

0.06

0.05 y = 0.009x - 0.000003

Concentration of NaCl

R² = 1
0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Conductivity

Graph of calibration curve

The equation for the calibration curve are y = 0.009x-0.000003

Reactor type = PFR
Flow rate = 150 mL/min
Input type = Step change

Time Conductivity (mS/cm) Concentration (M)

(min) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
0 6.00 0.12 0.053997 0.001077
1 5.95 0.12 0.053547 0.001077
2 5.97 0.12 0.053727 0.001077
3 6.24 0.12 0.056157 0.001077
4 6.39 0.12 0.057507 0.001077
5 6.40 0.12 0.057597 0.001077
6 6.42 0.12 0.057777 0.001077
7 6.42 0.12 0.057777 0.001077
8 6.44 0.12 0.057957 0.001077
9 6.44 0.12 0.057957 0.001077
10 6.45 0.12 0.058047 0.001077
11 6.47 0.12 0.058227 0.001077
12 6.48 0.12 0.058317 0.001077
13 6.48 0.12 0.058317 0.001077
14 6.47 0.12 0.058227 0.001077
15 6.48 0.12 0.058317 0.001077
16 6.48 0.12 0.058317 0.001077
17 6.50 0.12 0.058497 0.001077
18 6.50 0.12 0.058497 0.001077
19 6.51 0.14 0.058587 0.001257
20 6.51 0.18 0.058587 0.001617
21 6.51 0.19 0.058587 0.001707
22 6.51 0.19 0.058587 0.001707
23 6.53 0.26 0.058767 0.002337
24 6.54 0.43 0.058857 0.003867
25 6.54 0.70 0.058857 0.006297
26 6.54 1.26 0.058857 0.011337
27 6.54 1.74 0.058857 0.015657
28 6.54 2.43 0.058857 0.021867
29 6.54 3.00 0.058857 0.026997
30 6.53 3.35 0.058767 0.030147
 Outlet Concentration (M) vs Time (min)
0.035

0.03

0.025
Outlet Concemtration (M)

0.02

0.015 y = 0.0006x - 0.0041

R² = 0.4497
0.01

0.005

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
-0.005

-0.01
Time (min)

Graph Outlet Concentration (Ct) vs Time (t) in PFR reactor

Residence Time Distribution (RTD), E(t)

𝐶(𝑡)
𝑑[ ]
𝐶0
E(t) = 𝑑𝑡

17.0299
E(t) =
30

= 0.56766
Reactor type = 3-stage CSTR
Flow rate = 150 mL/min
Input type = Step change

Time Conductivity (mS/cm) Concentration (M)

(min) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
0 6.20 1.19 0.055797 0.010707
1 6.30 1.19 0.056697 0.010707
2 6.49 1.24 0.058407 0.011157
3 6.52 1.27 0.058677 0.011427
4 6.55 1.33 0.058947 0.011967
5 6.54 1.40 0.058857 0.012597
6 6.55 1.50 0.058947 0.013497
7 6.57 1.62 0.059127 0.014577
8 6.56 1.74 0.059037 0.015657
9 6.57 1.90 0.059127 0.017097
10 6.58 2.08 0.059217 0.018717
11 6.58 2.25 0.059217 0.020247
12 6.59 2.44 0.059307 0.021957
13 6.59 2.65 0.059307 0.023847
14 6.59 2.83 0.059307 0.025467
15 6.59 3.04 0.059307 0.027357
16 6.59 3.22 0.059307 0.028977
17 6.59 3.43 0.059307 0.030867
18 6.59 3.61 0.059307 0.032487
19 6.59 3.79 0.059307 0.034107
20 6.59 3.98 0.059307 0.035817
21 6.59 4.15 0.059307 0.037347
22 6.59 4.31 0.059307 0.038787
23 6.59 4.47 0.059307 0.040227
24 6.59 4.62 0.059307 0.041577
25 6.59 4.77 0.059307 0.042927
26 6.59 4.88 0.059307 0.043917
27 6.59 5.02 0.059307 0.054177
28 6.59 5.14 0.059307 0.046257
29 6.59 5.26 0.059307 0.047337
30 6.59 5.34 0.059307 0.048057
 Outlet Concentration (M) vs Time (min)
0.06

y = 0.0015x + 0.0061
0.05 R² = 0.9731
Outlet Concemtration (M)

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (min)

Graph Outlet Concentration (Ct) vs Time (t) in 3-stage CSTR reactor

Residence Time Distribution (RTD), E(t)

𝐶(𝑡)
𝑑[ ]
𝐶0
E(t) = 𝑑𝑡

3.48837
E(t) =
30

= 0.11628
Reactor type = Single CSTR
Flow rate = 150 mL/min
Input type = Step change

Time Conductivity (mS/cm) Concentration (M)

(min) Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet
0 8.28 0.30 0.074517 0.002697
1 8.12 0.40 0.073077 0.003597
2 8.05 0.50 0.072447 0.004497
3 7.64 0.80 0.068757 0.007197
4 7.34 1.16 0.066057 0.010437
5 7.20 1.40 0.064797 0.012597
6 7.12 1.74 0.064077 0.015657
7 7.09 1.98 0.063807 0.017817
8 7.06 2.23 0.063537 0.020067
9 7.05 2.47 0.063447 0.022227
10 7.05 2.69 0.063447 0.024207
11 7.05 2.90 0.063447 0.026097
12 7.04 3.09 0.063357 0.027807
13 7.04 3.27 0.063357 0.029427
14 7.03 3.44 0.063267 0.030957
15 7.02 3.60 0.063177 0.032397
16 7.01 3.76 0.063087 0.033027
17 7.01 3.91 0.063087 0.035187
18 7.00 4.05 0.062997 0.036447
19 7.00 4.17 0.062997 0.037527
20 7.00 4.30 0.062997 0.038697
21 7.00 4.42 0.062997 0.039777
22 7.00 4.53 0.062997 0.040767
23 6.99 4.64 0.062907 0.041757
24 6.99 4.74 0.062907 0.042657
25 6.99 4.84 0.062907 0.043557
26 6.99 4.93 0.062907 0.044367
27 6.99 5.02 0.062907 0.045177
28 6.99 5.11 0.062907 0.045987
29 6.99 5.19 0.062907 0.046707
30 6.99 5.27 0.062907 0.047427
 Outlet Concentration(M) vs Time(min)
0.06

y = 0.0015x + 0.0063
0.05 R² = 0.9624
Outlet Concentration (M)

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (min)

Graph Outlet Concentration (Ct) vs Time (t) in Single CSTR reactor

Residence Time Distribution (RTD), E(t)

𝐶(𝑡)
𝑑[ ]
𝐶0
E(t) = 𝑑𝑡

15.0000
E(t) =
30

= 0.50000