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    Notes - Decision Making

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    Syamil Dzulfida
    This document discusses the decision making process and tools that can aid it. It describes the process as having 5 steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) generating alternatives, 3) analyzing alternatives using techniques like PMI and ALU to evaluate consequences, 4) selecting the best alternative, and 5) planning implementation. It also provides examples of how techniques like PMI and ALU can be applied to analyze alternatives by considering advantages, limitations, and unique connections. The overall summary is that the document outlines the key steps in a standard decision making process and introduces some thinking tools that can help analyze alternatives within that process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Notes - Decision Making

    Uploaded by

    Syamil Dzulfida
    66 views11 pages
    This document discusses the decision making process and tools that can aid it. It describes the process as having 5 steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) generating alternatives, 3) analyzing alternatives using techniques like PMI and ALU to evaluate consequences, 4) selecting the best alternative, and 5) planning implementation. It also provides examples of how techniques like PMI and ALU can be applied to analyze alternatives by considering advantages, limitations, and unique connections. The overall summary is that the document outlines the key steps in a standard decision making process and introduces some thinking tools that can help analyze alternatives within that process.

    Original Description:

    Art of Decision Making

    Original Title

    Notes- Decision Making

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses the decision making process and tools that can aid it. It describes the process as having 5 steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) generating alternatives, 3) analyzing alternatives using techniques like PMI and ALU to evaluate consequences, 4) selecting the best alternative, and 5) planning implementation. It also provides examples of how techniques like PMI and ALU can be applied to analyze alternatives by considering advantages, limitations, and unique connections. The overall summary is that the document outlines the key steps in a standard decision making process and introduces some thinking tools that can help analyze alternatives within that process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views11 pages

    Notes - Decision Making

    Uploaded by

    Syamil Dzulfida
    This document discusses the decision making process and tools that can aid it. It describes the process as having 5 steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) generating alternatives, 3) analyzing alternatives using techniques like PMI and ALU to evaluate consequences, 4) selecting the best alternative, and 5) planning implementation. It also provides examples of how techniques like PMI and ALU can be applied to analyze alternatives by considering advantages, limitations, and unique connections. The overall summary is that the document outlines the key steps in a standard decision making process and introduces some thinking tools that can help analyze alternatives within that process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    KXEX2167

    Thinking and Communication Skills

    Decision
    Making
    Decision Making

     Definition:
     “The process for arriving at a decision.”
     Decision making  an everyday task!
     Focus on:
     What is the process/procedure that makes a
    good decision making?
     What are the tools/techniques to aid decision
    making process?

    2
    Decision Making Process
     1. What is the problem/decision to be made?
     Problem definition?
     Objectives to be fulfilled?
     Problem boundaries?
     Example: Decide whether extra work hour should
    be encouraged?

    3
    Cont.
     2. What are the possible options/
    alternatives?
     Look for new alternatives/options/ideas or
    courses of action.
     Available technique:
     PMI (Edward De Bono)
     It is a powerful thinking tool for the generation of
    alternatives, options or courses of actions.
     P = Plus or Good Points
     M = Minus or the Bad Points
     I = Interesting or the Interesting Points
    4
    Cont.
     PMI technique – begins with the ‘Plus’ followed
    by the ‘Minus’ and finally the ‘Interesting’ points
    (attention directing tool)
     The ‘interesting’ point consists of neither positive
    nor negative reasons/ideas etc. It explore
    possibilities that may be outside the usual realm
    of pro or con.
     Example:
     P : What if extra work hour is encouraged..?
     M : What if extra work hour is discouraged..?
     I : What if extra work hour is normal?
    5
    Cont.
     3. What options/alternatives are best?
     Using generated options/ alternatives, do:
     a) consequences of each option/ alternative
     Make predictions as to the consequences of each
    option or course of action, i.e. what if extra work hour
    was encouraged or discouraged?
     Support each prediction with credible evidence, i.e.
    what evidence do I have that extra work hour should
    be encouraged or discouraged?
     Support with statistic, survey, expert opinion etc

    6
    Cont.
     Available technique:
     The ALU (Scott and Donald)
     It is a technique for idea finding.
     A = Advantages
     L = Limitations
     U = Unique Connections

    7
    Cont.
     ALU technique:
     Advantages: From the list of possibilities ask what
    advantages does each alternative offer? What are its
    strongest points? What makes it attractive or
    appealing?
     Limitations: Next ask, what limitations are there? Are
    there obvious flaws or weaknesses to be overcome if
    we work with this alternative/ course of action? Are
    there possible trouble spots?
     Unique Connections: Finally, ask yourself. “Does this
    alternative/idea suggest any new or unusual
    connections I was not aware of before? Are there
    any “hidden potentials” here?
    8
    Cont.
     b) value of each consequence
     Rank each consequence according to priority based
    on a value system.

     4. Selection of best option


     Compare the various options/ alternatives based
    on their consequences.
     Decide which is the best option/ alternative.

    9
    Cont.
     5. How to implement the decision?
     Establish what is need to implement the decision
    (resources allocation).
     List action steps for implementation (including
    people involved)
     If possible, include contingency plans for known
    risks.

    10
    Summary

     Decision making process:


     1. What is the problem/decision to be made?
     2. What are the possible options/ alternatives?
     3. What options/alternatives are best?
     4. Selection of best option.
     5. How to implement the decision?

    11

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