Diketahui

Nilai Pengukuran Standar

Sudut
Derajat Menit Detik DD Deviasi
XAB 63 34 30 63.575 5
BAC 45 12 15 45.20416667 10
ABC 94 39 20 94.65555556 10
BCA 40 9 5 40.15138889 10

Az AX 345 17 35 345.2930556
XA 10000
YA 10000

Jawab

Hubungan antara parameter dan data ukuran

dAB0 = akar ((XB0-XA)^2+(YB0-YA)^2)
dB0C0 = akar ((XC0-XB0)^2+(YC0-YB0)^2)
dAC0 = akar ((XC0-XA)^2+(YC0-YA)^2)
Sdt XAB = 360 - (Az AX-Az AB)
Sdt BAC = Az AC - Az AB
Sdt ABC = Az BA - Az BC
Sdt BCA = Az BC - Az AC

Mencari nilai azimuth

αAB = θXAB - (360 - αAX) αAC = αAB + θBAC
αAB = 48.8680556 αAC = 94.072222222

αBA = αAB + 180

αBA = 228.868056

Menghitung koordinat pendekatan B dan C

 XB0 = XA + dAB sin αAB YB0 = YA + dAB cos αAB
XB0 = 12057.1698 YB0 = 11796.604351
XC0 = XA + dAC sin αAC YC0 = YA + dAC cos αAC
XC0 = 14211.3523 YC0 = 9700.1786537

Menghitung jarak pendekatan

dAB0 = 2731.2515
dB0C0 = 3005.91134
dAC0 = 4222.0115

Menghitung azimuth pendekatan

αAB0 = 48.8680556
αAC0 = 94.0722222
αB0A = 228.868056
αB0C0 = 134.221519

Menghitung sudut pendekatan

θXAB0 = 360 - (αAX - αAB0) θB0AC0 = αAC0 - αAB0
θXAB0 = 63.575 θB0AC0 = 45.204166667

θAB0C0 = αB0A - αB0C0 θB0C0A = αB0C0 - αAC0

θAB0C0 = 94.6465367 θB0C0A = 40.149296664

Linierisasi jarak
dAB0/dXB0 = 0.75319677 dB0C0/dXB0 = -0.71664872 dAC0/dXB0 =
dAB0/dYB0 = 0.65779528 dB0C0/dYB0 = 0.697434308 dAC0/dYB0 =
dAB0/dXC0 = 0 dB0C0/dXC0 = 0.716648719 dAC0/dXC0 =
dAB0/dYC0 = 0 dB0C0/dYC0 = -0.69743431 dAC0/dYC0 =

Linierisasi sudut
dXAB0/dXB0 = 0.65779528 dB0AC0/dXB0 = -0.65779528 dAB0C0/dXB0 =
dXAB0/dYB0 = -0.7531968 dB0AC0/dYB0 = 0.753196765 dAB0C0/dYB0 =
dXAB0/dXC0 = 0 dB0AC0/dXC0 = -0.07101386 dAB0C0/dXC0 =
dXAB0/dYC0 = 0 dB0AC0/dYC0 = -0.99747533 dAB0C0/dYC0 =

Hitungan pendekatan koordinat B dan C

2731.2515 2731.2515
3005.8115 3005.911344
4222.0115 4222.0115
Lu 63.575 Lo 63.575 k
45.2041667 45.20416667
94.6555556 94.64653667
 Lu Lo k

40.1513889 40.14929666

p= 206264.8
0.75319677 0.6577952821 0 0
-0.7166487 0.6974343077 0.716648719 -0.69743431
AT
0 0 0.9974753286 -0.07101386
Matriks A 135680.012 -155357.9801 0 0
-135680.01 155357.9801 -14647.6602513 -205744.049
-8176.1357 -303177.38479 143856.147987 147819.4047
143856.148 147819.4047 -129208.487736 57924.64447

11.8906064 0 0 0 0 0
0 9.765625 0 0 0 0
0 0 5.1652892562 0 0 0
Matriks P 0 0 0 0.04 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.01 0
0 0 0 0 0 0.01
0 0 0 0 0 0

8.95596629 7.8215848052 0 0
-6.9985226 6.8108819109 6.9985226467 -6.81088191
AT*P*A
0 0 5.1522485984 -0.36680714
P*A 5427.20049 -6214.3192038 0 0
-1356.8001 1553.579801 -146.476602513 -2057.44049
-81.761357 -3031.7738479 1438.56147987 1478.194047
1438.56148 1478.194047 -1292.08487736 579.2464447

0.01573148 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.00229278

0.0137389 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.00200237
(AT*P*A)-1
0.03220484 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022928 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.000334162

0
-0.9750408
AT*P*k
0
P*k 0
0
9.0189E-05
2.0922E-05

-0.0224129 ∆XB
-0.0195741 ∆YB
X
-0.0458828 ∆XC
0.00326658 ∆YB
 XB = 12057.1474
YB = 11796.5848
XC = 14211.3064
YC = 9700.18192

Menghitung Nilai Residual V, V=AX-k

-0.0297571 -0.02975707
-0.0327495 0.067094687
-0.0459989 -0.04599892
AX 4.3617E-05 V 4.36165E-05
-0.0038751 -0.00387513
0.00530194 -0.00371695
-0.0014268 -0.00351903

VT -0.0297571 0.0670946869 -0.0459989219 4.36165E-05 -0.003875135 -0.0037169508

Menghitung Matriks L Terkoreksi, Lterkoreksi = Lu+V

2731.22174
3005.87859
4221.9655
Ľ 63.5750436
45.2002915
94.6518386
40.1478699

Menghitung estimated varrianced factor

Vf = VT.P.V / (n-u)
VT.P -0.3538296 0.6552215521 -0.2375977369 1.74466E-06 -3.875135E-05 -3.7169508E-05
VT.P.V = 0.06542047
n-u = 3
Vf = 0.02180682

Menghitung nilai standar deviasi

So± 0.14767133

Menghitung nilai matriks kofaktor parameter

Qxx = (AT*P*A)-1
0.01573148 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.00229278
0.0137389 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.00200237
Qxx
0.03220484 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022928 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.000334162
Sxx = So*Qxx
0.00232309 0.0020288417 0.0047557311 -0.00033858
0.00202884 0.0017718644 0.0041533602 -0.00029569
Sxx
0.00475573 0.0041533602 0.0097357346 -0.00069312
-0.0003386 -0.0002956926 -0.000693122 4.93462E-05

Menghitung ketelitian parameter

0.01573148 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.00229278
0.0137389 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.00200237
Qxx
0.03220484 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022928 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.000334162

SXB = 0.01852171
SYB = 0.01617571
SXC = 0.03791687
SYC = 0.00269945

Matriks varian kovarian

QLL = A*Qxx*AT
0.02088629 0.0229866498 0.0322863488 0.000109441 -9.161942E-05 -8.13946219E-05
0.01824079 0.0200751128 0.0281968921 -6.5339E-05 -8.001471E-05 -0.000071085
Qxx*AT
0.04275753 0.0470573134 0.0660952692 -7.1479E-06 -7.832735E-05 0.000153759
-0.0030441 -0.0033501804 -0.0047055601 -0.000121 -0.000318451 0.0001510669

0.02773019 0.0305187848 0.0428657561 3.94509E-05 -0.000121641 -0.0001080655

0.03051878 0.0335878134 0.0471764184 -4.4733E-05 0.0001758192 1.3586173E-05
0.04286576 0.0471764184 0.0662625603 1.46288E-06 -5.551518E-05 0.000142643
QLL 3.9451E-05 -0.000044733 1.4628813E-06 25 1.569186E-07 -9.75902896E-08
-0.0001216 0.0001758192 -5.5515183E-05 1.68257E-07 66.666666125 -33.3333333143
-0.0001081 1.3586173E-05 0.000142643 6.17959E-08 -33.33333347 66.6666662782
0.00022971 -0.0001894054 -8.7127806E-05 -2.3005E-07 -33.33333265 -33.3333329639

Kekuatan Jaringan
SOF = Trace (AT*P*A)-1 / (n-u)
n-u 3
Trace (AT*P*A)-1 0.09399275

SOF 0.03133092

Error Elips
0.01573148 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.00229278
0.0137389 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.00200237
N
0.03220484 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022928 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.000334162
 Titik C Titik D
tan (2t) = 2Qxy/Qyy-Qxx tan (2t) = 2Qxy/Qyy-Qxx
= -7.3612143 = 0.1431125691
2t = -82.263888 derajat 2t = 8.1444439913 derajat
t = -41.131944 derajat t = 4.0722219956 derajat
t = 138.868056 derajat

Menghitung sumbu panjang dan sumbu pendek untuk titik C dan D

Sumbu pendek (Qvv) = Qxx.Cos2t - 2.Qxy.Cost.Sint + Qyy.Sin2t
Sumbu panjang (Quu) = Qxx.Sin2t + 2.Qxy.Cost.Sint + Qyy.Cos2t

Titik C Titik D
Sumbu pendek (Qvv)= 0.0277301863 Sumbu pendek (Qvv)= 0.0662625605
Sumbu panjang (Quu)= 5.876108E-10 Sumbu panjang (Quu)= 2.15457292E-09
Sv= 0.0245907958 Sv= 0.0380128381
Su= 3.5796542E-06 Su= 6.8545159E-06
Jarak Nilai Pengukuran Standar Deviasi
AB 2731.2515 0.29
BC 3005.8115 0.32
CA 4222.0115 0.44

αBC = (180 - θABC) + αAB

αBC = 134.2125
 0
0
0.9974753286
-0.071013863

-0.039639026 dB0C0A/dXB0 = 0.697434

-1.469845484 dB0C0A/dYB0 = 0.716649
0.6974343077 dB0C0A/dXC0 = -0.62642
0.716648719 dB0C0A/dYC0 = 0.280827

an koordinat B dan C

0
-0.099844178
0
0
0
0.0090188864
0.0020922247

0.753196765 -0.71665 0 135680 -135680 -8176.14 143856.1

0.6577952821 0.697434 0 -155358 155358 -303177 147819.4
0 0.716649 0.9974753286 0 -14647.7 143856.1 -129208
0 -0.69743 -0.071013863 0 -205744 147819.4 57924.64

0
0
0
0
0
0
0.01

1128067703.8 -8.2E+08 -177762284.955 3.5E+08

-816513135.7 2.34E+09 -649890828.939 -6.8E+08
-177762285 -6.5E+08 376039795.8283 1.68E+08
350395803.29 -6.8E+08 167940428.4932 6.75E+08

2.9711591945
-24.93053682
9.5721289786
15.22360484
-0.003519026

-3.519026E-05
 0.000173014
0.0001510997
-7.543167E-05
0.0001673838

0.0002297063
-0.000189405
-8.712781E-05
-1.393086E-07
-33.33333274
-33.3333328
66.666665542
Diketahui

Nilai Pengukuran Standar

Sudut
Derajat Menit Detik DD Deviasi
XAB 63 34 30 63.575 5
BAC 45 12 15 45.2041666667 10
ABC 94 39 20 94.6555555556 10
BCA 40 9 5 40.1513888889 10

Az AX 345 17 35 345.293055556
XA 10000
YA 10000

Jawab

Hubungan antara parameter dan data ukuran

dAB0 = akar ((XB0-XA)^2+(YB0-YA)^2)
dB0C0 = akar ((XC0-XB0)^2+(YC0-YB0)^2)
dAC0 = akar ((XC0-XA)^2+(YC0-YA)^2)
Sdt XAB = 360 - (Az AX-Az AB)
Sdt BAC = Az AC - Az AB
Sdt ABC = Az BA - Az BC
Sdt BCA = Az BC - Az AC

Mencari nilai azimuth

αAB = θXAB - (360 - αAX) αAC = αAB + θBAC
αAB = 48.8680555556 αAC = 94.072222222

αBA = αAB + 180

αBA = 228.868055556

Koordinat pendekatan B dan C dari hitungan sebelumnya

 XB0 = 12057.1473813 YB0 = 11796.584777

XC0 = 14211.3064257 YC0 = 9700.1819203

Menghitung jarak pendekatan

dAB0 = 2731.22174293
dB0C0 = 3005.87859469
dAC0 = 4221.96550108

Menghitung azimuth pendekatan

αAB0 = 48.8680555556
αAC0 = 94.072222222
αB0A = 228.868055556
αB0C0 = 134.221518886

Menghitung sudut pendekatan

θXAB0 = 360 - (αAX - αAB0) θB0AC0 = αAC0 - αAB0
θXAB0 = 63.575 θB0AC0 = 45.204166666

θAB0C0 = αB0A - αB0C0 θB0C0A = αB0C0 - αAC0

θAB0C0 = 94.6465366696 θB0C0A = 40.149296664

Linierisasi jarak
dAB0/dXB0 = 0.753196765 dB0C0/dXB0 = -0.716648719
dAB0/dYB0 = 0.6577952821 dB0C0/dYB0 = 0.6974343077
dAB0/dXC0 = 0 dB0C0/dXC0 = 0.716648719
dAB0/dYC0 = 0 dB0C0/dYC0 = -0.6974343077

Linierisasi sudut
dXAB0/dXB0 = 0.6577952821 dB0AC0/dXB0 = -0.6577952821
dXAB0/dYB0 = -0.753196765 dB0AC0/dYB0 = 0.753196765
dXAB0/dXC0 = 0 dB0AC0/dXC0 = -0.071013863
dXAB0/dYC0 = 0 dB0AC0/dYC0 = -0.9974753286

Hitungan pendekatan koordinat B dan C

2731.22174293 2731.22174293
3005.87859469 3005.87859469
4221.96550108 4221.96550108
Lu 63.5750436165 Lo 63.575
45.200291532 45.2041666664
94.6518386048 94.6465366696
40.1478698632 40.149296664
 p= 206264.8
0.753196765 0.6577952821 0 0
-0.716648719 0.6974343077 0.716648719 -0.6974343077
0 0 0.9974753286 -0.071013863
Matriks A 135680.012307 -155357.980095 0 0
-135680.012307 155357.980095 -14647.6602504 -205744.04917
-8176.13567827 -303177.384795 143856.147986 147819.4047
143856.147986 147819.4047 -129208.487735 57924.6444687

11.8906064209 0 0 0 0
0 9.765625 0 0 0
0 0 5.1652892562 0 0
Matriks P 0 0 0 0.04 0
0 0 0 0 0.01
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

8.9559662902 7.8215848052 0 0
-6.9985226467 6.8108819109 6.9985226467 -6.8108819109
0 0 5.1522485984 -0.3668071436
P*A 5427.20049229 -6214.31920382 0 0
-1356.80012307 1553.57980095 -146.476602504 -2057.4404917
-81.7613567827 -3031.77384795 1438.56147986 1478.194047
1438.56147986 1478.194047 -1292.08487735 579.246444687

0.0157314839 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.0022927784

0.0137389004 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.0020023695
(AT*P*A)-1
0.0322048364 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022927784 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.0003341621

0
0
0
P*k 1.74466092E-06
-3.8751344E-05
5.30193516E-05
-0.000014268

-0.0000000030 ∆XB
-0.0000000029 ∆YB
X
0.0000000123 ∆XC
0.0000000178 ∆YB

XB = 12057.1473813
 YB = 11796.5847769
XC = 14211.3064257
YC = 9700.1819203

Menghitung Nilai Residual V, V=AX-k

-4.2244455E-09 -4.2244455E-09
-3.4685076E-09 -3.4685076E-09
0.000000011 0.000000011
AX 4.36165255E-05 V 2.6121448E-12
-0.0038751344 3.3779099E-13
0.0053019352 -8.6153151E-12
-0.0014268008 8.8459585E-12

VT -4.2244455E-09 -3.4685076E-09 0.000000011 2.6121448E-12 3.37791E-13

Menghitung Matriks L Terkoreksi, Lterkoreksi = Lu+V

2731.22174293
3005.87859468
4221.96550109
Ľ 63.5750436165
45.200291532
94.6518386048
40.1478698632

Menghitung estimated varrianced factor

Vf = VT.P.V / (n-u)
VT.P -5.0231219E-08 -3.3872145E-08 5.66106373E-08 1.0448579E-13 3.37791E-15
VT.P.V = 9.50127202E-16
n-u = 3
Vf = 3.16709071E-16

Menghitung nilai standar deviasi

So± 1.77963218E-08

Menghitung nilai matriks kofaktor parameter

Qxx = (AT*P*A)-1
0.0157314839 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.0022927784
0.0137389004 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.0020023695
Qxx
0.0322048364 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022927784 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.0003341621

Sxx = So*Qxx
 2.79962551E-10 2.44501894E-10 5.73127634E-10 -4.0803023E-11
2.44501894E-10 2.13532778E-10 5.00534086E-10 -3.5634813E-11
Sxx
5.73127634E-10 5.00534086E-10 1.17328303E-09 -8.3530239E-11
-4.0803023E-11 -3.5634813E-11 -8.3530239E-11 5.9468568E-12

Menghitung ketelitian parameter

0.0157314839 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.0022927784
0.0137389004 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.0020023695
Qxx
0.0322048364 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022927784 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.0003341621

SXB = 2.23210745E-09
SYB = 1.94938402E-09
SXC = 4.56947727E-09
SYC = 3.25318578E-10

Matriks varian kovarian

QLL = A*Qxx*AT
0.0208862867 0.0229866498 0.0322863488 0.0001094414 -9.161942E-05
0.0182407855 0.0200751128 0.0281968921 -6.5339384E-05 -8.001471E-05
Qxx*AT
0.0427575342 0.0470573135 0.0660952692 -7.1479344E-06 -7.832735E-05
-0.0030440625 -0.0033501804 -0.0047055601 -0.0001210013 -0.000318451

0.0277301862 0.0305187848 0.0428657561 3.9450941E-05 -0.000121641

0.0305187848 0.0335878134 0.0471764185 -0.000044733 0.0001758192
0.0428657561 0.0471764185 0.0662625604 1.4628823E-06 -5.551518E-05
QLL 3.94509407E-05 -0.000044733 1.46288039E-06 24.9999999346 1.691073E-07
-0.0001216407 0.0001758192 -5.5515183E-05 1.4619027E-07 66.666666152
-0.0001080655 1.3586173E-05 0.000142643 1.7120839E-07 -33.3333336
0.0002297063 -0.0001894054 -8.7127807E-05 -3.1739866E-07 -33.33333255

Kekuatan Jaringan
SOF = Trace (AT*P*A)-1 / (n-u)
n-u 3
Trace (AT*P*A)-1 0.0939927496

SOF 0.0313309165

Error Elips
0.0157314839 0.0137389004 0.0322048364 -0.0022927784
0.0137389004 0.0119987029 0.0281257043 -0.0020023695
N
0.0322048364 0.0281257043 0.0659284004 -0.00469368
-0.0022927784 -0.0020023695 -0.00469368 0.0003341621
 Titik C Titik D
tan (2t) = 2Qxy/Qyy-Qxx tan (2t) = 2Qxy/Qyy-Qxx
= -7.3612142789 = 0.1431125691
2t = -82.2638880985 derajat 2t = 8.1444439908
t = -41.1319440493 derajat t = 4.0722219954
t = 138.868055951 derajat

Menghitung sumbu panjang dan sumbu pendek untuk titik C dan D

Sumbu pendek (Qvv) = Qxx.Cos2t - 2.Qxy.Cost.Sint + Qyy.Sin2t
Sumbu panjang (Quu) = Qxx.Sin2t + 2.Qxy.Cost.Sint + Qyy.Cos2t

Titik C Titik D
Sumbu pendek (Qvv)= 0.0277301863 Sumbu pendek (Qvv)=
Sumbu panjang (Quu)= 5.87610799E-10 Sumbu panjang (Quu)=
Sv= 0.000000003 Sv=
Su= 4.31395028E-13 Su=

Uji Statistik
Diketahui :
So = 1.77963218E-08
r= n-1
r= 6
Confidence interval yang diminta adalah 95%, sehingga
α = 100% - 95%
α= 5%
α= 0.05

Rumus Chi-Square

< So <

Mencari nilai statistik 1 Mencari nilai statistik 2

α/2 = 0.025 1 - (α/2) = 0.975
χ α/2 =
2
1.2373 χ 1 - α/2 =
2
14.4494

nilai statistik 1 3.91893779E-08 nilai statistik 2 1.146782E-08

Karena nilai So lebih kecil dari nilai statistik 1, sehingga tidak memenuhi rumus chi-square, maka hasil uji statistiknya gagal.
Jarak Nilai Pengukuran Standar Deviasi
AB 2731.2515 0.29
BC 3005.8115 0.32
CA 4222.0115 0.44

αBC = (180 - θABC) + αAB

αBC = 134.2125
 dAC0/dXB0 = 0
dAC0/dYB0 = 0
dAC0/dXC0 = 0.9974753286
dAC0/dYC0 = -0.071013863

dAB0C0/dXB0 = -0.039639026 dB0C0A/dXB0 = 0.697434

dAB0C0/dYB0 = -1.469845484 dB0C0A/dYB0 = 0.716649
dAB0C0/dXC0 = 0.6974343077 dB0C0A/dXC0 = -0.62642
dAB0C0/dYC0 = 0.716648719 dB0C0A/dYC0 = 0.280827

an pendekatan koordinat B dan C

0
0
0
k 4.361652E-05
-0.003875134
0.0053019352
-0.001426801
 0.753196765 -0.71665 0 135680 -135680 -8176.14 143856.1
0.6577952821 0.697434 0 -155358 155358 -303177 147819.4
AT
0 0.716649 0.9974753286 0 -14647.7 143856.1 -129208
0 -0.69743 -0.071013863 0 -205744 147819.4 57924.64

0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.01 0
0 0.01

1128067703.8 -8.2E+08 -177762284.952 3.5E+08

-816513135.7 2.34E+09 -649890828.937 -6.8E+08
AT*P*A
-177762285 -6.5E+08 376039795.8236 1.68E+08
350395803.29 -6.8E+08 167940428.4929 6.75E+08

3.0084643392
-24.47473428
AT*P*k
10.038323934
14.983678077
-8.61531506E-12 8.845958E-12

-8.61531506E-14 8.845958E-14
-8.13946202E-05 0.000173014
-0.000071085 0.0001510997
0.000153759 -7.543168E-05
0.0001510669 0.0001673838

-0.0001080655 0.0002297063
1.35861746E-05 -0.000189405
0.000142643 -8.712781E-05
1.01518083E-08 -2.741345E-07
-33.3333334479 -33.33333259
66.6666664509 -33.33333324
-33.333333003 66.66666583
 Titik D

derajat
derajat

Titik D
0.0662625605
2.15457292E-09
4.58104289E-09
8.26058587E-13

e, maka hasil uji statistiknya gagal.