ACE Example
Assertion: An arguable claim about the past
White Southerners crafted laws to reverse the rising political power of African Americans.
Citation: Quoted and paraphrased text to support the assertion
In a speech to other legislators, South Carolina Senator Ben Tillman detailed this process. He
explained that legislators “calmly, deliberately, and avowedly” developed an educational
requirement for voting. Referring to the African American voter, Tillman said, “he is not
meddling with politics, for he found that the more he meddled with them the worse off he got.”
Explanation: Analyze how the words prove the assertion
While other writers more explicitly refer to the violence that African Americans experienced for
expressing their political voices, Tillman suggests a relationship between that violence and the
new laws in the South. His remark that African Americans were “worse off” as they “meddled”
with politics shows that he thought they did not belong in politics and that they suffered because
of their participation. Tillman’s openness about disenfranchisement also reflects the idea that
whites felt no need to hide their racist strategies. Instead, they publicly announced their role in
prolonging discrimination. This attitude appeared in the literature of pro-lynching advocates,
who treated violence as a spectacle.
Assertion: An arguable claim about the past
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Citation: Quoted and paraphrased text to support the assertion
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Explanation: Analyze how the words prove the assertion
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