CALCULUS: THE EXERCISES

MATH 150: CALCULUS WITH ANALYTIC

GEOMETRY I
VERSION 1.1
KEN KUNIYUKI and LALEH HOWARD
SAN DIEGO MESA COLLEGE
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CONTACT INFORMATION

Ken Kuniyuki:

Website: http://www.kkuniyuk.com (course notes and sample exams are available)

Email address: [email protected]

Feel free to send emails with suggestions, improvements, tricks, etc.! I welcome
them!

LICENSING

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specifications of the Creative Commons License.

PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY / SOURCES

Calculus: Anton, Edwards/Penney, Larson, Stewart, Swokowski, Thomas

People: Ken Kuniyuki, Laleh Howard, Tom Teegarden, and many more.

“END OF CHAPTER” MARK

Page E.1.3 is the last page of the Exercises for Chapter 1. Therefore, in the upper right
hand corner, there is an additional period: “E.1.3.”

This is to help people figure out if they have all the pages for a particular chapter.
 (Exercises for Chapter 1: Review) E.1.1

CHAPTER 1: REVIEW
FUNCTIONS

() ( )
1) Assuming f x = x 2 , evaluate f
4 , and evaluate (and expand) f a + h . ( )
()
2) If f t = 4t 5
13t + 4 , is f a polynomial function? Rational? Algebraic?
w
1
3) If g ( w) = , is g a polynomial function? Rational? Algebraic?
w + 2w
3
3

4) If h ( x ) = x
x , is h a polynomial function? Rational? Algebraic?

3 2/5

5) If f ( x ) = sin x , is f a polynomial function? Rational? Algebraic?

DOMAIN AND RANGE

6) For each function rule below, write the domain of the corresponding function in
interval form.

()
a) f x = 7x 9 + 4x 6
12
b) g ( t ) = t 2/3
+4
w
4
( )
3
c) h w =
2w
3w
2 2

t+2
d) f t = ()
t
5
t
5
e) g t = ()
t+2
()
f) h x = 7
x

g) f (r ) = r 2
2r
3
You may want to review Section 2.7 on Nonlinear Inequalities in the
Precalculus notes.

() ()
7) Consider f x = x
2 . Graph y = f x . What is the domain of f in interval
form? What is the range of f in interval form?
 (Exercises for Chapter 1: Review) E.1.2

SYMMETRY

() ()
8) If f x = x 4
3x 2 + 4cos x , then the graph of y = f x in the usual xy-plane is
symmetric about what? Why? (What kind of function is f ?)

() ()
9) If f x = 2x 7
x
4sin x , then the graph of y = f x in the usual xy-plane is
symmetric about what? Why? (What kind of function is f ?)

()
10) If g t = t 2/3 + 4 , then is the function g even, odd, or neither?

()
11) If h r = r tan r , then is the function h even, odd, or neither?

()
12) If f x = x 3
2x + 1, then is the function f even, odd, or neither?

COMPOSITIONS OF FUNCTIONS

( )( ) ( ( )) ( )
8
13) Find rules for functions f and g so that f
g x = f g x = x 4 + x .
(Do not let f or g be the identity function.)

( )( )
14) Find rules for functions f and g so that f
g t = f g t = ( ( )) 4
1
t
.
(Do not let f or g be the identity function.)

( )( ) ( ( ))
15) Find rules for functions f and g so that f
g r = f g r = sin r 2 . ( )
(Do not let f or g be the identity function.)
 (Exercises for Chapter 1: Review) E.1.3.

TRIG

16) Evaluate the following; write “undefined” when appropriate.

a) cot

b) sec

 3

c) csc  
 4
 7

d) sec  
 6 
 5

e) sin  
 3
 5

f) tan  
 3

17) Verify the following trig IDs.

a)
( ) = 2sin x sec x
sin 2x
cos 2 x
1
b) = cot 2 x
sec x
1
2

18) Solve the following trig equations; find all real solutions, and write the solution
set in set-builder form.

a) 2sin 2 x + 3sin x =
1
( )
b) 2cos 3x
1 = 0

KNOW THE FOLLOWING

• Domains, ranges, and graphs of the six basic trig functions.

• Fundamental and Advanced Trig IDs in Ch.1, except



you do not have to memorize the Half-Angle IDs for tan   ,
 2
the Product-To-Sum IDs, nor the Sum-To-Product IDs.
 (Exercises for Section 2.1: An Introduction to Limits) E.2.1

CHAPTER 2: LIMITS AND CONTINUITY

SECTION 2.1: AN INTRODUCTION TO LIMITS
If an indicated limit does not exist (DNE), write “DNE.” Assume that a is a real constant.

INTRO EXERCISES

(
1) Evaluate lim 3x 4
x 3 + 1 .
x
2
)
2r + 5
2) Evaluate lim .
r 3 r 2
2

3) Evaluate lim 10 .
1
x

3

4) Evaluate lim
2 .
t11

ONE- AND TWO-SIDED LIMITS; EXISTENCE OF LIMITS;

“IGNORE a” THEOREMS

5) We have discussed how the numerical / tabular method can help us guess at limits.
We will see here how this method can be misleading at times!
()
Let f x = x
0.0001.

() ( ) ( )
a) Evaluate f 1 , f 0.1 , and f 0.01 .
b) Evaluate lim f ( x ) . Is the result obvious from the function values in a)?
x
0

2r + 5 2r + 5
6) Evaluate: a) lim+ , and b) lim
2 . Compare to Exercise 2.
r 3 r
2
2
r 3 r
2
 (Exercises for Section 2.1: An Introduction to Limits) E.2.2

()
7) Yes or No: If the one-sided limit lim+ f x exists, then must the two-sided limit
x
a

()
lim f x exist?
x
a

• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.

• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample. A counterexample is a

situation where the hypothesis (assumption) holds true, but the conclusion does not
()
hold true. Here, the hypothesis is “the one-sided limit lim+ f x exists,” and the
x
a

()
conclusion is “the two-sided limit lim f x must exist.”
x
a

• An if-then statement is true if and only if no such counterexamples exist.

()
8) Yes or No: If the two-sided limit lim f x exists, then must the one-sided limit
x
a

()
lim f x exist?
x
a +

()
9) Yes or No: If f a exists, then must lim f x equal f a ?
x
a
() ()
• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.
• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample.

()
10) Yes or No: If f a does not exist, then must lim f x not exist?
x
a
()
• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.
• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample.

 x + 2, if x <
1

()
11) Let the function g be defined piecewise as follows: g x =  x 2
1, if
1  x < 2

 x + 1, if x  2
()
a) Draw the graph of y = g x . Remember transformations from Precalculus!
b) Evaluate: ( ) xlim
1+ g ( x ) , and xlim
lim g x , g ( x) .
x 
1

1
c) Evaluate: lim
g ( x ) , lim+ g ( x ) , lim g ( x ) , and lim g ( x ) .
x2 x
2 x
2 x
3
 (Exercises for Section 2.1: An Introduction to Limits) E.2.3

x
3
()
12) Let f x =
x
3
.

()
a) Draw the graph of y = f x . Remember transformations from Precalculus!
() ()
b) Evaluate: lim
f x , lim+ f x , and lim f x .
x3 x
3 x
3
()
13) (Charles’s Law for Ideal Gases). Assuming that we have an ideal gas occupying
volume V0 (measured in liters, let’s say) when the temperature of the gas is 0

Celsius, and assuming that the gas is under constant pressure, the volume of the
gas when its temperature is T degrees Celsius is given by:

T 
( )
V , or V T = V0  1 +
 
273.15 
. Absolute zero is
273.15
Celsius.

a) Evaluate lim
T 
273.15 +
( )
V T , and interpret the result.

b) Discuss lim V (T ) .
T 
273.15

 (Exercises for Section 2.2: Properties of Limits and Algebraic Functions) E.2.4

SECTION 2.2:
PROPERTIES OF LIMITS and ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
 2 
2x x
3x
1) Evaluate lim  + x .
x3 
( )
2
 x +1

2) Evaluate: a) lim+
x , b) lim

x , and c) lim
x.

x0 x0 x0

3) Evaluate: a) lim+ x 2/3 , b) lim
x 2/3 , and c) lim x 2/3 .

x
0 x0 x
0

4) Evaluate:

a) lim+ x
4 d) lim
4
x
x4 x4

b) lim
x
4 e) lim x
4

x4 x9

c) lim x
4 f) lim x
4

x4 x3

g) lim 3
x+2
x
2

5) Evaluate; you may want to review Section 2.7 on Nonlinear Inequalities in the
Precalculus notes, particularly in the context of domains:

a) lim + t 2 + 3t
4 d) lim+ t 2 + 3t
4
t
4 t1

b) lim
t 2 + 3t
4 e) lim
t 2 + 3t
4
t
4 t1

c) lim t 2 + 3t
4 f) lim t 2 + 3t
4
t
4 t1

g) lim+ t 2 + 3t
4
t2

() ()
6) Yes or No: If lim f x = 10 , then must lim 5 f x
4  = 46 ?
x
2 x2
• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.
• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample.

7) Yes or No: If lim+

x
a
()
f x = 0 , then must lim

x a
()
f x not exist?
• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.
• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample.
 (Exercises for Section 2.3: Limits and Infinity I) E.2.5

SECTION 2.3: LIMITS AND INFINITY I

From this point on:
When asked to give a limit, give a real number or
or
 when appropriate.
If a limit does not exist, and
and
 are inappropriate, write “DNE.”

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTES (HAs) and “LONG-RUN” LIMITS

()
1) Let f x =
1
x
+ 2.

1
a) Draw the graph of y = + 2.
x
1 
b) Evaluate lim  + 2 .
x
 x 

c) What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote (HA) for the graph in a)?

()
2) For the following, assume that the graph of a function f is given by y = f x .
(See Parts C, G, and H.)

a) What are the possible numbers of horizontal asymptotes (HAs) that the
graph of a nonconstant polynomial function can have?

b) What are the possible numbers of HAs that the graph of a rational function
can have?

c) What are the possible numbers of HAs that the graph of a function can
have?
 (Exercises for Section 2.3: Limits and Infinity I) E.2.6

LIMIT FORMS

3) For each of the Limit Forms below, find the limit that it yields.
If 0+ is appropriate, then write 0+ . If 0
is appropriate, then write 0
.

3
a) f) 4 



2
b) g) 
4



4
c) h) 




d) i) 0


2


e)
0+

 x
() x

()
4) Yes or No: If  lim f x = 0, and lim g x =
 , then must it be true that

f x ()
= 0?
()
lim
x
g x

()
5) Yes or No: If lim g x does not exist (DNE) for a function g, then must it be true
x

that lim
( ) for a function h does not exist (DNE), either?
g x
()
x
h x

• If your answer is “Yes,” then explain why.

• If your answer is “No,” then give a counterexample.
 (Exercises for Section 2.3: Limits and Infinity I) E.2.7
“LONG-RUN” LIMITS
6) Evaluate the following “long-run” limits.
4
a) lim tan x d) lim
x
 x
x 2/3
4 3
b) lim e) lim 3/ 2
x
x 5 x
 x

3 1
c) lim 6 f) lim
2
x
 x x  x

7) Evaluate the following “long-run” limits for polynomial functions.

a) lim

x

( )
b) lim x 5 + 3x 4
2 . Show work.
x
i. Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.
ii. Also give a more rigorous solution using the Factoring Principle of
Dominance.
( )
c) lim 2x
6x 2 + x . Show work.
x

3

i. Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.

ii. Also give a more rigorous solution using the Factoring Principle of
Dominance.
(
d) lim 5w
4w4 .
w
)
Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.

8) Evaluate the following “long-run” limits for rational functions.

3r 3 + r
4
a) Assuming g r =() 2r 5
7r 2
()
, evaluate lim g r .
r 

i. Use a “super short cut” to figure out the answer quickly.
Explain your answer.
ii. Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.
Show work.
iii. Also give a more rigorous solution, based on one of the methods
4x 3 + x
1
seen in Example 13 on f x = () 5x 3
2x
. Show work.

()
iv. Since g is a rational function, what must lim g r then be?
r 

v. What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote (HA) for the graph
()
of s = g r in the rs-plane?
 (Exercises for Section 2.3: Limits and Infinity I) E.2.8

7x 4
5x
b) lim .
x
 3x 4 + 2
i. Use a “super short cut” to figure out the answer quickly.
Explain your answer.
ii. Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.
Show work.
iii. Also give a more rigorous solution, based on one of the methods
4x 3 + x
1
seen in Example 13 on f x =() 5x 3
2x
. Show work.
iv. What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote (HA) for the
7x 4
5x
graph of y = in the xy-plane?
3x 4 + 2

2x 5 + 11x 8

c) lim .
x 6x 5 + x
i. Give a “short cut” solution using Dominant Term Substitution.
Show work.
2x 5 + 11x 8

ii. Does the graph of y = in the xy-plane have a
6x 5 + x
horizontal asymptote (HA)?
2x 5 + 11x 8

iii. What is lim ?
x
 6x 5 + x

(t + 1)
2
3

d) lim .
t
4t 6

3x 4 + 2x 3 + x 2
3x + 2
()
9) Let f x =
x3 + 1
.

()
a) Use Long Division to rewrite f x in the form:
(polynomial) + (proper rational expression). Show work.
()
b) Evaluate lim f x .
x

c) Evaluate lim f ( x ) .
x

d) What is the equation of the slant asymptote (SA) for the graph of y = f x ()
in the xy-plane?
 (Exercises for Section 2.3: Limits and Infinity I) E.2.9

10) Evaluate the following “long-run” limits for algebraic functions.

a) lim
x

(3x 5/3
)

4x + 2
x
4 .

b) lim
x

(3x 5/ 4
)

4x + 2
x
4 .

4x 6 + x 2 + 2x 2
c) lim . Use Dominant Term Substitution.
x
5x 3
3 x

4x 6 + x 2 + 2x 2
d) lim . Use Dominant Term Substitution.
x

5x
x3 3

e) Judging from your results in c) and d), what are the horizontal asymptotes
4x 6 + x 2 + 2x 2
(HAs) for the graph of y = in the xy-plane?
5x
x
3 3

3
5z12 + 7z 7
f) lim . Use Dominant Term Substitution.
z
z5 + 2

ADDITIONAL PROBLEM: A WORD PROBLEM

11) (Bacterial populations). At midnight, a large petri dish contains 2500 bacteria of
the species E. calculi. Starting at midnight, a stream is poured into the petri dish
that adds 100 E. calculi bacteria and 150 E. coli bacteria (and no other bacteria)
to the dish every second.

()
a) Find an expression for p t , the proportion of the bacteria in the petri
dish that are E. calculi t seconds after midnight, where t
0 .

()
b) Find lim p t , and interpret the result. Discuss the realism of this
t

problem.
 (Exercises for Section 2.4: Limits and Infinity II) E.2.10

SECTION 2.4: LIMITS AND INFINITY II

“EXPLODING GRAPHS”:
VERTICAL ASYMPTOTES (VAs) and INFINITE LIMITS AT A POINT

1) Let f x =() 1
x
3
.

1
a) Draw the graph of y = .
x
3
1
b) Evaluate lim+ .
x3 x
3
1
c) Evaluate lim
.
x3 x
3
d) What is the equation of the vertical asymptote (VA) for the graph in a)?

()
2) For the following, assume that the graph of a function f is given by y = f x .

a) What are the possible numbers of vertical asymptotes (VAs) that the
graph of a polynomial function can have?
b) What are the possible numbers of VAs that the graph of a rational function
can have?
c) What are the possible numbers of VAs that the graph of a function can
have?

LIMIT FORMS

3) For each of the Limit Forms below, find the limit that it yields.
5
a)
0+

3
b) +
0

c)

0

2
d)
0

 (Exercises for Section 2.4: Limits and Infinity II) E.2.11

RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

3x
2
()
4) Consider f x =
x 3
3x 2 + 4
.

a) Factor the denominator. You may want to review Section 2.3 on the
Rational Zero Test (Rational Roots Theorem) and Synthetic Division in the
Precalculus notes. Show work.

b) Evaluate the following limits at a point. Show work.

x
1
()
i. lim + f x iv. lim+ f x
x
2
()
ii. lim
f ( x ) v. lim
f ( x )
x
1 x2

iii. lim f ( x ) vi. lim f ( x )

x
1 x
2
vii. lim f ( x )
x
0

c) Evaluate the following “long-run” limits. You may use “super short cuts.”

i. lim f x
x

() ii. lim f x
x

()
d) What is the equation of the horizontal asymptote (HA) for the
()
graph of y = f x in the xy-plane?

e) What are the equations of the vertical asymptotes (VAs)?

f) What is the x-intercept of the graph?

g) What is the y-intercept of the graph?

h) Based on your results in a) through g), sketch a guess as to what the graph
()
of y = f x should look like.

()
5) Give the rule f x for a rational function f whose graph in the xy-plane has a
horizontal asymptote (HA) at y = 4 and vertical asymptotes (VAs) at x =
2 and
x = 3.
 (Exercises for Section 2.4: Limits and Infinity II) E.2.12

t
6t 2
()
6) Consider g t = 2
2t
8t + 6
.

a) Find the equations of the vertical asymptotes (VAs) of the graph of

()
w = g t in the tw-plane. Justify your answer using limits. Show work.

b) Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote (HA) of the graph of

()
w = g t . Justify your answer using limits. Show work by using a rigorous
method from Section 2.3.

z 4
3z + 2
()
7) Consider h z =
z2 + 1
. How many vertical asymptotes (VAs) and

()
horizontal asymptotes (HAs) does the graph of p = h z have in the zp-plane?

OTHER EXAMPLES

8) Evaluate the following limits at a point.

a) lim
tan  c) lim+ csc x
 x
0
 
 2

b) lim + tan  d) lim
csc x


 x 
  
 2

9) (Einstein’s Theory of Relativity). A particular object at rest has mass m0

(measured in kilograms, let’s say). The speed of light in a vacuum, denoted by c in
physics, is about 186,282 miles per second, or exactly 299,792,458 meters per
second; the meter is now defined as a consequence of this. If the object is traveling

()
m0
with speed v, then the mass of the object is given by: m, or m v = .
2
v
1
2
c
()
a) Evaluate lim
m v , and interpret the result.
vc

b) Discuss lim+ m ( v ) .
v
c

See Michael Fowler’s web page on relativistic mass increase:

http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/lectures/mass_increase.html
 (Exercises for Section 2.5: The Indeterminate Forms 0/0 and
/
) E.2.13

0

SECTION 2.5 : THE INDETERMINATE FORMS AND
0

() () ()
1) Give function rules f x and g x such that lim f x =
, and lim g x =
,
x
x

()
but lim
( ) = 0.
f x
()
x
g x

2) Evaluate the following limits of the form 0/0 at a point. Show work.

x2
9 11 + t
4
a) lim d) lim
x3 x
3 t5 t
5
1 1
+
3r 2
17r
6  2
b) lim e) lim
r 6 36
r 2 
2  + 2

x
5 2x 3
x 2 + 8x
4
c) lim f) lim
x25 x
25 1 2x
1
x
2
There are various ways to solve this.

x 2
2x
3
()
3) Sketch a guess as to what the graph of f x = 2
x
3x
4
should look like.
a) Find the domain of f.
b) Find the x-intercept(s), if any.
c) Find the y-intercept, if any.
d) Identify whether f is even, odd, or neither.
e) Write the equations of any asymptotes for the graph. Justify using limits.
f) Find any holes “on” the graph. Justify using limits.
g) Sketch your graph. Incorporate all of the above in your sketch.
 (Exercises for Section 2.6: The Squeeze (Sandwich) Theorem) E.2.14

SECTION 2.6: THE SQUEEZE (SANDWICH) THEOREM

 1
1) Find lim x 2 sin  2  , and prove it.
x
0 x 

 t+3 
t0
( )
2) Find lim t 4 + sin 2 t cos   , and prove it.
 3 t2
t 

()
3) Assume that there exist real constants c and d such that c
f x
d for all real
()
values of x (except possibly at 0). Find lim x 8 f x , and prove it.
x
0

 1
4) Find lim x cos   , and prove it. (
ADDITIONAL PROBLEM)
x
0  x

cos x
5) Find lim , and prove it.
x
x5

6) Find lim
( ) , and prove it.
5sin 3
 
 4 3
5x + sin x
7) Evaluate lim .
x
x
8) Refer back to Exercise 1. Is it true that
 1   1 
lim x 2 sin  2 =  lim x 2   lim sin  2  ?
x
0  x
 x
0   x
0  x

Why doesn’t this contradict the list of properties at the beginning of Section 2.2?
 (Exercises for Section 2.7: Precise Definitions of Limits) E.2.15

SECTION 2.7: PRECISE DEFINITIONS OF LIMITS

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS (#1-7)

() (
1) Use the  -
definition of lim f x = L to prove that lim 3x
7 =
1 .
x
a x2
)
2) In Exercise 1, given that
= 0.6 , find the largest value of
such that,
()
if 0 < x
a <  , then f x
L <  . Answer the same question for

= 0.06 and
= 0.006 .

 1 
x
a
()
3) Use the  -
definition of lim f x = L to prove that lim  5 + x  = 3 .
x
8  4 

x
4 x
a
()
4) Consider the statement lim 6 = 6 , which is of the form lim f x = L .
For any positive real value of
, what are the positive real values of
such that,
()
if 0 < x
a <  , then f x
L <  ?

()
5) The following statements are of the form lim f x = L . For the given value of
,
x
a

()
find the largest value of
such that, if 0 < x
a <  , then f x
L <  .
Graphs may help.

a) lim x = 3 , given
= 0.1 ; give an exact answer.

x
9

b) lim x 3 = 8 , given
= 0.01 ; round off your answer to five significant figures.
x
2

()
6) Give a precise “ M -
” definition of lim f x =
, where a is a real constant, and
x a
the function f is defined on an open interval containing a, possibly excluding a
itself.

()
7) Give a precise “ N -
” definition of lim f x =
 , where a is a real constant,
x a
and the function f is defined on an open interval containing a, possibly excluding
a itself.
 (Exercises for Section 2.7: Precise Definitions of Limits) E.2.16

KNOW THE FOLLOWING

()
• Precise  -
definition of lim f x = L .
x
a

• We will not have time to cover the precise definitions of:

x
a +
()
lim f x = L ()
lim f x = L
x

()
lim f x =

x a

x a

()
lim f x = L ()
lim f x = L
x

()
lim f x =

x a
 (Exercises for Section 2.8: Continuity) E.2.17

SECTION 2.8: CONTINUITY

CLASSIFYING DISCONTINUITIES

1) For each of the following, find all discontinuities, classify them by using limits,
give the continuity interval(s) for the corresponding function, and graph the
function.

()
a) g t = t 2
4t + 3

5x + 6
f ( x) =
2
x
b)
x
2
4r + 12
c) h ()
r = 2
r + 6r + 9
 x 2 + x, if x  2
d) f ()
x =
6
x, if x > 2
 x 2 + x, if x < 2
e) g ()
x =

>
(Variation on d))
 8 x, if x 2
 x 2 + x, if x < 2
f) h ()
x =


(Variation on d) and e))
8 x, if x 2
On f), discuss the continuity of h at 2, and justify your conclusion.

x2
4
()
g) f x =
x2
4

2) Your bank account is accruing continuously compounded interest. At noon today,

you withdraw $200 from the account. If the amount of money in your account is
plotted against time, what type of discontinuity appears at noon?

CONTINUITY

( )
3) Draw a graph where f is defined on
 a, b  , and f is continuous on a, b , but f is
not continuous on the closed interval
 a, b  .
 (Exercises for Section 2.8: Continuity) E.2.18.

4) Determine A such that the function f defined below is continuous on R:

 x 2
25
 , if x  5
()
f x =  x
5
 A, if x = 5


x
1 + 3 x +5
5) Assuming f x =() x 2
7x + 12
, then what are the continuity intervals of f ?

1 
()
6) Assuming h x = csc 
 x 
, then where is h continuous? Show work!

THE INTERMEDIATE VALUE THEOREM (IVT)

7) a) Use the IVT to prove that the following equation has a solution between 1 and 2:
3x 3
2x 2
2x
5 = 0 .
5
b) Use Synthetic Division (see Section 2.3 in the Precalculus notes) to show that
3
is such a solution.

8) The height of a projectile t seconds after it is fired is given by

()
s t =
16t 2 + 30t + 4 in feet, where 0
t
2 .

a) Use the IVT to prove that the projectile achieves a height of 15 feet
sometime within one second after being fired.
b) Find the value for t at which this happens. Show work!

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS (#9-10)

()
9) Verify the IVT for f x = x 2 + 5 on the x-interval
1, 3 .

10) Verify the IVT for f ( x) = x 2

+ 4x
1 on the x-interval 
1, 2  .

KNOW THE FOLLOWING

• The definitions of continuity of a function at a point, on an open interval, and on

a closed interval.