MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering

658 Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila City

STUDY OF TRAVEL TIME

AND DELAY
BUENDIA TO MANILA CITY HALL

Submitted by:

Abalos, Miguel Gino

Intal, Janine
Mauban, Migo Levita
Mendoza, Ken
Santos, Raymond Razer
Zamora, Mary Jane

Submitted to:

Engr. Riches S. Bacero

In partial fulfillment of the

Requirements for the course
CE123 – C2
(Transportation Engineering)

June 19, 2015

4th Quarter / 2014 - 2015
Chapter

1. Background of the Study

- Introduction

- Significance of the Study

- Definition of terms

2. Description of Survey Area

- Location

- Time and Weather

3. Research Methodology

- Method of Data Collection

- Procedure of Data Gathering

- Application

4. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

Of Survey Results

5. Appendices
INTRODUCTION

Travel Time and delay study is considered as one of the most important

measures for evaluating a transportation system’s performance. A travel time

study determines the amount of time required to travel from one point to

another on a given route. While when information of locations, durations, and

causes of delay are collected and considered the study is now called travel

time and delay. Through this kind of study, knowledgeable persons in the

scope of this field are able to evaluate and monitor traffic congestion through

travel-time. In other words Travel time and delay study is mostly used as

basis of transportation engineers and highway planners for evaluation of

transportation facilities and plan improvements. They are able to identify

locations that have problems that require special attention in order to

improve the over-all flow of traffic in the route. In addition, since travel time

is a common element among all transportation modes, this study aids

commuters to compare which route to take that does not only save their time

but their fares as well.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will test the differences of travel time from Central Station to

Gil Puyat and vice versa using three specific modes of transport: Jeepney, UV

Express (FX) and Light Rail Transit I (LRT1).

The study will also determine the causes and duration of travel time and

delay for the said routes in Metro Manila.

Furthermore, the study will help a traveller determine which mode of

transportation is the most convenient and efficient to take going to Gil Puyat

from Central Station (vice versa).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Travel Time is the time taken by a vehicle to travel over a given section

of a route.

 Delay is the time lost during a trip due to causes beyond the control of

the driver which might include; stopped time due to signals, mid-block

obstructions, or other causes of congestion

 Running time is the time when a vehicle is in motion while travelling a

given route.

 Travel-time delay is the difference between the actual travel time

traversing a section of highway and the driver’s expected or desired

travel time.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SURVEY AREA

LOCATION

For the location of our survey area where we are to conduct the said

project for our group, all of us decided to take the route of Manila City hall up

to Taft Avenue (specifically up to Gil Puyat). We are to conduct three different

types of mode of transportations in a specific route and it is so hard to find

much better route to establish the survey or where there are atleast 2 or more

types of mode of transportations to be use by the public whenever or

wherever they will travel. The three mode of transportation we will be using

are the LRT (Light Rail Transit, UV Express, and last but not the least is the

Jeepney). This route is one of the main roads in the manila area and lots of

vehicles travelling from time to time. Usually the traffic congestions in this

area are a lot higher or larger from the other main roads because there are a

lot of landmarks that is within this location. Universities, Malls, Parks, and

many more are located in this part of Manila.

ENTIRE ROUTE: (MANILA CITY HALL – TAFT AVENUE (GIL PUYAT))

Manila City hall

Taft Avenue
TIME AND WEATHER:

For the time to conduct the actual data collections for this project, we

decided to do it in the afternoon. This is the best time to collect some data

needed for our project because if we make it in the evening, this is basically

the rush hour time for the publics who are using these modes of

transportations. Rush hour because students from schools and universities

are going home this time, also the employees from different companies and

building are going home too, and workers from the constructions are also

going home. Meaning this particular time, the number of commuters are

escalated quickly to higher means. Therefore, there will be a large volume of

commuters who will be using the public transportation vehicles.

The weather for this time is not that sunny but not that cloudy. It is

already a month of June, summer is over that is why we cannot tell whether if

it will be rainy or sunny for that time that we will be conducting the collection

of data for this project.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

I. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTING

For our Travel and Time Delay Research, we used observational study in collecting

that data that we need as references. Observational research or field research is a type of

correlational in which a researcher observes ongoing behavior. There are a variety of types

of observational research, each of which has both strengths and weaknesses. These types

are organized below by the extent to which an experimenter intrudes upon or controls the

environment.

Observational research is particularly prevalent in the social sciences and in

marketing. It is a social research technique that involves the direct observation of

phenomena in their natural setting. This differentiates it from experimental research in

which a quasi-artificial environment is created to control for spurious factors, and where at

least one of the variables is manipulated as part of the experiment. It is typically divided

into naturalistic observation, and participant observation. Cases studies and archival

research are special types of observational research. Naturalistic or nonparticipant

observation has no intervention by a researcher. It is simply studying behaviors that occur

naturally in natural contexts, unlike the artificial environment of a controlled laboratory

setting. Importantly, in naturalistic observation, there is no attempt to manipulate

variables. It permits measuring what behavior is really like. However, its typical limitations

consist in its incapability exploring the actual causes of behaviors, and the impossibility to

determine if a given observation is truly representative of what normally occurs.

II. PROCEDURE OF DATA GATHERING

As for our research, we conducted three (3) types of public transportation study in

which we used observational type of research in order to attain data that we need –

Distance, Travel time and Delay time which would be used to compute for the average

travel time and delay.

Since we have three (3) types of public transportation to observe and study, we, the

researchers, divided the task into three pairs. One pair was assigned to ride the LRT Station

from Central to Gil Puyat while observing the total time and total distance traveled but

considering and also recording the stoppage of the train for every station.

For the Jeepney route and UV Express route, since both have many factors to be

considered while collecting the data, same procedure would be used. Unlike in the LRT

station, there is no traffic and there is a constant stoppage for every station, the jeepney

and UV express route faces many factors such as traffic, traffic lights, stoppage for picking

up passengers. For these two modes of public transportation, the researchers used a stop

watch to record the travel time and uses “Lap” for every stoppage.
III. Application

In computing for our total travel and time delay, we used the gathered data from our

observational study and solved for the required travel and time delay using the following:

DELAY TIME
TRAVEL TIME

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
d1 d1
t1 t1
d2 d2
t2 t2
d3 d3
t3 t3
d4 d4
t4 t4
d5 d5
t5 t5

Total Travel Time:

∑ Travel time = t1 + t2 + t3 +t4 +t5

Total Delay Time:

∑ Delay time = d1 + d2 +d3 + d4 + d5

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

JEEPNEY (PUBLIC UTILITY JEEPNEY)

Jeepneys is one of the most attractive and unique means of public

transport here in the Philippines. They are known for their compact seating

due to drivers who tend to earn more profit for their daily living which is also

a symbol of our culture. These jeepneys we see and ride into everyday are

said to be left over from the U.S. military way back world war II which we

Filipinos tend to use them until the present time because of its affordability

and accessibility of use upon transporting passengers and goods. It is one the

best alternative when you wanted to go anywhere in any place in the country,

there is no need to wait for a long time to be able to ride one to be able get to

your destination and they are also the cheapest way to commute in the

Philippines because of its open rear door design, picking up and dropping off

is easy for both passengers and drivers, they can stop anywhere. This mode of

transport is also very adaptable in certain calamities such as flood and

typhoons; they are the only ones that operate under extreme conditions

because they have a light frame which can be carried out by their high output

engines which makes them easy to maneuver in floods

 Jeep Journey Graph along Taft Avenue (Buendia to Manila City Hall)
8

6
Time (in minutes)

3
TRIAL 1
2
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
1

0
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Manila City Hall

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
Jeep Journey Graph along Taft Avenue (Buendia to Manila City Hall)
8

6
Time (in minutes)

3
TRIAL 1
2
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
1

0
Manila City Hall U.N. Ave Pedro Gil Quirino Vito Cruz Buendia

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
 This graph shows the time travelled along Taft Avenue from Buendia to Manila city

hall by the aid of public jeepneys. The total time lapsed for trial 1 of the said route is 20

minutes and 42 seconds, for trial 2 the total time is 23 minutes and 5 seconds, and lastly

trial 3 had a result of 24 minutes and 45 seconds of travel time. The points of inconsistency

in the graph are along Quirino and Pedro Gil, this is because of the delay due to exclusive

stop lights along Vito Cruz and improper mentality of people crossing and blocking the

road in Pedro Gil. These inconsistencies depends on the time you are travelling along Taft

Avenue, expect the higher delay in travel time during peak hours.

LRT (LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT)

 The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly and informally

known as the LRT, is a metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area

in the Philippines. Although referred to as a light rail system because it

originally used light rail vehicles, it has characteristics that make it more akin

to a rapid transit (metro) system, such as high passenger throughput,

exclusive right-of-way and later use of full metro rolling stock. The system is

operated by the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA), a government-owned

and controlled corporation under the authority of the Department of

Transportation and Communications (DOTC). Along with the Manila Metro

Rail Transit System (MRT-3, also called the new Yellow Line), and Philippine

National Railways commuter line, the system makes up Metro Manila's rail

infrastructure.

LRT Travel Time (Including Stops per Station)

Taft Avenue from Gil Puyat Station to Central Station
 8

6 TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Time (in minutes)

0
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Central

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
LRT Travel Time Delay (Stop every Station)
Taft Avenue from Gil Puyat Station to Central Station
8

6 TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Time (in minutes)

0
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Central

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

LRT Travel
Distance Time (Including
Travelled Stops
/ Designated per Station)
Stops
Taft Avenue from Central Station to Gil Puyat
 8

6 TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Time (in minutes)

0
Central U.N. Ave Pedro Gil Quirino Vito Cruz Gil Puyat

0.84km 0.74km 0.80km 0.85km 1.05km 0.00km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
LRT Travel Time Delay (Stop every Station)
Taft Avenue from Gil Puyat Station to Central Station
8

6 TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
Time (in minutes)

0
Central U.N. Ave Pedro Gil Quirino Vito Cruz Gil Puyat

0.84km 0.74km 0.80km 0.85km 1.05km 0.00km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
 This graph shows the travelled time by the LRT with a total distance of

4.65km from Gil Puyat Station to Central Station vice versa. The total time

elapsed from Gil Puyat to Central station for trial 1 is 10 minutes and 50

seconds and for the second trial it resulted 10 minutes and 28 seconds. These

are the time lapsed including the stops in every station between Gil Puyat and

Central, as for the return trip from Central Station to Gil Puyat the time

recorded for trial 1 is 9 minutes and 12 seconds, for trial 2 it resulted 9

minutes and 10 seconds. This minimal travel time is ideal for commuters who

live far from work or school which also makes it a perfect mode of transport

for people who are in a hurry or even in peak hours.

The graph which shows the total time lapsed of the train to load and

unload passengers is also short which has an average around 30 seconds

which must be consistent for it to be able not to delay the incoming trains that

are just stations away from each other.

 FX/ UV Express

FX is the popular term for non-metered taxis in the Philippines. It is

named after the Toyota Tamaraw FX model of multi-purpose vehicles. It can

take as much as 10 passengers, excluding the driver. Unlike a metered taxi, the

FX follows a defined route. Passengers can alight wherever they want along

that route. The first Tamaraw FX model was introduced in the Asian market in

the late 1986. Its engine is powered by diesel and is fully air-conditioned.

FX/UV EXPRESS Journey Graph along Taft Avenue (Buendia to Manila City Hall)
8

6
Time (in minutes)

3
TRIAL 1
2
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
1

0
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Manila City Hall

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
 Just like the jeepneys these FX are passing to the same route along Taft

Avenue but with minimal stops or unloading of passengers because they do

not travel without filling the total number of passenger capacity of their

vehicles to be efficient in fuel and also maximize the profit they gain for a

single journey. The total distance they travel from Buendia to Manila City Hall

is 4.28km which also depends if they can observe building traffic along their

path, if traffic is presumed they will be taking alternative route to minimize

the travel time without compromising travel fare.

FX/UV EXPRESS Delay in Waiting Graph from Taft Avenue

(Buendia to Manila City Hall)
8

6
Time (in minutes)

3
TRIAL 1
2
TRIAL 2
TRIAL 3
1

0
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Manila City Hall

0.00 km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km

Distance Travelled / Designated Stops
APPENDIX

For Part 1.a Trial 1:

Vito Cruz to Gil Stoppage time

Puyat

Quirino to Vito Cruz Stoppage time

Pedro Gil to Quirino Stoppage time

United Nations to
Pedro Gil
Stoppage time
Central to United
Nations

Stoppage time
Photos taken in the Central
Station with the one and only
Gino Abalos \m/
Jeepney (Raymond Santos)

BUENDIA TO CITY HALL

RAYMOND RAZER R. SANTOS
TABULATED DATA

Buendia up to Manila City Hall (Jeepney Route)

Travel time per Designated Stops including individual stops for passengers coming in and

out

Designated Stops
Trials
Buendia Vito Cruz Quirino Pedro Gil U.N. Ave Manila City Hall
Distance 0.00km 1.05km 0.85km 0.80km 0.74km 0.84km
1 0mins 3.71mins 5.33mins 3.62mins 4.25mins 3.51mins
Time 2 0mins 4.43mins 5.82mins 4.76mins 4.45mins 4.04mins
3 0mins 4.02mins 4.34mins 6.85mins 4.19mins 5.05mins

Total Distance:

(1.05 + 0.85+0.80+0.74+0.84) km = 4.28 km

Total Time Travel:

Trial 1:

(3.71+5.33+3.62+4.25+3.51) mins = 20.42 mins

Trial 2:

(4.43+5.82+4.76+4.45+4.04) mins = 23.50 mins

Trial 3:

(4.02+4.34+6.85+4.19+5.05) mins = 24.45 mins

Data Gathered

I. Manila City Hall to Gil Puyat

Trip Route: Manila City Hall-UN Ave. - Pedro Gil - Quirino - Vito Cruz

- Buendia

a. Travel time

Trials ACTUAL TRAVEL TIME

1 0secs 02:26mins 02:49mins 02:16mins 03:30mins

Time
2 0secs 02:53mins 03:34mins 03:21mins 05:04mins
3 0secs 03:52mins 04:12mins 04:42mins 04:41mins

Total Time Travel:

Trial 1:

(02:26 + 02:49 + 02:16 + 03:30) mins = 11:01mins

T1 = 11minutes and 1 second

Trial 2:

(02:53 + 03:34 + 03:21 + 05:04) mins = 14:52mins

T2 = 14minutes and 52seconds

Trial 3:
 (03:52 + 04:12 + 04:42 + 04:41) mins = 17:27mins

T3 = 17minutes and 27seconds

AVEARAGE TRAVEL TIME: 14minutes and 27seconds

b. Time Delay (Loading/Unloading of passengers, Stop Lights, Construction,

and Irresponsible Drivers)

Trial 1: 10mins and 14secs

Trial 2: 6mins and 27secs

Trial 3: 9mins and 39secs

AVERAGE DELAY TIME: 9minutes and 26 seconds

II. Gil Puyat to Manila City Hall

Trip Route: Gil Puyat - Vito Cruz - Quirino - Pedro Gil - UN Ave. -

Manila City Hall

a. Travel time
`

Trials ACTUAL TRAVEL TIME

1 0secs 02:40mins 04:24mins 04:41mins 02:52mins

Time
2 0secs 02:42mins 03:24mins 02:20mins 03:01mins
3 0secs 03:03mins 03:52mins 03:29mins 02:14mins
Total Time Travel:

Trial 1:

(02:40 + 04:24 + 04:41 + 02:52) mins = 14:30secs

T1 = 14minutes and 30seconds

Trial 2:

(02:42 + 03:24 + 02:20 + 03:01) mins = 11:27secs

T2 = 11minutes and 27 seconds

Trial 3:

(03:03 + 03:52 + 03:29 + 02:14) mins = 12:38secs

T3 = 12minutes and 38seconds

AVERAGE TRAVEL TIME: 12 minutes and 52 seconds

b.) Time Delay (Loading/Unloading of passengers and Stop Ligths)

Trial 1: 5minutes and 45 seconds

Trial 2: 4minutes and 28 seconds

Trial 3: 6minutes and 14seconds

AVERAGE DELAY TIME: 5 minutes and 29 seconds

I. Manila City Hall (Central Station) up to Taft Avenue (Gil

Puyat)

a. Travel time (including the stoppage time in every station)

Trial Stations
s Central United Pedro Gil Quirino Ave Vito Cruz Gil Puyat
Nations
Dist. 0km 1.214km 0.754km 0.794km 0.827km 1.061km
01:55min 01:55min 02:00min
1 0secs 02:46mins 02:14mins
s s s
Time 01:56min 02:00min 01:58min
2 0sescs 02:44mins 01:50mins
s s s

Total Distance:

(1.214 + 0.754 +0.794 + 0.827 + 1.061) km = 4.65km

Total Time Travel:

Trial 1:

(02:46 + 01:55 + 02:14 + 01:55 + 02:00) mins = 10:50mins

T1 = 10minutes and 50seconds

Trial 2:

(02:44 + 01:56 + 01:50 + 02:00 + 01:58) mins = 10:28mins

T2 = 10minutes and 28seconds

 b. Time Delay (stoppage time in every station)

Trial Stations
s Central United Pedro Gil Quirino Ave Vito Cruz Gil Puyat
Nations
Time 1 0secs 31secs 21secs 33secs 23secs 26secs
Delay 2 0sescs 22secs 30secs 22secs 26secs 22secs

Total Time Delay:

Trial 1:

(0 + 31 + 21 + 33 + 23 + 26) secs = 02:14mins

T1’ = 2minutes and 14seconds

Trial 2:

(0 + 22 +30 + 22 + 26 +22) secs = 02:02mins

T2’ = 2minutes and 2seconds

II. Taft Avenue (Gil Puyat) up to Manila City Hall (Central

Station)

a. Travel time (including the stoppage time in every station)

Trial Stations
s Gil Puyat Vito Cruz Quirino Ave Pedro Gil United Central
Nations
Dist. 0km 1.061km 0.827km 0.794km 0.754km 1.214km
01:32min 01:33min 02:12min
1 0secs 02:00mins 01:55mins
Tim s s s
e 2 0sescs
01:28min
01:56mins
01:34min
01:52mins
02:20min
s s s

Total Distance:

(1.061 + 0.827 + 0.794 + 0.754 + 1.214) km = 4.65km

Total Time Travel:

Trial 1:

(01:32 + 02:00 + 01:33 + 01:55 + 02:12) mins = 9:12mins

T1 = 9minutes and 12seconds

Trial 2:

(01:28 + 01:56 + 01:34 + 01:52 + 02:20) mins = 9:10mins

T2 = 9minutes and 10seconds

 b. Time Delay (stoppage time in every station)

Trial Stations
s Gil Puyat Vito Cruz Quirino Ave Pedro Gil United Central
Nations
Time 1 0secs 28secs 24secs 31secs 19secs 23secs
Delay 2 0sescs 25secs 28secs 30secs 23secs 27secs

Total Time Delay:

Trial 1:

(0 + 28 + 24 + 31 + 19 + 23) secs = 02:05mins

T1’ = 2minutes and 05seconds

Trial 2:

(0 + 25 + 28 + 30 +23 + 27) secs = 02:10mins

T2’ = 2minutes and 10seconds