‫ﺖﺖﺖﺖﺖ‬

  ‫ﺖﺖﺖﺖ‬                                                                                                      ‫ﺖﺖ‬
‫ﺖﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬

۱.............................................................................................................................. ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

۱............................................................................................................................. ‫ﺗﺘْﻮﺭﻱ‬

۳.................................................................... ‫ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ‬/‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

٤ .………………….……..……………….Vertical Two -phase Separators ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

۹......... .……………..…………………..Horizontal Two-phase Separators ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

۱۳..................................... Horizontal Three -phase Separators (With Weir) ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

۱۹ …………….…………Horizontal Three-phase Separators (With Boot)‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

۲٥......................................................................................................... Process Control

۲۸.................................. .................................................................................. Internals

۳۲............................ …………..…………………………….Instrument Connections

۳٤............................................................................................................... Appendix I

۳٥.................................................................................................... .......... Appendix II

۳٦............................................................................................................. Appendix III

۳۷............................................................ ...……………………………..Appendix IV

۳۸............................................................... ……………….……………..Appendix V

٤۰…………………………………………………..………..………….Appendix VI

٤۱…….……………………………………………………………….. Appendix VII

Page 1 of 41

M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./

 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺩﻭ ﻓـﺎﺯ )ﮔـﺎﺯ‪-‬ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ( ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ )ﮔﺎﺯ‪-‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪-‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕ ﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ Suction K.O. drum‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ Suction K.O. drum .‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Slug catcher‬ﺭ ﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ -‬ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ‪ Drag‬ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺷـﺘﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺫﻳـﻞ‬
‫ﻣ ﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪2gm p  p   ‬‬
‫‪ut ‬‬
‫‪ P A P C D‬‬

‫‪g:‬‬ ‫‪acceleration of gravity‬‬

‫‪m P:‬‬ ‫‪particle mass‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪density of surrounding fluid‬‬
‫‪P :‬‬ ‫‪particle density‬‬
‫‪A P:‬‬ ‫‪projectect particle area in direction of motion‬‬
‫‪C D:‬‬ ‫‪Drag coefficient‬‬
‫‪u t:‬‬ ‫‪Terminal velocity of particle‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴ ﻢ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪4gd p  p   ‬‬
‫‪ut ‬‬
‫‪3 C D‬‬

‫‪Page 2 of 41‬‬

‫‪M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./‬‬

dP: particle diameter
u: relative velocity between particle and fluid

‫( ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬Rep) ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻛـﺮﻭﻱ ﺻـﻠﺐ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟـﺪﺯ‬.‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭﮒ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
:‫ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺭﻳﻨﻮﻟﺪﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭﮒ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‬

dp u
Rep 
μ
: Fluid viscosity

24 Rep  0.1 Stoke' sLaw

 Rep

C D  24
Rep

1  0.14Rep 0.7  0.1  Rep  1000 InterediateRegime

0.455 1000  Rep  350000 Newton' sLaw


:‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭﮒ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬


 2
 gd p  P    Re  0.1
 18μ

 4gd p  P   
ut   0.1  Re  1000
 3  24 1  0.14Rep 
  Rep  0.7
 

 gd p  P   
1.73 1000  Re  350000
 

Page 3 of 41

M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./

 : ‫ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳ ﺐ ﺗﻔ ﻜﻴ ﻚ ﮔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ‬/ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬

Vertical Separators 

Uses: 
1- When sand, paraffin, or wax are produced
2- Plot space is limited
3- Ease of level control is desired
4- Small flow rates
5- Very low or very high (i.e. scrubber) GOR streams
 
Advantages: 
1- More versatile than horizontal
2- Liquid level control is not so critical
3- Have good bottom-drain and cleanout facilities
4- Can handle more sand, mud, paraffin, wax without plugging
5- Less tendency for re-entrainment
6- Has full diameter for gas flow at top and oil flow at bottom
7- Occupies smaller plot area
 
Disadvantages: 
1- More Expensive than horizontal
2- Require larger diameter for a given gas capacity, therefore, most competitive for very low
GOR or very high GOR or scrubber applications
3- More difficult to skid mount and ship
4- More difficult to reach and service top-mounted instruments and safety devices

Horizontal Separators 
Uses: 
1- Large volumes of gas and/or liquids
2- High-to-medium GOR streams
3- Foaming crudes
4- Three-phase separations
 
Advantages: 
1- Cheaper than vertical
2- Require smaller diameter for a same gas capacity
3- Lend themselves to skid mounting and shipping
4- No counter flow (gas flow does not oppose drainage of mist extractor)
5- Large liquid surface area for foam dispersion generally reduces turbulence
6- Larger surge volume capacity
 
Disadvantages: 
1- Only part of shell available for passage of gas
2- Occupy more space unless "stack" mounted
3- Liquid level control is more critical
4- More difficult to clean produced sand, mud, wax, paraffin, etc

Page 4 of 41

M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./

 ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪Vertical Two-phase Separators‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۱‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ‪ Inlet Diverter‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻗﻄـﺮﺍﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۲‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﺟﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۳‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﭼـﺴﺒ ﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄـﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘـﺮ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺛﻘﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻳﻚ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪ 4  g  Dp  (p  ‬‬ ‫‪)‬‬
‫‪UT  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3  CD  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪ 4  g  Dp‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪K  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 3  CD‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪ p   ‬‬
‫‪U T  K ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  ‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﺫﺭﻩ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪   v‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪U T  K  l‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ v‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ m/s‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪(0.1821+0.002 9P+0.0460Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪1P15‬‬

‫‪0.1067‬‬ ‫‪15P40‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬
‫‪(0.43-0.023Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪40P550‬‬
‫)‪P(psia‬‬

‫‪Source: York Mist Eliminator‬‬

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‫‪K= (0.35-0.0001 (P-100)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪0P1500‬‬ ‫)‪P (psig‬‬
‫‪Source: GPSA‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺧﻼء ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺭﺍ ‪ 0.2‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻼﻳﻜﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 0.6 – 0.8‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺳﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ ، Demister pad‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ K‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ Mole service scrubber ، Compressor scrubber‬ﻭ ‪ Expander inlet separator‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 0.7 – 0.8‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ K‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑـﺮﺩ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺗﺌـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭﮒ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۱‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ GPSA‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺩﺭﮒ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ CD.Re2‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ CD.Re2‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫) ‪1.3075  1013   V  D p  (  l   v‬‬
‫‪C D Re ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪μv‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪۱‬‬

‫‪CD‬‬

‫‪CDRe2‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪:‬‬

‫‪UV =0.75.UT‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺬﺍ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Qv=3600.A.Uv , A=π.D V /4‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪4  Qv‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪D v  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3600‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(a‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﻧـﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ۱۵۰-۳۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ‪ Support Ring‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪(b‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻇﺮﻑ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺒﻨــﺎﻱ )‪ (Surge time‬ﻭ )‪ (Hold up time‬ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳــﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳــﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(a‬‬
‫) ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Appendix II‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫‪VH=TH.QL /60‬‬

‫‪VS=TS. Q L /60‬‬

‫‪ HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(b‬‬

‫)‪HLLL (mm‬‬
‫)‪Vessel Diameter (mm‬‬
‫‪P < 300 psia‬‬ ‫‪P > 300 psia‬‬
‫‪Less than‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫‪2400‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫‪3700‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫‪4900‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫‪ HH‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ ۳۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(c‬‬
‫‪4VH‬‬
‫‪HH ‬‬ ‫‪ 1000‬‬
‫‪πD 2 V‬‬

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 ‫‪ HS‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(d‬‬
‫‪4VS‬‬
‫‪HS ‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪πD 2 V‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ HLIN‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(e‬‬

‫‪HLIN= 300+dN‬‬ ‫‪mm‬‬ ‫‪with inlet diverter‬‬

‫‪300+dN/2‬‬ ‫‪mm‬‬ ‫‪without inlet diverter‬‬

‫‪ dN‬ﻗ ﻄﺮ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Qm= QL+QV‬‬

‫)‪m=L.+ V.(1-‬‬

‫‪Ql‬‬
‫‪λ‬‬
‫‪Ql  Q v‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ 15.174  Q m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪dN  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪π‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﺑﻪ ‪ Appendix VI‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ HD‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(f‬‬

‫‪HD=500. DV‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ HD‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻤــــﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ HD‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻂ‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 915+ dN/2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪ Mist Eliminator‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ HD‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 610+ dN/2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻞ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(g‬‬

‫‪HV= HLLL+HH+HS+HLIN+HD‬‬

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‫ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ‬Pad ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬۳۰۰ ‫ ﻭ‬Pad ‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬۱۵۰ ‫ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬،‫ ﺍﺳ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬Mist Eliminator ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
.‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬

۲ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./

 ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ‪Horizontal Two-phase Separators‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UT‬ﺭ ﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UV‬ﺭﺍ ‪ 75%‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ )‪ (VH, VS‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۳‬‬
‫) ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Appendix II‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫‪VH=TH.QL /60‬‬

‫‪VS=TS. Q L /60‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ L/D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۴‬‬

‫)‪Vessel operating pressure (psig‬‬ ‫‪L/D‬‬

‫‪0<p250‬‬ ‫‪1.5- 3.0‬‬
‫‪250<p500‬‬ ‫‪3.0-4.0‬‬
‫‪500<p‬‬ ‫‪4.0-6.0‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۵‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 4V  V  ‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪S ‬‬
‫‪ 0.6π L‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪D ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۶‬‬

‫‪πD 2‬‬
‫‪AT ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ )‪ (HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۷‬‬

‫‪H LLL  41.67 D  180‬‬

‫)‪Vessel Diameter (mm‬‬ ‫)‪LLL (mm‬‬

‫‪Less than‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪2400‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪3700‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬
‫‪4900‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬

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‫‪M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./‬‬

‫‪ HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ ۲۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۱۲۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ‪ HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪۲۳۰‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HLLL/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ALLL/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪) ALLL‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫‪-۸‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۹‬‬

‫)‪ Max (200.D, 600‬‬ ‫‪mm with mist eliminator‬‬

‫‪HV  ‬‬
‫)‪ Max (200.D, 300‬‬ ‫‪mm without mist eliminator‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HV/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ AV/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪) AV‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫‪-۱۰‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭ ﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ Surge, Hold-up‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ )‪ (L‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪-۱۱‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪VH  VS‬‬
‫‪L ‬‬
‫‪A T  A V  A LLL‬‬

‫‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ ۰/۱۵‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳ ﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۲‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪UV‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UVA‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۳‬‬

‫‪QV‬‬
‫‪U VA ‬‬
‫‪3600  A V‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪ (LMin.‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۴‬‬

‫‪LMin.=UVA‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L< LMin.‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ LMin.‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪-۱۵‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪M./GENERAL./PROCESS./MISCELL./ DESIGN GUIDE./VESSEL./VERTICAL VESSEL.pp edition. Doc./‬‬

 ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L<< LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ AV ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۱۱‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L> LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L>> LMin.‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ HV‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۱۱‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‬
‫‪ ۱۰‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L/D<۱/۵‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ‪ D‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ‪۷‬‬ ‫‪-۱۶‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L/D> ۶‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۷‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۷‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) . .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۸‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۹‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﺎ ﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ‪ L/D‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪۱/۵-۶‬‬ ‫‪-۲۰‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۱‬‬

‫‪HHLL= (D - HV).1000‬‬

‫‪VH‬‬
‫‪A NLL  A LLL ‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، ANLL/AT‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ HNLL/D‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ HNLL, D‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

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 ۳ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )‪Horizontal Three-phase Separators (With Weir‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (QV‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱‬‬

‫‪WV‬‬
‫‪QV ‬‬
‫‪V‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (QLL‬ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (QHL‬ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪-۲‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ)‪ (QLL‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪WHL‬‬
‫‪QHL ‬‬
‫‪H‬‬

‫‪W LL‬‬
‫‪Q LL ‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪Q L  Q LL  Q HL‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۳‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪   V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪U T  K  L‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺭﺕ ﺗ ﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪(0.1821+0.0029P+0.0460Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪1P15‬‬
‫‪0.1067‬‬ ‫‪15P40‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬
‫‪(0.43-0.023Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪40P550‬‬
‫)‪P(psia‬‬
‫‪Source: York Mist Eliminator‬‬

‫‪K= (0.35-0.0001 (P-100)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪0P1500‬‬ ‫)‪P(psig‬‬

‫‪Source: GPSA‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UV‬ﺭﺍ ‪ 75%‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۴‬‬

‫‪U V  0.75U V‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ )‪ (VH,VS‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴـﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۵‬‬
‫) ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ Appendix II‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

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 ‫‪TH  Q L‬‬
‫‪VH ‬‬
‫‪60‬‬

‫‪TS  Q L‬‬
‫‪VS ‬‬
‫‪60‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ L/D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۶‬‬

‫)‪Vessel operating pressure (psig‬‬ ‫‪L/D‬‬

‫‪0<p250‬‬ ‫‪1.5- 3.0‬‬
‫‪250<p500‬‬ ‫‪3.0-4.0‬‬
‫‪500<p‬‬ ‫‪4.0-6.0‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۷‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 16V  V  ‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪S ‬‬
‫‪ 0.6π L‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪D ‬‬
‫‪‬‬‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۸‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪πD‬‬
‫‪AT ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۹‬‬

‫‪ Max (0.2D, 0.6) with mist eliminator‬‬

‫‪HV  ‬‬
‫‪ Max (0.2D, 0.3) without mist eliminator‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HV/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ AV/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪) AV‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫‪-۱۰‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ( HLLL ) Interface‬ﺭﺍﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۱‬‬

‫‪H LLL  41.67 D  180‬‬

‫)‪Vessel Diameter (mm‬‬ ‫)‪LLL (mm‬‬

‫‪Less than‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪2400‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪3700‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬
‫‪4900‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬
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‫‪ HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ ۲۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۱۲۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HLLL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪۲۳۰‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HLLL/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ALLL/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ‪) ALLL‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫‪-۱۲‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﺮﺭﻳﺰ )‪ (HW‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۳‬‬

‫) ‪H W  1000( D  H V‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ HW‬ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۶۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۹‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Surge, Hold-up‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎ ﻣﻴﻦ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ )‪ (L2‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪-۱۴‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪VH  VS‬‬
‫‪L2 ‬‬
‫‪A T  A V  A LLL‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ HW/2‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻇـﺮﻑ )‪ (HLL‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪-۱۵‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ )‪ (HHL‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ HW/2‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HHL/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ AHL/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ‪ ) AHL ، AT‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪-۱۶‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒ ﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ) ALL‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻚ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۷‬‬

‫‪ALL=AT-AV-AHL‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (UHL‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (UHL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪-۱۸‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪k S  H   L ‬‬
‫‪U HL ‬‬
‫‪μL‬‬

‫‪k S  H   L ‬‬
‫‪U LH ‬‬
‫‪μH‬‬

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 .‫ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬kS ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬

Light phase Heavy phase Minimum droplet kS

diameter (m) (mm/min)(Pa.s)/(kg/m3)
Hydrocarbon:
SG at 60F < 0.85 Water or caustic 127 527.56
SG at 60F < 0.85 Water or caustic 89 258.23
Water Furfural 89 258.23
Methyl ethyl ketone Water 89 258.23
Sec-Butyl Alcohol Water 89 258.23
Methyl isobutyl ketone Water 89 258.23
Nonyl alcohol Water 89 258.23

.‫ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻓﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬/ ‫ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ‬:‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑـﻂ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬tLH) ‫( ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺻـﻌﻮﺩ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺳـﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬tHL) ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ -۱۹
.‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬

H LL
t HL 
U HL

H HL
t LH 
U LH

.‫( ﺭﺍﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‬L1) ‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‬-‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬ -۲۰

t LH  QHL t HL  QLL
L1  Max( , )
60 AHL 60 ALL

.‫ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬L=L1+L2 ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬ -۲۱

.‫( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬) ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ -۲۲
HV

UV

.‫( ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‬UVA) ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬ -۲۳

QV
U VA 
3600A V

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 ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪ (LMin.‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۴‬‬

‫‪L Min  φ  U VA‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L< LMin.‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ LMin.‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪-۲۵‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩ ﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L<< LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ AV ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۹‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L> LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L>> LMin.‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ HV‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۹‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ L/D‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۶‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L/D<۱/۵‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ‪ D‬ﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‪۹‬‬ ‫‪-۲۷‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L/D>۶‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۷‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۸‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛ ﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۹‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۳۰‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ‪ L/D‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‪ ۱/۵-۶‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪-۳۱‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۳۲‬‬

‫) ‪H HLL  1000( D  H V‬‬

‫‪VH‬‬
‫‪A NLL  A LLL ‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬

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‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، ANLL/AT‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ HNLL/D‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ HNLL, D‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪۴‬‬

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 ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )‪Horizontal Three-phase Separators (With Boot‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (QV‬ﺭ ﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱‬‬

‫‪WV‬‬
‫‪QV ‬‬
‫‪V‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (QLL‬ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (QHL‬ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫‪-۲‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ)‪ (QL‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪WHL‬‬
‫‪QHL ‬‬
‫‪H‬‬

‫‪W LL‬‬
‫‪Q LL ‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪Q L  Q LL  Q HL‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۳‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪   V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪U T  K  L‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ V‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ K‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪(0.1821+0.0029P+0.0460Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪1P15‬‬
‫‪0.1067‬‬ ‫‪15P40‬‬
‫=‪K‬‬
‫‪(0.43-0.023Ln(P)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪40P550‬‬
‫)‪P(psia‬‬

‫‪Source: York Mist Eliminator‬‬

‫‪K= (0.35-0.0001 (P-100)).0.3048‬‬ ‫‪0P1500‬‬ ‫)‪P(psig‬‬

‫‪Source: GPSA‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UV‬ﺭﺍ ‪ 75%‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۴‬‬

‫‪U V  0.75U V‬‬

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‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﺭﺍ ) ﺑﺠﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ Surge‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣـﺜﻼً ‪ Slug Volume‬ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪-۵‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺍﺯ ‪ Appendix II‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )‪ (VH,VS‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪TH  Q L‬‬
‫‪VH ‬‬
‫‪60‬‬

‫‪TS  Q L‬‬
‫‪VS ‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ L/D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۶‬‬

‫)‪Vessel operating pressure (psig‬‬ ‫‪L/D‬‬

‫‪0<p250‬‬ ‫‪1.5- 3.0‬‬
‫‪250<p500‬‬ ‫‪3.0-4.0‬‬
‫‪500<p‬‬ ‫‪4.0-6.0‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۷‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ 4V  V  ‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪S ‬‬
‫‪ 0.6π L‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪D ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۸‬‬

‫‪πD 2‬‬
‫‪AT ‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۹‬‬

‫‪ Max (0.2D, 0.6) with mist eliminator‬‬

‫‪HV  ‬‬
‫‪ Max (0.2D, 0.3) without mist eliminator‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‪ ، HV/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‪ AV/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ‪) AV‬ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫‪-۱۰‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴ ﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ )‪ (HLLV‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ )‪ (HLLB‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‪، HLLV‬‬ ‫‪-۱۱‬‬
‫‪ ۳۰۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‪ ۱۵۰، HLLB‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، HLLV/D‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ALLV/AT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ AT‬ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣـﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫‪-۱۲‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ )‪ (ALLV‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

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‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Surge,Hold-up‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )‪ (L‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪-۱۳‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪VH  VS‬‬
‫‪L ‬‬
‫‪A T  A V  A LLV‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۴‬‬
‫‪HV‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪UV‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪ (UVA‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۵‬‬

‫‪QV‬‬
‫‪U VA ‬‬
‫‪3600A V‬‬

‫ﺣ ﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪ (LMin.‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۶‬‬

‫‪LMin    U VA‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L< LMin.‬ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ -‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ LMin.‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪-۱۷‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Hold-up‬ﻭ ‪ Surge‬ﻛﻤﻲ ﺍ ﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L<< LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪ AV ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۱۳‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L> LMin.‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ) L>>LMin.‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﻳﺴﺖ ‪ L‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ HV‬ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ HV‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۹‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۱۳‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (UHL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۱۸‬‬

‫‪k S  H   L ‬‬
‫‪U HL ‬‬
‫‪μL‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ )‪ (tHL‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۱۹‬‬

‫) ‪H LLB  1000( D  H V‬‬

‫‪t HL ‬‬
‫‪U HL‬‬

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 ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ )‪ (Residence time‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-۲۰‬‬

‫‪60( AT  AV ) L‬‬
‫‪ LL ‬‬
‫‪QLL‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩ ﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ )‪ (θLL<tHL‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭﺳﻞ‬ ‫‪-۲۱‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪t HL QLL‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫) ‪60( AT  AV‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‪ L/D‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۲‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ L/D<<۱/۵‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ‪ D‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ‪۸‬‬ ‫‪-۲۳‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﮔﺮ‪ L/D>>۶‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ‪ D‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪ ۸‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۴‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻪ ﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۵‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix III‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۶‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ‪ L/D‬ﺩﺭ ﻣ ﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‪ ۱/۵-۶‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪-۲۷‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ( ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲۸‬‬

‫) ‪H HLL  1000( D  H V‬‬

‫‪VH‬‬
‫‪A NLL  A LLV ‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ، ANLL/AT‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ HNLL/D‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ‪ HNLL, D‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﺪ‪ ) .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Appendix I‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ,‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪(.‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﻮﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ )‪ (Residence time‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ )‪ (HL‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ Criteria‬ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪-۱‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (ULH‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۲‬‬

‫‪k S  H   L ‬‬
‫‪U LH ‬‬
‫‪μH‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ )‪ (UP‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0.75 ULH‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۳‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۴‬‬

‫‪QHL  66.67‬‬
‫‪DB ‬‬
‫‪ U P‬‬

‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۵‬‬

‫‪V   HL  QHL‬‬

‫‪4 V‬‬
‫‪H HL  1000 ‬‬
‫‪  D 2B‬‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳ ﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )‪ (tLH‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۶‬‬

‫)‪(H HL  150‬‬
‫‪t LH ‬‬
‫‪U LH‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ )‪ (HL<tLH‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑـﻮﺕ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪-۷‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﻭﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ‪ ۵‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ HL>tLH‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-۸‬‬

‫)‪( H HL  H LLB  150‬‬

‫‪LB ‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ۱۵۰‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ LLL‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ۵ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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Process Control:
Pressure Control: 

The Separator pressure is generally controlled by a backpressure regulator in the exit gas line or,
to save pressure loss across valve, by compressor suction control. Pressure control is very
important if the separator is going to be operated at s teady conditions.

Temperature Control: 

Separator temperature is usually not controlled except for heater-treaters and special low
temperature units.

Level Control: 
 
a)  Two-phase Separators 

Two-phase separators have one liquid-level controller for the liquid-accumulation section that
activates a dump valve to maintain the desired liquid level.

b)  Three-phase Separators 

Three-phase units have two liquid-level controllers that are often combined with internal baffles
and weirs to regulate the oil-gas and oil-water levels. Liquid levels must be controlled within
specified limits to assure adequate liquid retention time and for horizontal units adequate cross-
sectional area for gas flow.
Figures 6-8 show three alternative designs for level control (Broussard and Gravis, 1960;
NATCO, 1991).

Figure 6 shows a simple and inexpensive approach; namely, using float and displacement
sensors with no baffles or weirs.

This technique has the following advantages:

1. Relative retention volumes can be varied easily.

2. No traps to accumulate sand, mud (etc.).
3. Easy to clean separator.

However, the following disadvantages are present:

1. Failure of water level controller or valve results in the entire liquid stream being
discharged through the water outlet.
2. Interfacial level control is difficult because the. level controller must sense small (oil-
water) differences in density. Emulsion formation would make this impossible.
3. A small drop in the oil level will result in gas entering the oil outlet. A horizontal tee
outlet helps. Foam will distort liquid level indications.

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 Fig. 6

Figure 7: shows a second approach in which the upper oil level is fixed by a simple and
relatively inexpensive weir plate.

The chief advantages are:

1. Interfacial (oil-water level) control is easier to operate.

2. Relative retention times can be varied easily.
3. The "cleanest" oil is taken off the top

The main disadvantages are:

1. Use of baffles makes removal of sand and mud, etc. difficult.

2. A considerable portion of the vessel volume can be "wasted" because oil-water separation
stops when the oil flows over the weir.
3. The interface level controller must sense the difference in densities of the oil and water.
Again, emulsions can make this impossible.

Fig. 7

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Figure 8: shows a third approach where the oil and interfacial levels are both fixed by oil
and water weirs respectively.

The advantages of this oil bucket and weir are:

1. Only float level control is used; controllers sense the large density difference between
liquid and gas.

2. If level control or valves fail, only that liquid and gas are discharged.

However, the disadvantages are:

1. More internal baffles are required.

2. Difficult to remove sand and mud (etc.).
3. More vessel space is "wasted."
4. More difficult to vary the relative liquid retention volumes (i.e., adjusting the bucket and
weir is difficult).

Fig. 8

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Internals:
I) Vortex Breakers

Vortex breakers are required to maintain flow rate continuity from vessels whenever the
intersection of the minimum liquid level (i.e., the lowest effective working level) and the nozzle
velocity is below the curve shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9

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II) Mist Extractors

Well-designed and operated mist extractors can be very efficient at removing liquid mists
from gas streams. In the final analysis, liquid removal is accomplished by gravity; that is, by
the large density difference between the "heavy" (40- 60 lb/ft3) liquid and the "light" (< 4
lb/fr3) gas.

Vane-Type extractors are shown in Figures 10 (item E), 11 (item D), 12, 13 and 14. Figures 10-11
(item D) and 12 show Dixon plates that were an industry standard. Dixon plates are
essentially flat plates oriented parallel to the gas flow and inclined at 45 degrees to the
horizontal. They markedly reduce the level of turbulence in the gas flow because the gas
must now flow betw een the plates that are spaced about 1 in. apart. Dixon plates also
reduce the vertical distance a liquid drop must fall due to gravity to be collected.

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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 Fig. 12

Blade-type  mist extractors, today's standard, accelerate the separation using impingement,
change in gas flow direction and velocity, and coalescence. Figure 13 and 14 shows two types
of very efficient blade mist extractors; namely, chevron blade and serpentine vane. Figure 13
also shows how drop impingement, change in direction of gas flow and change in gas velocity are
used to enhance drop removal. In NATCO's serpentine vane (Figure 14), liquid drainage occurs
outside and at right angles to the gas flow, thus minimizing liquid re-entrainment.

Fig. 13 Fig. 14

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The plates or vanes, which are usually spaced 0.5-3 in. a part, can be made of carbon or stainless
steel, PVC or polypropylene. Excellent removal (>90%) of drops larger than 10 mm is often
claimed for vane extractors and entrainment losses of 0.1 gal/MMscf are often guaranteed. vane
extractor enjoy two big advantages they are in-expensive, and they do not plug or foul as readily
with paraffin, wax, solids, etc. Nevertheless, cleaning provisions should be made (e.g. suitably
located manholes for steam lances) typically, pressure drops may vary from 2 or 3 to 6 or 8 in.
water.

Wire-Mesh or Fibrous mist extractors (Figure 15) are used only for clean inlet streams where
plugging by solids is unlikely. Wire-Mesh mist extractors are made by knitting wire typically
0.002-0.020 in. diameter. Wire-Mesh mist eliminators are available in carbon or stainless steel,
monel, nickel, aluminum, or plastic. A common type is made from 0.011 in. wire and has a void
fraction of 97.7%, a bulk density of 12 lb/ft3, a surface area of 110 ft2/ft3 .In the past Wire-Mesh
designs consisted of a random distribution of wire; however, a structured order of wire -mesh
arrangement is now available (York, 1993). A 4- to 6-inch pad is often used at pressure drops of
0.1-1.0 in. water. Droplets as small as 5 tm and liquid entrainments lower than 0.1 gal/MMscf
can be achieved. Wire-mesh pads capture liquid drops by three mechanisms: inertial impaction,
direct interception, and Brownian capture (Figure 16) .
Dirty liquids such as crude oil plug wire-mesh pads very readily. Therefore, wire-mesh mist
extractors are not generally used for oilfield separators except when the vessel is too small for
vane packs.

Fig. 15 Fig. 16

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Instrument Connections:
Instrument connections should be placed on the shell of the drum, not the heads, whenever
possible. They may be either flanged or 6000 lb. screwed couplings, depending on the client's
preference. General practice at FW is to use flanged connections for instruments unless the
customer specifically requests screwed couplings. The size will be set ultimately by the
Instrument Department, but the following may be used as a guide if the sizes are required on a
preliminary vessel sketch.

TYPICAL INSTRUMENT CONNECTION SIZES

Flanged connection Screwed coupling

LG or GG 1" 3/4"
All other level Instruments 2" 3/4"
All pressure and temperature Instruments 1" 3/4"

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 Appendix 

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 Appendix I 

Mathematical Correlation

‫( ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻤـﺎﻥ ﻗﻄـﺎﻉ‬AT) ‫( ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ‬A) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ‬،‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﻄﺎ ﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬
(.‫ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬y ‫)ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬.‫( ﺭﺍﺑﻜﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‬D) ‫( ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ‬H)

a  cx  ex 2  gx 3  ix 4
y
1  bx  dx 2  fx 3  hx 5

a  4.755930  10 5 a  0.00153756
b  3.924091 b  26.787101
c  0.174875 c  3.299201
d  6.358805 d  22.923932
e  5.668973 e  24.353518
f  4.018448 f  14.844824
g  4.916411 g  36.999376
h  1.801705 h  10.529572
i  0.145348 i  9.892851
A
xH x A
D AT
yA yH
AT D

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 Appendix ІI 

Guidelines on Selecting Liquid Holdup and Surge Times

Service Holdup time,min Surge time,min

(NLL-LLL) (NLL-HLL)
A)Unit feed drum 10 5
B)Separators
1-Feed to column 5 3
2-Feed to other drum or tankage
a.With pump or through exchanger 5 2
b.Without pump 2 1
3-Feed to fired heater 10 3
C)Reflux or product accumulator
1-Reflux only 3 2
2-Reflux and product 3+ 2+
(Based on Reflux ( 3min ) plus appropriate holdup time for overhead product (as per B 1-3)
D)Column bottoms
1-Feed to another column 5 2
2-Feed to another drum or tankage
a.With pump or through exchanger 5 2
b.Without pump 2 1
3-Feed to fired boiler 5-8 2-4
(Based on reboiler vapor expressed as liquid ( 3min ) plus appropriate holdup time for
thebottom products as per D 1,2)
E)Compressor suction / interstage scrubber
3 min between HLL (high liquid alarm) and high level shutdown
10 min from bottom tangant line to high liquid alarm
F)Fuel gas knock-out drum
20 ft slug in the coming fuel gas line between NLL an d high level shutdown
G)Flare knock-out drum
20-30 min to HLL

Multiply by the following factors (optional)

Personnel Factor Instrumentation Factor
Experienced 1 Well Instrumented 1
Trained 1.2 Standard Instrumented 1.2
Inexperienced 1.5 Poorly Instrumented 1.5

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 Appendix ІII 

Wall Thickness, Surface Area and Approximate Weight of Vessels

Component Wall thickness, in Surface area, ft 2

Shell PD Dl
 tC
2SE  1.2P
2:1 Elliptical Heads PD 1.09D2
 tC
2SE  0.2P
Hemispherical Heads PD 1.571D2
 tC
4SE  0.4P
Dished Heads 0.885PD 0.842D2
 tC
SE  0.1P
 490 lb  t 
Approximate vessel weight (w)=  3  A Shell  2A Head 
 ft  12 
Note:

1) The design pressure, P, is typically either the operating pressure with 15 to 30 psi
added to it or the operating p ressure + 10% whichever is greater.
2) The joint efficiency, E, ranges from 0.6 to 1; use 0.85 for spot-examined joints, and 1
for 100% x-rayed joints. The corrosion allowance, t c, typically ranges from 1/16 to
1/8 in. the vessel thickness, t, is the larger of ts and tH up to the nearest 1/8 in.

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 Appendix ІV 
Nomenclture for Two-phase Vessels

No. Abbreviation Description Dimension

1 QL Liquid Volumetric Flow m3/hr
2 Qv Vapor Volumetric Flow m3/hr
3 Qm Mixture Volumetric Flow m3/hr
4 A Vertical Vessel Cross-Sectional Area m2
5 AT Total Cross-Sectional Area m2
6 AV Vapor Disengagement Area m2
7 ANLL Cross-Sectional Area for HLL in Horizontal Vessel m2
8 ALLL Cross-Sectional Area for LLL in Horizontal Vessel m2
9 dN Nozzle Diameter (inlet or outlet vapor/liquid as specified) mm
10 DP Droplet Diameter m
11  Continuous Phase Density kg/m 3
12 m Mixture Density kg/m 3
13 L Liquid Density kg/m 3
14 V Vapor Density kg/m 3
15 P Particle Density kg/m 3
16 V Liquid Viscosity Pa.sec
17 K Terminal Velocity Constant m/sec
18 UT Terminal Velocity m/sec
19 UV Vapor Velocity m/sec
20 VH Hold-up Volume m3
21 VS Surge Volume m3
22 TH Hold-up Time min
23 TS Surge Time min
24  Liquid Dropout Time sec
25 L Vessel Length m
26 LMIN Vapor/Liquid Separation Minimum Length m
27 HHLL High Liquid Level Height mm
28 HLLL Low Liquid Level Height mm
29 HNLL Normal Liquid Level Height mm
30 P Pressure psig or psia
31 DV Vessel Diameter m
32 HV Vapor Disengagement Area Height mm
33 HH Hold-up Height mm
34 HS Surge Height mm
35 HLIN High Liquid Level to Inlet Nozzle Centerline Height mm
36 HD Disengagement Height mm
37 HME Mist Eliminator to Top Tank Height mm
38  Mixture Liquid Fraction Dimensionless
39 Re Reynolds Number Dimensionless
40 CD Drag Coefficient Dimensionless

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 Appendix V 

Nomenclture for Three-phase Vessels

No. Abbreviation Description Dimension

1 WV Vapor Mass Flow kg/hr
2 W LL Light Liquid Mass Flow kg/hr
3 W HL Heavy Liquid Mass Flow kg/hr
4 QV Vapor Volumetric Flow m3/hr
5 QHL Heavy Liquid Volumetric Flow m3/hr
6 QLL Light Liquid Volumetric Flow m3/hr
7 QL Liquid Volumetric Flow m3/hr
8 H Heavy Liquid Density kg/m 3
9 L Light Liquid Density kg/m 3
10 V Vapor Density kg/m 3
11 L Light Liquid Viscosity Pa.sec
12 H Heavy Liquid Viscosity Pa.sec
13 K Terminal Velocity Constant m/sec
14 UT Terminal Velocity m/sec
15 UV Vapor Velocity m/sec
16 UAV Actual Vapor Velocity m/sec
17 UP Boot Velocity mm/min
18 V Boot Hold-up Volume m3
19 VH Hold-up Volume m3
20 VS Surge Volume m3
21 TH Hold-up Time min
22 TS Surge Time min
23 tHL Settling Time for Heavy Droplets out of Light Liquid min
24 tLL Settling Time for Light Droplets out of Heavy Liquid min
25 P Pressure psig or psia
26 D Vessel Diameter m
27 DB Boot Diameter m
28 dN Nozzle Diameter (inlet or outlet vapor/liquid as specified) mm
29 HV Vapor Disengagement Area Height m
30 HW Weir Height m
31 HHL Heavy Liquid Height m
32 HLL Light Liquid Height m
33 HHLL High Liquid Level Height mm
34 HNLL Normal Liquid Level Height mm
35 HLLL Low Liquid Level Height mm
36 HLLV Light Liquid Height in Vessel mm
37 HLLB Light Liquid Height in Boot mm
38 AT Total Cross-Sectional Area m2

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No. Abbreviation Description Dimension
39 AV Vapor Disengagement Area m2
40 ANLL Normal Liquid Level Area m2
41 ALLL Low Liquid Level Area m2
42 AHL Heavy Liquid Area m2
43 ALL Light Liquid Area m2
44 ALLV Light Liquid Area in Vessel m2
45 L1 Min. Length to Accommodate Hold-up/Surge Time m
46 L2 Min. Length to Facilitate Liquid-Liquid Separation m
47 L Vessel Length m
48 LMIN Vapor/Liquid Separation Minimum Length m
49 LB Boot Length m
50  Liquid Dropout Time sec
51 UHL Settling Velocity of Heavy Liquid Droplets out of Light Liquid mm/min
52 ULH Rising Velocity of Light Liquid Droplets out of Heavy Liquid mm/min
53 HL Residence Time of Heavy Liquid min
54 LL Residence Time of Light Liquid min
55 kS Stoke's Law Terminal Velocity Constant (mm/min)(Pa.sec)
/(kg/m 3)

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 Appendix VI 

Nozzle Sizing

Feed Nozzle

The inner diameter of the feed inlet nozzle should be equal to the inner diameter of theinner
piping but shall also be sufficiently large to satisfy the relevant momentumcriterion:
If no inlet device is used:
m.v2m,in 1000 Pa

where m is the mean density of the mixture in the feed pipe

m= (Qll + Qhh+ QGG)/(Ql + Qh+ QG)
and vm,in is the velocity of the mixture in the inlet nozzle
vm,in = (Ql + Qh + QG)/(d2 / 4)

If a half-open pipe is used as inlet device:

m.v2m,in 1500 Pa

If an inlet device like Schoepentoeter is used:

m.v2m,in 6000 Pa

Gas Outlet Nozzle

The diameter of the gas outlet nozzle should normally be taken as equal to that of the outlet pipe,
but also the following criterion shall be satisfied:
G.v2G,out 3750 Pa

Liquid Outlet Nozzles

The diameter of the liquid outlet nozzles shall be chosen such that the liquid velocity does not
exceed 1 m/s. The minimum diameter is 50 mm(or 2 inch).

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 Appendix VII 

Vent, Drain and steam out connection

Size of vent, Drain and steam out nozzles shall select as per following table:

VESSEL DIAMETER (MM) VENT DRAIN* STEAM OUT

UP TO 1200 1½ 1½ 1
1200-2500 2 2 1½
2500-3500 3 3 1½
3500-6000 4 4 2
>6000 4 4 3

* Selected drain size to be as process line, in case process connection is to b e smaller than
the above table.

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