‘ONIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER IT FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER IT SESI 2016/2017 SESSION 2016/2017 FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL, KOD MATAPELAJARAN : BMCG 3723 SUBJECT CODE MATAPELAJARAN : PEMINDAHAN HABA DAN JISIM. ‘SUBJECT HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PENYELARAS : MOHD YUSOFF SULAIMAN COORDINATOR KURSUS : BMCG & BMCT COURSE MASA :9.00 PAGI TIME 9.00 AM TEMPOH :3JAM DURATION 3 HOURS TARIKE +10 JUN 2017 DATE 10" JUNE 2017 TEMPAT : DEWAN BESAR VENUE ‘ARAHAN KEPADA CALON: INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES: (1) Jawab TIGA (3) soalan pada BAHAGIAN A. Answer THREE (3) questions in PART A (2) Jawab SATU (1) daripada DUA (2) soalan pada BAHAGIAN B. Answer ONE (1) out of TWO (2) questions in PART B. (3) Markah keseluruhan bagi peperiksaan ini adalah 100 markah. Overall marks for this examination are 100 marks KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA LIMA BELAS (15) MUKA SURAT SAHAJA. | (TERMASUK MUKA SURAT HADAPAN) | THIS QUESTION PAPER CONTAINS FIFTEEN (15) PAGES INCLUSIVE OF FRONT PAGE(BMCG 3723) English Version- SULIT PART A : ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. QU. A concentric tube heat exchanger for cooling lubricating oil is composed of a thin-walled inner tube of 25 mm diameter carrying water and an outer tube of 45 mm diameter carrying oil as shown in Figure 1. The exchanger operates in counterflow with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 60 W/n?-K and average properties are as in Table 1 Ton * 30°C Toma Figure 1 A concentric tube heat exchanger. Table 1 Tabulated average properties. P (mem) — cy kek) v(mis) =k (WimK) Pr Water 1000 200 7x10” 0.64 AT ol 800 1900 1x10° 0.134 140 (a) Sketch the temperature distribution curves for the heat exchanger identifying all given variables. (4 marks) (b) If the outlet temperature of the oil is 60 °C, determine the total heat transfer and the outlet temperature of the water. (8 marks) (© Determine the length required for the heat exchanger using the LMTD-method. (6 marks) (@_ Repeat the calculation in part (e) using the e-NTU method, (7 marks) SULIT(BMCG 3723) -English Version- SULIT Q2. A small, opaque, diffuse object at 7; = 400 K is suspended in a large furnace whose interior walls are at T;= 2000 K. The walls are diffuse and gray and have an emissivity of 0.20 as shown in Figure 2a, The spectral, hemispherical emissivity for the small object is given in Figure 2b (a) Determine the total emissivity and absorptivity of the surface. (8 marks) (b) Evaluate the reflected radiant flux and the net radiative flux to the surface. (6 marks) (©) What is the spectral emissive power at A=2 um? (7 marks) (a) What is the wavelength 412 for which one-half of the total radiation emitted by the surface is in the spectral region A> Ara? (4 marks) i 0.7 i 05 Ee 0 ool 3 Aum) @ (b) Figure 2 (a) Radiation in a furnace, (b) Spectral hemispherical emissivity distribution. SULIT(BMCG 3723) -English Version- SULIT Q3. In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical fluid is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75 °C as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steel tube of 12.7 mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface of the tube. Fluid properties may be approximated as p = 1000 kg/m’, c= 4000 JkgK, # =2 x 10° kg/sm, 0.48 W/mK, and Pr= 10. (a) Sketch a shematic of the system identifying all given variables. (4 marks) (b) If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? (6 marks) (©) Determine the Reynolds number of the fluid flow. Is it laminar or turbulent? (4:marks) (@) Evaluate the thermal entry length. (4 marks) (©) If the fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit? (7 marks) SULIT(BMCG 3723) -English Version- SULIT PART B : ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION ONLY. Q4. A tube bank uses an aligned arrangement of 30 mm diameter tubes with Sr= S. = 60 mm. and the tubes are of 1 m length. There are 10 rows in the flow direction (Nz = 10) and 7 tubes per row (Nr= 7) as shown in Figure 3. Air with upstream conditions of 7.,= 300 K and = 15 m/s is in cross flow over the tubes, while a tube wall temperature of 373 K is ‘maintained by steam condensation inside the tubes. (a) Determine the temperature of air leaving the tube bank, using Zhukauskas correlation for the Nusselt number with C= 0.27, m= 0.63 and C; = 0.97. (8 marks) (b) Determine the pressure drop across the bank, assuming the friction factor of 0.19 and correction factor is 1. (4 marks) (©) Determine the fan power requirement. (4 marks) (d) Determine the heat rate. (4 marks) (©) What effect would increasing the longitudinal and transverse pitches to 70 mm have on. the exit temperature of the air, the total heat rate and the pressure drop? (5 marks) Spéden ZOO + = + OTe, D-30mm 70 Figure 3. An air duct steam heater, “Se SULIT(BMCG 3723) -English Version- SULIT Q5. Two configurations are being considered in the design of a condensing system for steam at | atm employing a vertical plate maintained at 90 °C. The first configuration is a single vertical plate Z x wand the second consists of two vertical plates (L/2) w, where L and ware the vertical and horizontal dimensions, respectively as shown in Figure 4. Assume that the Reynolds number for the film condensate flow is laminar, Re = 30 and the average heat transfer coefficient, hy, « L~¥/*. (a) Byevaluating the heat transfer ratio for case 1 and case 2, which configuration would you choose? (8 marks) (b) Determine the average heat transfer coefficient, fi, using the relationship: hyvite)'® hy 1.47Re5"® (4 marks) (©) Determine the length, Z using the relationship: — phi us hyp + 068¢,4T uy 7) Fy = 0.943 [ie (Tay — TL (8 marks) (@) For wavy laminar and turbulent regions, what would the behavior of f, and condensate rate be, by comparing case 1 and case 2? y > Ain? (4 markah) Tie gg a p g 05 7,2 400K . i es 3 Gum) (@ () Rajah 2 (a) Sinaran dalam relau, (b) pengagihan keberpancaran nemisfera spectral. SULIT(BMCG 3723) -Versi Bahasa Melayu- SULIT 83. Pada peringkat akhir pengeluaran, cecair farmaseutikal disterilkan dengan memanaskan pada suhu 25 ke 75 °C sambil ia bergerak pada 0.2 m/s melalui tiub keluli berdinding nipis dengan diameter 12.7 mm. Fluks haba seragam dikekalkan oleh pemanas rintangan clektrik terikat di permukaan luar tiub. Sifat bendalir boleh dianggarkan sebagai p = 1000 kg/m’, cp = 4000 JkgK, w= 2. 10° kg/sm, k= 0.48 WimK, and Pr= 10, (a) Lakarkan skematik sistem dengan mengenalpasti semua pembolehubah yang diberi (4 markah) (b) Jika panjang tiub adalah 10 m, berapakah fuks haba yang diperlukan? (6 markah) (©) Tentukan nombor Reynolds aliran bendalir tersebut. Adakah ia lamina atau gelora? (4 markab) (@) Kira panjang kemasukan haba. (4 markah) (©) Jika bendalir masuk ke tiub dengan profil halaju terbentuk sepenubmya dan profil suhu yang seragam, apakah suhu permukaan pada permukaan tiub keluaran? (7 markah) 9. SULIT(BMCG 3723) -Versi Bahasa Melayu- SULIT BAHAGIAN |AWAB SATU (1) SOALAN SAHAJA. 4, Serangkai tiub dengan diameter 30 mm menggunakan susunan selaras Sr= dan panjang setiap tiub adalah 1 m. Terdapat 10 baris dalam arah aliran (N; = 10) dan 7 tiub setiap baris (Nr= 7) seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3. Air pada subu T., = 300 K dan 15 m/s adalah dalam aliran silang dengan tiub, manakala suhu dinding ‘tiub pada 373 K dikekalkan secara pemeluwapan wap dalam tiub, (@) Tentukan suhu keluaran udara pada rangkaian tiub, menggunakan korelasi Zhukauskas untuk nombor Nusselt dengan C= 0.27, m=0.63 dan C, = 0.97 (8 markah) (b) Tentukan penurunan tekanan merentasi rangkaian itu dengan andaian faktor geseran 0.19 dan faktor pembetulan adalah 1 (4 markah) (©) Tentukan keperluan kuasa kipas. (4 markah) (@) Tentukan kadar pemindahan haba, (4 markah) (©) Apa kesannya kepada subu keluaran udara, jumlah kadar haba dan penurunan tekanan apabila jarak membujur dan melintang dipanjangkan kepada 70 mm? (5 markah) © + + + Ox—Tiub, Dez0: Sréden TS > GSK — ° - N=70 ‘mia 2 Tor300KF—6 8 7. ° : Sr60mmn-QP °° © Rajah 3 Salur Pemanas wap udara. -10- SULIT(BMCG 3723) -Versi Bahasa Melayu- SULIT 85. Dua konfigurasi sedang dipertimbangkan dalam reka bentuk sistem terkondensasi bagi stim pada 1 atm menggunakan plat menegak yang dikekalkan pada 90 °C. Konfigurasi pertama adalah plat tunggal menegak L = w dan yang kedua terdiri daripada dua plat menegak (L/2) x w, di mana L dan w adalah masing-masing dimensi menegak dan mendatar, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4, Andaikan nombor Reynolds untuk aliran filem peluwap adalah lamina, Res = 30 dan pekali pemindahan haba purata, fi c bus (a) Dengan menilai nisbah pemindahan haba untuk kes 1 dan kes 2, konfigurasi yang manakah anda pilih? (8 markah) (b) Tentukan pekali pemindahan haba purata, fi menggunakan hubungan: Fubvflg)" hive)” uly L47Re;"2 g (4 markah) (© Tentukan panjang, L menggunakan hubungan: — padkjhy, | agg ¥ 0.68¢,4T ax ~ T) 0.943 [ane] MT — TL (8 markah (@) Untuk laminar berombak dan ruang aliran bergolak, apakah bentuk perubahan fi, dan kadar peluwap, dengan membandingkan kes 1 dan kes 2? G90 “Ah 7 [ie a “AL set t Rajah 4 Dua konfigurasi untuk sistem pemeluwapan. (5 markah) -__SOALAN PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT - le SULIT(8MCG3723) SULIT Appendix 1 ci Ta wer oer or za 89 eee OMe acy oir oor a osc or se co 9 got! Le eet ose see sso ott ar soe o¥e e ezl One sw o8e 1 soul mez oxy see om zi at uy sree or ser out a wee soe 19 FI wee ocr oe uo weil tre st sse wil Soe sor ose GOI iE 16 se 059 OL er err ove 969 ool SP oer see 0s) ol Ger wry ove $9 @0! eS ary see on oe us oer wee m9 96 19 ory sie 9 ors 69 aut ore om 6 aoe sur soc «19 SSB aur oot 9 E656 ier sez ose 36s 698 OI very 116100 ose see 0s eset eet saeioo se owe we ee sor 5600 ov siz ms oR 8 ney 159000 sa sre we oul ace ligoo0 stu ODL OTe ott peat fe oD ae #283 sf wae ed, ot man er Om eitduieg samponpeey Aas 1H ema aupsds SESE see Tae Preimeg jo sonsodoag (eorsmydouneyy, “12. SULIT(BMcG3723) SULIT Appendix 2 Thermophysical Properties of Gases at Atmospheric Pressure T e & m1 ow 10* k- 10° aie (K) (kg/m?) (kJ/kg -K) (N+ s/ea*) (m/s) (Wim KK) (an'/s) Pr Air 100 3.5562 1.032 mA 2.00 9.34 254 0.786 150 2.3364 4.012 103.4 4.426 13.8 584 0.758 200 1.7458 = 1.007 1325 7590 18.1 103 0737 250 1.3947 .006 1596 1a 23 159 0720 300 1.1614 1007 184.6 ‘15.89 26.3 22.5 0.707 350 0.9950 1.009 208.2 20.92 30.0 29.9 0.700 400 0.8711 Loud 230.1 26.41 338 383 0.690 450 (0.7740 1.02) 250.7 32.39 373 47.2 0.686 500 0.6964 1.030 270.1 3879 40.7 36.7 0.684 550 06329 © 1.040 2884 45,57 439 66.7 0.683 600 0.5804 1.051 305.8 52.69 469 76.9 0.685 650 0.5356 1.063 3225 6021 497 873 0.690 700 (0.4975. 1.075 338.8 68.10 52.4 98.0 0.695 750 0.4643 1,087 354.6 76.37 $4.9 109 0.702 800 0.4354 1.099 309.8 84.93 573 120 0.709 850 0.4097 1.110 384.3 93.80 59.6 1 076 900 0.3868 Lt2b 398.1 1029 62.0 143 0.720 950 0.3666 131 43 112.2 64.3 155 0.723 1000 03482 1.141 4441219 66.7 168 0.726 1100 0.3166 1.159 449.0 141.8 as 195, 0.728 1200 0.2902 1.175 473.0 1629 76.3 224 0.728 1300 0.2679 1.189 496.0 185.1 82 2380719 1400 0.2488 1.207 530213 91 303 0.703 1500 0.2322 1.230 357240 100 350 0.685 1600 0.2177 1248 584 268 106 390 0.688 1700 0.2049 1.267 6il 298 113 435, 0.685 1800 0.1935 1.286 637 329 120 482 0.683 1900 0.1833 1.307 663 362 128 534 0.677 2000 0.174) 1.337 689 396 137 589 0.672 2100 0.4658 1.372 Us 431 147 646 0.667 -13- SULIT(8MCG3723) Appendix 3 SULIT Blackbody n Functions ar LyA.TWoT? aT 1A, ToT? (um-K) Fey (um K-sry! (um-K) Fenny (um K- sry! 200 0.000000 0.375034 x 107” «4.200 O.S16014 0.540304 400 0.000000 0.490335 x 10° 4.400 0.548796. 0.503253 600 0.000000 0.104046 x 10"* «4.600 0.579280 0.467343 800 0.000016 0.991125 x 10"? 4.800 0.607559 (0.433109 1,000 0.000321 0.118508 x 10° 5.000 0.633747 0.400813 1,200 0.002134 0.523927 x 10% 5.200 0.658970 0.370580 x 10"* 1.400 0.007790 0.134411 x lo 5400 0.680360 0.342445 1,600 0.019718 0.249130 5,600 0.701046 (0.316376 1800 0.039341 0.375568 5.800 0.720158 0.292301 2000 0.066728 0.493432 6000 0.737818 0.270121 2.200 0.100888. 0.589649 x 10-* 6.200 0,.754140 0.249723 x 10* 2.400 0.140256 0.658866 6400 0.765234 (0.230985 2,600 0.183120 0.701292 6600 0.783199 (0.213786 2800 0.227897 0.720239 6800 0.796129 0.198008 2,898 0.250108 0.722318 x 10-* = 7.000 o.80g109 0.183534 3000 0.273232 0.720254 x 10°¢ 7.200 0.819217 (0.170256 x 10°* 3.200 0.318102 0.708974 7400 0.829527 (0.158073 3.400 0.361735 0.681544 7.600 0.839102 (0.146891 3,600 0.403607 0.650396 7,800 0848005 0.136621 3.800 0.443382 0.615225 x 104 8.000 o.gse28g 0.127185, 4,000 0.480877 0.578064 8.500 0.874608 0.106772 x 10"* 4.200 0.516014 0.540304 9.000 0.890029 0.901463 x 10°* “4 SULIT(BMCG3723) SULIT Appendix 4 Heat transfer relationships T Condensation] Heat wansfer, Condens = =A ~T) nes = [2 exernat flow] Tube bank temperatures, 7 — 7, exp( — 7D Aligned tubes velocity, 7-7; PVN ySre,, Vine Sy Rep = Zhukauskas correlation 7 AD = © Rem pr036 (Pr/Pr,)028 Pressure drop, 2 NUbun = ko CReb Pr (Pres) ey, 7 Nu, Ap= Nur (| f Nup|w,