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Narrative Writing (SB) - PDF

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Annie Wallace

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SADDLEBACK –

4
W 4
riting
Descriptive ✓
Expository ✓
Narrative ✓
Persuasive ✓

N riting
ARRATIVE
W W

by EMILY HUTCHINSON
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
NARRATIVE
W riting
riting

4
W riting TITLES

Descriptive Writing
Expository Writing
Narrative Writing
Persuasive Writing

Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc.

Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc.

Three Watson
Irvine, CA 92618-2767
Website: www.sdlback.com

Copyright © 2005 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No

part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 1-56254-752-6

Printed in the United States of America

11 10 09 08 07 06 05 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
To the Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
LESSON 1: Friendly Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
LESSON 2: Everyday Experiences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
LESSON 3: What Happened Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Prewriting: Brainstorming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
LESSON 4: If Animals Could Talk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
LESSON 5: Travelogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
LESSON 6: “A Day in the Life of . . .” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Sentences: Fragments and Run-Ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
LESSON 7: “One Thing I’ll Always Remember” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
LESSON 8: Writing a Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
LESSON 9: Paraphrasing a Famous Fable or Folktale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Grammar: Parts of Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
LESSON 10: Writing a Plot for a Mystery Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
LESSON 11: Using Setting as a Springboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
LESSON 12: Creating Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Mechanics: Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
LESSON 13: Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
LESSON 14: Conflicts in a Narrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
LESSON 15: Climax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
LESSON 16: Tone and Mood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
LESSON 17: Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
LESSON 18: Video Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
LESSON 19: Brainstorming a Sequel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
LESSON 20: Fast Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
LESSON 21: Historical Narrative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
BASIC SKILLS PRACTICE : The Writing Process: Transitional Words
and Phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
FINAL PROJECT: Eyewitness Account: The First Thanksgiving . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

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To the Student

How about it?

Can you count on your
writing skills to make
your meaning clear?
Check yourself out
by answering the
following questions!

◗ Can you give other people easy-to-follow directions and explanations?

EXAMPLES: how to tape a TV show
how a bill becomes law

◗ Can you describe something clearly enough to create a vivid image

in the minds of your audience?
EXAMPLES: a dramatic thunderstorm
a movie star’s mansion

◗ Can you tell a story so well that your audience is fascinated from
beginning to end?
EXAMPLES: the history of baseball
the world’s worst date

◗ Can you usually persuade others to accept your opinion or take

some kind of action?
EXAMPLES: see a certain movie
register to vote

4—NARRATIVE WRITING книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

Saddleback’s WRITING 4 series will improve your written work—
no matter what your purpose is for writing. If you make your best
effort, the result will surprise you. You’ll discover that putting words
on paper isn’t that much different from saying words out loud. The
thought processes and grammatical structures are the same. Writing
is just another form of expression; skill develops with practice!
Competent writers do better at school and at work. Keep that in mind
as you work your way through these books. If you learn to write well,
you’re more likely to succeed in whatever you want to do!

Are you ready to go for it?

Follow me — I’m off and running!

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary —5

NARRATIVE WRITING
Lesson
1 Friendly Letter

When you write a narrative, you are telling a story.

Who’s a better audience for your story than a friend?
One way we tell our friends stories is by writing letters.
Good topics for letters include the interesting
things that happen to us during the day.

A. In your letter to a friend, elaborate

on this sentence: “You won’t believe
what happened today!”

Before you begin your letter, write

some notes, using the 5Ws + H
formula (who, what, when, where,
why, and how).

WHO? (Who was involved? Did you see or talk to someone you know personally,
someone you know by reputation, or a stranger? Describe the person.)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
WHAT? (What happened? What did the person say or do? What did you say or do?)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
WHEN? (When did this happen? Describe the time of day.)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
WHERE? (Where were you? Where was the other person? Describe the setting.)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
WHY? (What caused the event? Tell the reasons why the event happened.)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
HOW? (How did you react? How did the other person react? How did the situation
get resolved?) _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6—NARRATIVE WRITING книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
Lesson 1—Friendly Letter

B. Now, use the notes you wrote in Part A to help you write a friendly letter.
Because you’re writing to a friend, make sure your tone is friendly, too.
Follow these tips:

• Include details that your friend would understand, appreciate, and enjoy.

• Use figurative language (such as similes, metaphors, hyperbole, irony, or

personification) to describe characters and settings. (If you’ve forgotten
what these words mean, look them up in a dictionary.)

• Use the proper form for a friendly letter. Include the date in the upper
right area of the letter. Use a friendly greeting followed by a comma and
a friendly closing followed by a comma.

_____________________________

_______________________________

________________
(YOUR SIGNATURE)

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —7

Lesson
2 Everyday Experiences

Normal, daily happenings can be a

good source of ideas for narrative
writing. With enough detail and colorful
description, even ordinary events can
be made to sound interesting. For
example, a visit to a grocery store
might be commonplace to you. To a
baby, however, it’s a new experience
full of bright colors, lights, people,
sounds, aromas, and products. A
visitor from another country might
also find an American grocery store
quite exotic. Point of view makes
all the difference.

A. In what way might each of the following characters

experience the circumstances described? Write a sentence that expresses
the character’s unique point of view. This first one has been done as an example.

1. A four-year-old goes to her first professional baseball game with her father.
Daddy and I had fun at the ball game. We cheered for our
_________________________________________________________________________
team and ate lots of yummy treats.
_________________________________________________________________________

2. A young father takes his four-year-old to her first professional baseball game.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. A rookie steps up to the plate for his first at-bat in a professional baseball game.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. The pitcher reacts as the rookie hits a home run.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. The outfielder reacts as the ball sails over his head and into the stands.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 2—Everyday Experiences

6. A fan in the bleachers catches the home run ball.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

7. The four-year-old girl tastes her first cotton candy.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

B. Now choose an everyday experience that is familiar to you. Write about it

from six different points of view. This means trying to imagine the experience
as seen through other people’s eyes. Ask yourself how the same sights, sounds,
aromas, and tastes might seem different to different people. The answer to
this will give you ideas for your writing.

Everyday experience: _____________________________________________________

1. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

6. from ___________________________________’s point of view

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING—9
Lesson
3 What Happened Next?

Most narratives are told in chronological

order (the order in which the events Then he climbed the tower of the
occur). A good example is the narrative Old North Church,
poem “Paul Revere’s Ride” by Henry By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,
Wadsworth Longfellow. In this poem, the To the belfry-chamber overhead,
narrator tells the story of “the midnight And startled the pigeons from their perch
ride of Paul Revere” from start to finish.
On the somber rafters, that round him made
Masses and moving shapes of shade,—
A. Read the excerpt from the poem. By the trembling ladder, steep and tall,
Notice that even the slightest
To the highest window in the wall,
actions are told in chronological
Where he paused to listen and look down
order. Now you follow Longfellow’s
A moment on the roofs of the town,
example as you write about a
And the moonlight flowing over all.
historical event. Use one of the
examples below, or choose some
other event that interests you.
Make sure you retell the story in sequence—first things first, followed by
the rest. Before you begin, make some notes on the event you will cover.
• the landing of the Mayflower • Edison’s invention of the light bulb
• pioneers embark on the Oregon Trail • the first Model-T Ford takes to the road

Historical event: ___________________________________________________________

1. Who was there? __________________________________________________________
2. When did it happen? ______________________________________________________
3. What are some details of that time in history?
• How did people dress? ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
• What kinds of transportation were available then? ________________________
________________________________________________________________________
• How did people communicate over long distances? _________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4. What happened first? _____________________________________________________
5. What happened next? _____________________________________________________
6. What was the outcome? ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

10—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Lesson 3—What Happened Next?

B. Now, using your notes from Part A as a guide, retell a story from history.
You may write your story in prose or in poetry. When you are finished,
double-check the sequence of events to make sure you’ve followed chronological
order. In addition, check for completeness. Have you left out anything important?
If so, add it and write a revised version.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —11

Basic Skills Practice
Prewriting: Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a useful prewriting technique. To “brainstorm,” just jot down as
many ideas as you can about a given topic. The goal is to loosen up and get the
ideas flowing. Because several brains working together are better than just one,
brainstorming often works better in a group. Or, just brainstorm yourself!

Get together with a group and have a brainstorming session. Jot down as
many story ideas as possible about each of the following subjects.

1. adventure stories
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

2. science fiction
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

3. sea stories
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

4. coming-of-age stories (growing up)

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WRITING
Prewriting: Brainstorming

5. animal stories
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

6. historical fiction
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

7. mystery
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

8. fantasy
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________
_________________________________ _______________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —13

Lesson
4 If Animals Could Talk

If you’ve ever had a pet, you’ve probably

wondered what went on in that animal’s head.
For example, did your dog really adore you
the way he seemed to? Did your cat really
feel as aloof toward you as she seemed to?
If animals could talk, what do you think
they might say?

Suppose you visit the zoo. What

do you imagine each of the animals
might be saying to each other? What
news would they share? What problems
would they discuss? Would they talk
about the old days when they were
free in the wild? Write two sentences
that each animal might say. Use your
imagination!

1. a zebra

__________________________________________________________________________

2. a monkey
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. an alligator
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. a bear
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. a cobra
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Lesson 4—If Animals Could Talk

6. an elephant
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. a flamingo
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

8. a hippo
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

9. a koala
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

10. a lion
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

11. a rhino
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

12. a gazelle
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

13. a tiger
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

14. a camel
_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —15

Lesson
5 Travelogue

A travelogue is a narrated film about a trip. In the narration that goes along with the
film, the writer makes observations about the people and places being shown. The
observations might include the writer’s own experiences and feelings. They might also
include travel tips for anyone who might want to take the same trip.

A. Think of a familiar place. It might be a place you visited on vacation or a place in

your hometown that you visit frequently. It might even be a place you have never
visited but have read a lot about. For some ideas, see the suggestions in the box.

Mexico Egypt the Statue of Liberty a hiking trail

Florida Canada the Golden Gate Bridge Lake Tahoe
Hawaii Vermont a park near your home a ski resort
Chicago New York the White House a national park
Seattle the Alamo an amusement park the Eiffel Tower

1. What place is it? _________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. What is special about this place? __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Describe what the place looks like. _________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. What sounds might you hear at this place? _________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. What aromas might you smell here? _______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6. Describe any special tastes that are associated with the place.
__________________________________________________________________________

7. Do you need to wear any type of special clothing here? If so, describe it.
__________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 5—Travelogue

8. What kinds of photographs would a traveler be likely to take here?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

9. What tips would you give a traveler who planned a visit to this place?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

B. Suppose you have made a video of the place you described. Using your
notes, write a travelogue to accompany it. As you write, ask yourself what
a first-time traveler would want to know. Try to supply information that
would be interesting and useful to a tourist.

______________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —17

Lesson
6 “A Day in the Life of . . .”

A. What would it be like to live a more exciting, interesting

life than you live now? Try using your imagination to
describe a day in the life of a star. This person might be
outstanding in any field you choose. Some suggestions are
listed in the box. But if you have better ideas, use them!

actor pianist scientific researcher jazz musician

parent politician circus performer pop singer
artist doctor clothing designer racecar driver
model opera star CEO of a company school principal
teacher comedian professional athlete talk-show host

1. What type of work would you do? __________________________________________

2. What would you enjoy most about this kind of life? __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. What special duties or tasks would you have to take care of every day?
List three things.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. What recreation or entertainment would you enjoy as often as you could?

List three things.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. What would be the best thing about doing this kind of work? ________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. What would be the worst thing about living this life? ________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 6—“A Day in the Life of . . .”

7. Describe a typical morning, afternoon, and evening in your life. _______________

B. Using the notes you made, write a story about a day in the person’s life.
You may use either a first-person point of view (I am . . .) or a third-person
point of view (he or she is . . .).

______________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —19

Basic Skills Practice
Sentences: Fragments and Run-Ons
A fragment is part of a sentence. It does not express a complete
thought, as a sentence does. A fragment might lack a subject
or a predicate, or it might be a dependent clause.
The girl with the purple necklace. (lacks a predicate)
Wore a pair of sparkling red shoes. (lacks a subject)
Because she wanted to attract attention. (dependent clause)
To correct a fragment, simply add the part that is missing.
Possible corrections:
The girl with the purple necklace laughed.
The dancer wore a pair of sparkling red shoes.
She dressed in bright colors because she wanted
to attract attention.
A run-on is two or more sentences written as one sentence.
The girl with the purple necklace danced a jig she wore
sparkling red shoes she attracted some attention.
To correct a run-on, join the ideas, being careful to separate
them with proper punctuation. Possible corrections:
The girl with the purple necklace The girl with the purple necklace
attracted some attention as she danced danced a jig. She wore sparkling red
a jig in her sparkling red shoes. shoes and attracted some attention.

Write fragment or run-on to identify each example below. Then write a

corrected version of each partial sentence.

1. ____________________ A huge teepee.

_________________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________ Hundreds of paintings are on the walls the artist would

have been proud.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________ The show, which highlights the work of George Catlin.

_________________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________ Was exhibited at the Smithsonian American Art

Museum in Washington, D.C.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

20—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Sentences: Fragments and Run-Ons

5. ____________________ An incredible record of Native American culture.

_________________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________ Catlin portrayed American Indians as fellow human

beings rather than as savages he was one of the few
artists to do so.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

7. ____________________ Catlin’s own mother had been abducted by the Iroquois

in 1778 she was released unharmed.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

8. ____________________ Often told her son about her experience.

_________________________________________________________________________

9. ____________________ Catlin showed his early portraits to General William

Clark he asked for Clark’s help in contacting Indians in
the West.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

10. ____________________ At first was skeptical.

_________________________________________________________________________

11. ____________________ Convinced by Catlin that he was serious.

_________________________________________________________________________
12. ____________________ Clark took Catlin 400 miles up the Mississippi River
several tribes were having a council there.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

13. ____________________ Catlin began painting he was there for six years he
painted 300 portraits and about 175 landscapes and
ritual scenes.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —21
Lesson
7 “One Thing I’ll Always Remember”

A memoir is a narrative based on personal experience.

What events from your past are
especially memorable? When you write a
memoir, you usually recall details about a
specific event. Perhaps these are sensory
details: how something looked, sounded, or
tasted. Or perhaps the details involve what
other people said or did.

A. Write a sentence that you might include in

a memoir about each of the following topics:

1. a beloved pet _________________________________

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2. a favorite relative ________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. a dear friend ____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. a helpful teacher _________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. a sporting event __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6. learning a new skill _____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. a turning point ___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8. a feeling of accomplishment _______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9. a disappointment ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
22—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary
WRITING
Lesson 7—“One Thing I’ll Always Remember”

B. Now, choose one of the topics in Part A and develop it into a short memoir.
My topic is ______________________________________________________________.

Before you begin, make a list of words and phrases that might answer each
of the following questions about the topic:

1. What sights, sounds, or smells do I associate with this topic? _________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. What happened? Describe the action involved. Is my recollection a single

event or a series of events? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. Who played a role in this memory? Describe the person or persons. ___________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Write a first draft of your memoir on the lines below. When you are finished,
exchange papers with a classmate. Critique each other’s work, and then write
a revised version on a separate sheet of paper.

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —23

Lesson
8 Writing a Biography

A biography is the story of someone’s life, as written by another person. Usually,

events in a biography are written in chronological order, beginning with the subject’s
childhood. The biographer’s main goal is to give an accurate impression of the subject’s
personality. A biography might include information about any of the following:
• the subject’s ancestors • letters written to and by the subject
• the social climate of the time • anecdotes, or short narratives
• political events that took place about amusing or interesting
during the subject’s life incidents

Shedding light on your subject’s personality is the sole purpose of a biography.

Any information that does not contribute to this goal should be excluded. Suppose
you’re writing a biography of someone who lived during the Civil War, for example.
The only information about the war that you would include would be those facts
that directly affected your subject.

A. Choose a subject for a biography from the list below, or name anyone you like.

a relative of yours a pioneer a famous artist a president

a famous writer an athlete a political activist a scientist

Answer these questions about your subject:

1. What is the name of your subject? __________________________________________

2. What insight into that person’s character will be the focus of your biography?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Will information about the person’s ancestors help your reader understand
your subject? (yes or no) __________ If so, what is that information and how
does it help? ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. How was your subject educated? ___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5. How would you describe your subject’s greatest accomplishment?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
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WRITING
Lesson 8—Writing a Biography

6. What anecdote might your subject’s best friend tell about him or her?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

7. What anecdote might your subject’s mother or father tell?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

B. Now, write a few paragraphs that would be part of your biography. You may
expand on any of the answers you have already given about your subject.

______________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —25

Lesson
9 Paraphrasing a Famous Fable or Folktale

When you paraphrase, you restate an author’s ideas in different words. The purpose
of paraphrasing is to share information by clarifying the meaning for readers.
Here is an example:

ORIGINAL SENTENCE: A conceited hare boasted loudly about her ability to run fast.
PARAPHRASE: A stuck-up rabbit bragged about how fast she could run.

Read these lines from one version of a famous fable about two travelers and a bear.
Then write a paraphrase of each sentence. The first one has been done as an example:

1. A man and his friend made their way through the forest on a narrow path.
Two men were walking together through the woods on a
_________________________________________________________________________
lonely trail.
_________________________________________________________________________

2. They heard the sound of heavy feet trampling through the

underbrush up ahead.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. One of them whispered in alarm, “It could be a bear!”

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. As quickly as he could, he scrambled up a tall tree, leaving his

friend behind.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. He had barely reached the first branch when a huge brown bear
pushed aside the bushes and appeared on the path.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

6. Holding onto the tree with both arms, the first traveler refused to
help his frightened companion.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 9—Paraphrasing a Famous Fable or Folktale

7. The second traveler, terrified, threw himself on the ground and prepared to die.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

8. The bear lowered its huge head and sniffed at the man, mussing his
hair with his nose.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

9. Then, to the astonishment of both men, the wild animal walked away.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

10. The first traveler came down from the tree.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

11. In a wondering tone, he said, “It almost looked as if the bear whispered a
secret into your ear.”
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

12. “It did,” said the second traveler.

“It told me that for my next journey,
I should choose a better companion.”
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

13. The moral of the story is this:

Misfortune is the true test of friendship.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —27

Basic Skills Practice
Grammar: Parts of Speech
Recognizing parts of speech helps you use words correctly. Review these definitions:

• noun A word or phrase that • adverb a word that modifies a verb,

names a person, place, thing, an adjective, or another adverb
quality, or act quickly, very, soon
Norman, Los Angeles, football,
generosity, declaration • preposition a word or phrase that
shows the relationship of a noun to a
• pronoun a word that substitutes verb, an adjective, or another noun
for a noun at, by, between
he, she, them
• conjunction a word that connects
• verb a word or phrase that other words, phrases, or sentences
expresses action or existence and, but, or, because
dance, are
• interjection a word, phrase, or
• adjective a word that modifies sound used as an exclamation and
a noun or a pronoun capable of standing by itself
purple, third gosh, my goodness!

A. Identify each underlined word’s part of speech.

1. ________________________ Because Patrick was going on a bike trip, he
bought supplies for three days on the road.
2. ________________________ He packed a lightweight bag and took off at dawn.
3. ________________________ He rode 15 miles to Eric’s house, and the boys
continued from there.
4. ________________________ When they got to the beach, they ate their lunch.
5. ________________________ Hours later, they arrived at the city of Long Beach.
6. ________________________ They boarded the ferry to Catalina and enjoyed
the ride to the island.
7. ________________________ For three days, they biked around the island and
slept outdoors.
8. ________________________ Patrick and Eric saw a buffalo up close,
but they weren’t scared of it.
9. ________________________ Eric had a flat tire, but he was able to fix it easily.
10. ________________________ The two friends relaxed on the beach and
swam in the ocean.
11. ________________________ Alas! Too soon it was time to go home.

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WRITING
Grammar: Parts of Speech

B. Write a word to complete each sentence.

Then identify the word’s part of speech.
PART OF SPEECH

1. Achilles is a character __________________

Greek mythology. _________________________

2. When Achilles was an infant, his mother

__________________ him into a magical river. _________________________

3. __________________ was trying to make

her son immortal. _________________________

4. She held him by his heel, __________________

that part of his body didn’t get wet. _________________________

5. After that, his heel __________________ Achilles’

only body part that could be injured. _________________________

6. When Achilles grew up, he was one of

Greece’s __________________ warriors. _________________________

7. Then he was wounded in battle by an arrow

that __________________ him in the heel. _________________________

8. ! That injury caused his death. _______

9. Have you __________________ heard the

expression “Achilles’ heel”? _________________________

10. That __________________ refers to the most

vulnerable point in a person’s character. _________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —29

Lesson
10 Writing a Plot for a Mystery Story

The unknown plays an important role in every mystery story. Who did it? What was
that strange noise in the night? Will the detective find the scoundrel? Who (or what)
has been pursuing our hero so relentlessly—and why?

As you might guess, mystery writers know the answers to such questions before they
begin writing. As they write, they drop clues to the reader.

An observant reader can sometimes figure out the mystery before finishing the story.
In fact, if the ending is a complete surprise, the writer has not done a good job! After
finishing a mystery, the reader should be able to go back through the story and find
clues that hinted at the solution.

Read the following beginning of a mystery story.

Sylvia was early for her weekly lunch Just as she was getting ready to turn it in at
date with her friend Marcy. In the hotel the lost-and-found desk, an old woman came
lobby where they planned to meet, she sat up and spoke to her.
on a comfortable, deep sofa. She would “Give me back my ring!” the woman said
enjoy the 45 minutes she had to wait by in a gravelly voice.
reading her book. “This ring? Does it belong to you?” asked
When she opened the book, the pencil Sylvia.
she’d been using as a bookmark slipped out. “It belongs to anyone who can handle its
It bounced off her leg and rolled into the crack magic,” the woman said. “If you can’t handle
between the sofa’s arm and cushion. Sylvia it, then give it back to me.”
squeezed her fingers into the crack to retrieve “What are you talking about?” Sylvia
the pencil. She felt something cold and asked.
smooth, like a marble. Pulling it up, she “That is a very unusual ring,” the woman
discovered that it was a pearl ring. She went on. “Why, that ring came from . . .”
examined it, delighted at its beauty.

Now think about how you would solve the mystery. Remember to give the
reader a few hints along the way, so the ending isn’t a complete surprise.
Answer these questions before you actually write the rest of the story.

1. Who is the old woman? ___________________________________________________

2. What does she tell Sylvia about the origins of the ring?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 10—Writing a Plot for a Mystery Story

3. Is she telling the truth about the ring? __________

4. Will Sylvia give the ring to her? __________

If so, what happens next? _________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

If not, what happens next? ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Will Sylvia’s friend Marcy have

anything to do with the rest of the story? __________

If not, why not? __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

If so, what will Marcy do? ________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Now, write the rest of the story. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.
When you are finished, make up a catchy title for your story.

CATCHY TITLE: ____________________________________________________________

“That is a very unusual ring,” the woman went on. “Why, that
____________________________________________________________________________
ring came from
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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Lesson
11 Using Setting as a Springboard

Setting—a story’s time and place—is an important literary element. Details about
setting often determine details about the characters and plot. For example, if a story
is set in the mid-1800s, the characters won’t be using cars or computers. Similarly,
if a story is set in Alaska, the characters won’t be spending time in bathing suits at
the beach.

A. Read the following passages from well-known novels. Then, after each one,
answer the questions about setting.

FROM THE MARTIAN CHRONICLES BY RAY BRADBURY

Outside, the immense blue Martian sky was hilltop nearby. Large footprints came from
hot and still as a warm deep sea water. The the rocket to the door of this stone house. . . .
Martian desert lay broiling like a prehistoric After fifteen minutes the Earth men began
mud pot, waves of heat rising and shimmering. walking in and out the kitchen door, with
There was a small rocket ship reclining upon a nothing to do.

1. Where does this story take place? __________________________________________

2. Is it the past, the present, or the future? ____________________________________
How do you know this? ___________________________________________________

FROM THE SADDLEBACK ADAPTATION OF SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON BY JOHANN WYSS

Shipwrecked! But looking around, I saw that our animals on the ship needed to be fed. They were
position was by no means hopeless. The part of the frightened and hungry, having been neglected
ship that held our cabin was jammed between two during the storm. The two large dogs in the
high rocks. Luckily, it was partly raised above the captain’s cabin were thrilled when Jack let them
waves. Through clouds of mist and rain, I could see out at last. The following useful animals were also
a rocky, rugged coast. I told my frightened family on the ship: a cow, a donkey, two goats, six sheep,
that as soon as the storm ended, we would make a ram, and a fine pig. Then we found that we also
our way to the shore. . . . had ten hens and two roosters, as well as some
The storm finally ended at dawn.. . . The ducks, geese, and pigeons.

3. Describe the setting of this scene. ________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

4. What details suggest that this story takes place in the past? _________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 11—Using Setting as a Springboard

FROM THE SADDLEBACK ADAPTATION OF THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE BY STEPHEN CRANE
A cloud of fog rose slowly from the cold earth. Yankees had seen the red gleam of enemy
The rising sun revealed a camp of Union army campfires on a distant hillside. Today, they were
soldiers stretched out on the hills. Last night the hoping for some action.

5. What is the setting of this story? __________________________________________

6. How do you know this? ___________________________________________________

B. Try your own hand at establishing setting in a paragraph. Use clues about
time and place to help your reader visualize the scene. You may choose from
the following settings, or use an idea of your own.
• a cowboy town of the Old West • Paris in the 1920s
• an African village in 2004 • Los Angeles in 2992
• a California gold-mining town in 1849 • when dinosaurs lived
• a Southern plantation in 1860 • a future emergency room
• a battlefield in World War I • modern New York City

______________________________________________________

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Lesson
12 Creating Characters

Good writers make their characters seem like real people. To accomplish this goal, they
often write character descriptions based on actual people. Then, by using adjectives that
appeal to all the senses, writers artfully bring their fictional characters to life.

A. Read the following example of a character description.

THE OPENING PARAGRAPH OF LORD JIM BY JOSEPH CONRAD
He was an inch, perhaps two, under six feet, aggressive in it. It seemed a necessity, and it
powerfully built, and he advanced straight at was directed apparently as much at himself
you with a slight stoop of the shoulders, head as at anybody else. He was spotlessly neat,
forward, and a fixed from-under stare which apparelled in immaculate white from shoes
made you think of a charging bull. His voice to hat, and in the various Eastern ports where
was deep, loud, and his manner displayed a he got his living as ship-chandler’s water-clerk,
kind of dogged self-assertion which had nothing he was very popular.

Notice the adjectives that appeal to your sense of sight and hearing. You can
create characters just as interesting as Lord Jim. How? Develop descriptions
that make it easy for the reader to visualize the character. You might begin by
writing lists of adjectives from which to choose. Try it!

To complete the chart, write six adjectives to describe each character.

yourself a family member a good friend

a neighbor a co-worker a pet

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WRITING
Lesson 12—Creating Characters

B. Now choose one of the characters from the chart. Write a paragraph describing
the character. Be sure to use some of the adjectives you’ve listed.

C. Read the character descriptions below. Then build on each description by adding
more detail.

1. Not quite five feet tall, Señora Carlotta had a flat, brown, deeply wrinkled
face framed by a halo of fine, white hair. Her eyes, black and shiny as satin,
flashed with youth and strength. Knotted over her fragile, bony shoulders
was a shabby shawl, which covered her shapeless cotton dress.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Theodore’s mother was a tall blonde woman with whale-gray eyes that
matched her son’s. Her smile was as dazzling as the diamonds that sparkled
on her ears and hands whenever she moved. Her pearl-gray cashmere
sweater and silk skirt matched her elegant shoes perfectly.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —35
Basic Skills Practice
Mechanics: Spelling
Spelling errors always suggest that the writer is careless. To avoid giving this
impression, check a dictionary if you’re not sure of a word’s spelling.

A. Read each pair of words. If both words are spelled correctly, write correct
on the line. If either or both words are spelled incorrectly, rewrite them
correctly on the line.

1. busy among 8. pillow monster

building yung velvit frantick
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
2. enuff though 9. appron motive
straight rough local famous
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
3. eighth couraje 10. healed bragged
sistem although wundered threatened
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
4. boulder biskit 11. important entrance
dough freind intelligence presence
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
5. mischief pier 12. statement activvity
foreign belief argument majority
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
6. seashoar cupboard 13. comercial committee
upright thunderstorm commander confusing
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
7. citys mummies 14. occured relieve
supplies enemys conceit column
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________

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WRITING
Mechanics: Spelling

B. Circle the one misspelled word in each sentence. Write it correctly on the line.
1. The sumit of Mount Everest is 29,035 feet
above sea level. ______________________________

2. On May 29, 1953, two men compleated

climbing the mountain. ______________________________

3. The first assent of Mount Everest was

a big news story. ______________________________

4. The mountain stands on one of the

earth’s fronteers. ______________________________

5. It is part of a range that seperates

Tibet and India. ______________________________

6. The expadition that first climbed Everest

was British. ______________________________

7. Earlier attemts had been made on the

Tibet side. ______________________________

8. After World War II, Tibet was closed

to foriegners. ______________________________

9. Climbers now approatched Everest from

Nepal, to the south. ______________________________

10. A large group of Sherpa porters was

recrooted in Nepal. ______________________________

11. Tenzing Norgay, the Sherpa leader, had

an elegent manner. ______________________________

12. Edmund Hillary had lerned to climb in

the New Zealand Alps. ______________________________

13. Nobody was killed or injurred on the

1953 climb. ______________________________

14. In those days, climbing mountains was

an amatuer occupation. ______________________________

15. Today, people climb Everest on comercially

run adventures. ______________________________

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Lesson
13 Dialogue

Dialogue is conversation between story characters. The way characters speak and
the words they use make them “real” to the reader. When you write dialogue, you
can reveal a lot about a character’s personality, attitudes, and level of education.
As you read the dialogue in the box to
the right, notice the following points: “I’m having a party on Friday,” Marsha said,
• Quotation marks set off a “and I’d like you to come.”
speaker’s exact words. Jacob looked sadly at Marsha and said,
“I already have plans for Friday. I’m so sorry I’ll
• The first word of a quotation
have to miss the event.”
is capitalized.
“Oh, Jacob, I’m so disappointed,” Marsha
• Each new speaker gets a new replied. “Maybe next time?”
paragraph. “I’ll look forward to it,” Jacob said. “Your
• Words that explain who is speaking parties are always so much fun.”
go outside the quotation marks.

A. Try writing your own dialogue, making sure to use correct form. For ideas,
choose from the suggestions in the box.

Ideas for People Ideas for Topics

a brother and a sister a school project a movie
a grandparent and a grandchild a situation at home an invention
a teacher and a student future plans a book
a parent and a child the weather an election
two friends a news event fashion
an employer and an employee an argument a vacation
you and your favorite performer an athletic event a new job
two enemies an upcoming test a concert

Begin your dialogue here, and continue it on the next page.

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WRITING
Lesson 13—Dialogue

B. Now, write a dialogue to continue the following conversation. You may include
as many characters as you want. Just make sure that each one can be recognized
as a separate voice. Try to reveal differences in your characters by what they say
and how they say it.

“The train is leaving in ten minutes!” Laura exclaimed. “Hurry!”

_____________________________________________________________________________
Sam, bored as usual, answered, “What’s the big deal? I don’t even
_____________________________________________________________________________
want to go.”
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —39

Lesson
14 Conflicts in a Narrative

Every story has a conflict (problem or struggle) of some kind. Without a conflict, there
is no story. Watching the characters work out that conflict keeps a reader interested. A
story conflict can be between two people, between a person and some outside force,
or within a single character’s mind. Read these examples of conflicts:

CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE

Claire spends weekends at her dad’s house, her school assignments. All Jane thinks about is
sharing a room with her stepsister Jane. The keeping up with the latest styles in clothing and
two girls don’t get along at all. Claire is a serious music. Jane thinks Claire is boring, and Claire
student who works hard to stay on top of thinks Jane is empty-headed.

CONFLICT BETWEEN A PERSON AND AN OUTSIDE FORCE

Robert is going to his family’s cabin in falls so heavily that he can’t even open
the mountains for the weekend. He wants the door in the morning! He is snowed
to go skiing. He also plans to stock the in, and he hasn’t had time to buy groceries
cabin with food and other essentials for yet! Robert has only enough food for one
the rest of the winter. But the first night, snow more day.

CONFLICT WITHIN A PERSON’S OWN MIND

Gloria has been invited to the wedding anniversary, and Gloria is expected to attend.
of one of her best friends. Unfortunately, Everyone else in the family will be there,
the wedding will take place on the same including relatives who live 3,000 miles away.
day as her grandparents’ 50th wedding Gloria is torn between the wedding and the
anniversary. A big party is planned for the anniversary party.

A. Read the following situations. Decide whether or not each one is a conflict.
Write conflict or no conflict after each situation.
1. Joyce buys a new pair of boots, and Sunny
buys a cool pair of jeans. Later, the two friends
have lunch and admire each other’s purchases. ______________________

2. Albert and Frankie are both interested in Selena.

Each boy tells Selena bad things about the other.
Selena doesn’t know what to think. ______________________

3. Stuart needs better grades to get into college.

He heard he can get an “easy A” in music
appreciation. But that class won’t help him
pass the college entrance exam. ______________________

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Lesson 14—Conflicts in a Narrative

B. Now, write your own examples of conflicts. If you like, write about an actual
experience. Perhaps you were once in a dangerous situation or competed
with someone. If not, you may write about an imaginary situation.

CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE

CONFLICT BETWEEN A PERSON AND AN OUTSIDE FORCE

CONFLICT WITHIN A PERSON’S OWN MIND

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Lesson
15 Climax

The climax of a story is the point at which the conflict is resolved. All the action in
the story builds toward this moment. The part of a story leading up to the climax is
called the rising action. The part after the climax is called the falling action.

Sometimes a story’s climax is a surprise to the reader. But remember that a story
with a surprise ending should not come as a complete surprise. Hints should appear
somewhere in the story to give the reader clues. The ending has to be consistent
with the characters and how they would act.

King Midas was a kind but foolish man who

lived in Greece long ago. One day, in exchange for
a kindness, he was granted a wish. Without
thinking of the consequences of his wish, King
Midas asked that everything he touched would
turn to gold. The “golden touch,” as it was called,
made him very rich.
Unfortunately, however, even his food and
drink turned to gold. He could not eat or drink. But
the worst thing was what happened when his
daughter ran to hug him. She, too, turned to gold!
Finally, King Midas begged to have his golden
touch removed. When he was granted this second
wish, his daughter was restored to life.

A. Read the story above and then answer the following questions:
1. Who is the main character? ______________________________________________

2. What is the conflict in this story? __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the climax of the story? ___________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 15—Climax

B. Now, take notes for an original story.

1. Write a sentence describing the conflict. ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. List the characters, and give a brief description of each one.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Write a brief outline of the events (both before and after the climax).
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. Write a sentence telling how the conflict will be resolved. ____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Begin your story here. Use additional sheets of paper as necessary.

Write a first draft, then edit it. Next, trade stories with a classmate,
asking for suggestions for improvement. Then, make a final copy of
your story, and share it by reading it aloud.

A. Use a dictionary to find the meaning of each word. Write the definition on the
first line. Then, use the word in a sentence of your own on the second line.

1. astute ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. commodity ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. effigy____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
4. grandiose _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. inducement _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
6. consensus _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
7. jargon __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
8. oblivious ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
9. quire ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
10. expatriate ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
11. umbrage _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
12. chivalry ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Vocabulary

Another tool for improving your vocabulary is a thesaurus. Instead of definitions, word
origins, and pronunciations, a thesaurus lists synonyms for words. In some cases, a
thesaurus will also list antonyms for words.

B. Here are two thesaurus entries for the word increase. Choose eight of the
synonyms given for increase, and write a sentence using each one.

increase n. development, spread, swell, increase v. extend, enlarge, expand, dilate, broaden,
enlargement, expansion, escalation, boost, widen, thicken, deepen, heighten, build, lengthen,
elaboration, swelling, addition, incorporation, magnify, add on, augment, escalate, let out, branch
merger, inflation, heightening, extension, out, further, mark up, sharpen, build up, raise,
dilation, multiplication, deepening, hike, enhance, amplify, reinforce, supplement, annex,
amplification, progression, improvement, double, triple, stretch, multiply, intensify, prolong,
jump, boom. exaggerate, redouble, boost, step up, rev up.
—Ant. reduction, decline, decrease. —Ant. decrease, reduce, abridge.

1. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

7. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

8. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —45

Lesson
16 Tone and Mood

Tone and mood are related terms. When you write a narrative, your voice expresses a
certain tone, or attitude, toward your subject. Your tone might be formal or informal,
serious or playful. It may be somber, ironic, condescending, intimate, sad, thoughtful, or
one of many other possible attitudes. The writer’s tone creates an overall feeling or
atmosphere in the story.

The following paragraphs are about the same subject—a young person leaving home.
Notice the different tone and mood as you read each paragraph.

Full of bitterness and dark thoughts, young Samuel

trudged on and on. The diner up ahead made only a dim
glow against the gray background of twilight. Beyond the
diner, almost as far as the horizon, he could see the railway
station on a small hill. He wept with sorrow and regret to be
leaving this place, his home for the past seven years.

Her heart fluttering with excitement, Arielle skipped,

nearly dancing, toward the diner. Its cheerful light gleamed
in the dusk. Somehow it seemed like a symbol of hope for
her future. Farther on, she could see the railway station on
the hill. How delighted she was to be leaving this place, her
home for the past seven years.

A. 1. Write five words from the first paragraph that contribute to the
sorrowful tone.
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Write five words of your own that the author could have used to create a
sorrowful tone.
__________________________________________________________________________

3. Write five words from the second paragraph that contribute to the joyful tone.
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Write five words of your own that the author could have used to create a
joyful tone.
__________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
Lesson 16—Tone and Mood

B. Now, write two paragraphs of your own, using different tones to describe similar
scenes or situations. Ideas for topics and tones are in the box. Choose one topic
and two tones. If you prefer, you may use your own topic and your own ideas for
two different tones.

Possible Topics Possible Tones

getting a new hairstyle compassionate regretful joyful
discovering a new insect wondering ashamed angry
buying a pair of sunglasses humorous sorrowful tender
getting caught in a tornado horror-stricken delighted proud
hiking in a wilderness area desperate resentful ironic
going deep-sea fishing disappointed worried informal
going to a Renaissance fair awe-inspiring fearful confused
inventing a time-saver respectful formal frightened

■ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —47

Lesson
17 Style

Good writing has style. Like style in clothing fashions, writing style expresses a person’s
individuality. Word choice, sentence structure and variety, and rhythm are all part of a
writer’s style. Imagery, emphasis, and arrangement of ideas are also contributing factors.

Notice the different styles in these two passages:

FROM THE CALL OF THE WILD BY JACK LONDON

and spread
From every hill slope came the trickle sections of ice fell through bodily into the
of running water, the music of unseen fountains. river. And amid all this bursting, rending,
All things were thawing, bending, snapping. throbbing of awakening life, under the blazing
The Yukon was straining to break loose the sun and through the soft-sighing breezes, like
ice that bound it down. It ate away from wayfarers to death, staggered the two men, the
beneath; the sun ate from above. Air holes woman, and the huskies.
formed, fissures sprang apart, while thin

FROM THE HOBBIT BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN

They had not been riding very long when up or sang songs as they rode forward all day, except
came Gandalf very splendid on a white horse. He of course when they stopped for meals. These
had brought a lot of pocket-handkerchiefs, and didn’t come quite as often as Bilbo would have
Bilbo’s pipe and tobacco. So after that the party liked them, but still he began to feel that
went along very merrily, and they told stories adventures were not so bad after all.

Both passages are based on the travels of a group of characters. In the first example,
the author emphasizes the surroundings, describing nature in quite poetic terms. In the
second, the author emphasizes what the characters are doing and how they feel about it.

Try your own hand at writing in different styles. Follow the suggestions below.

1. Write a paragraph describing the seasonal changes that take place in nature.
Try to use a poetic style, full of sensory imagery, as in the first example.

48—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Lesson 17—Style

2. Write a paragraph describing a group of friends on a trip. They might

be walking, driving, riding bikes, or whatever you wish. Use a merry,
lighthearted style, as in the second example.

3. Write a paragraph explaining a familiar scientific concept (e.g., evaporation,

gravity, etc.). Write in a straightforward, explanatory manner similar to the
style used in a science book or an encyclopedia.

4. Write a paragraph describing a funny incident that happened to you

or to someone you know. Use a humorous style that seems appropriate
to the story.

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —49

Lesson
18 Video Script

How does an idea for a TV show or movie get from the writer’s brain to the screen?
The process involves a series of steps resulting in a script. A script is the written
version of the idea, complete with directions for camera angles, lighting, and acting.
It might also include descriptions
of sets and costumes. To describe
.
camera shots, writers use ay the money, Andrew
Bertha: He gave aw
abbreviations such as INT., at money?
An dr ew : Who gave away wh
for interior, and EXT., for ve
Be rt ha : The insurance money. William ga
exterior, to show where the
scene takes place. it all away.
ay?
f): No! He gave it aw
Andrew (in disbelie
As you read the example on the u that he made an
Be rt ha: He would tell yo
right, notice the following points: ade it with a man
investment. But he m
have trusted.
• The name of the speaker is even a dog wouldn’t
printed in boldface.
CUT TO:
DROOM, LISTENING
• Actors’ stage directions are printed in INT.--WILLIAM IN BE ne?
italics and enclosed in parentheses. : And the money is go
Andrew (offscreen)
Gone. All of it.
• Camera directions are printed Bertha (offscreen):
in capital letters and set
off from the dialogue.

Write your own scene for a video script. For your scene, choose a memorable day
in your life. It could be winning a game, a family event, or a time you received
good news or bad news. Feel free to make up details and add new characters to
make the scene more interesting.
Before you begin, outline your scene by answering these questions:

1. What happened?

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Who was involved?

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Where did it take place?

__________________________________________________________________________

50—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Lesson 18—Video Script

Begin by developing your characters in your own mind. Remember that a

writer reveals the characters’ personalities through their dialogue and actions
as well as by the comments and actions of other characters. Complete a chart
like this one for each character in your scene. Choose details that help you
imagine how each character looks, sounds, and behaves.

Character’s name: ______________________________ Age: _

Male or female: _____________ Hair: ____________ Eyes: _____________
Physical type: ___________________ Personality: _____________________
Clothes: ________________________________________________________
Favorite foods: ___________________________________________________
Favorite activities: ________________________________________________
What character wants: _____________________________________________
What character dislikes: ____________________________________________

Now write appropriate dialogue between your characters. Be aware that

conversational language may include slang, contractions, and incomplete
sentences. Include stage and camera directions about actors’ delivery, settings,
costumes, and movements.

Begin your video script here. Use additional sheets of paper as necessary
to complete your first draft. Then, trade scripts with a classmate and discuss
different dialogue options for each character. Use another sheet of paper for
your final copy.

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —51

Basic Skills Practice
Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
Choosing vivid adjectives and adverbs is an effective way to make your writing livelier.
Review these definitions and examples:

• Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns. They can make ideas clearer
by telling which one, what kind, or how many.
the first contestant a sweet peach fourteen turtles
• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They can make
ideas clearer by telling how, when, where, how often, or to what extent.
danced gracefully arrived tonight drove there very sincere

Rewrite each of the following sentences.

Add at least one adjective and one adverb
to make the ideas clearer. Then, identify each
adjective and adverb and tell what it does.

EXAMPLE:

The alarm clock buzzed.

The dependable alarm clock buzzed

____________________________________________
loudly. dependable: adjective telling
____________________________________________
what kind; loudly: adverb telling how
____________________________________________

1. Devon thought of a photograph he had seen.

2. The picture was of a mother and her children.

3. The woman had lost her husband.

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WRITING
Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs

4. The children were hungry.

5. The photo gave an impression of the Great Depression era.

6. A photographer can reveal information about a time in history.

7. The farmers facing a drought had terrible problems.

8. Loss of a farm could bring disaster to a family.

9. The spirit of the people shines through the photograph.

10. Pictures can speak louder than words.

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —53

Lesson
19 Brainstorming a Sequel

Sometimes a writer or filmmaker produces a

sequel, or a continuation of a popular story.
Why? Readers and filmgoers often become
attached to a good story’s characters. They
wonder what might happen to them next.

A. Most books or movies do not have a

sequel, of course. Here’s your chance
to brainstorm ideas for a sequel to
one of your favorite books or movies.

First, make a list of your favorite

books, stories, or movies. List at
least six titles.

1. __________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________________

Now, go back and circle the one title you think should be followed with a
sequel. List the most important characters, and write a brief description of
each one’s personality.

What do you think each character might do next?

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WRITING
Lesson 19—Brainstorming a Sequel

What new characters might be introduced into the sequel? Name and describe them.

1. _________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________________

B. Now use your imagination to write a summary of a possible sequel. Briefly list
the main events in the continuing story. Mention each character’s participation in
the developing plot. Pretend that you’re trying to get a contract from a publisher
or a film studio. Your goal is to make your sequel seem interesting and exciting
enough for someone else to want to pay for it.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —55

Lesson
20 Fast Forward

Many people have what they call a “five-year plan.” That means they picture
where they want to be in five years and then make plans to achieve that goal.
It’s also useful for young people to picture where they will be in 25 years!

A. Answer these questions about yourself, 25 years in the future.

1. How old will you be then? How will your appearance have changed?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. What will you be doing for a living? _______________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

3. Will you be married or single? What will your partner be like?

4. Will you be a parent? __________ If so, what are your children’s names and how
old are they? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

5. Where will you be living? Describe your residence and tell where it is located.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

6. Outside of work, what will be your main interests or hobbies?________________

_________________________________________________________________________

7. What about your parents, siblings, and other family members? Describe your
future relationship with them. ____________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

56—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
Lesson 20—Fast Forward

8. What will your friends be like? Name and describe two friends in your future.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

9. What will you be doing for exercise? Describe your activities.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

B. Based on your answers about your future, write two diary entries you might write
in 25 years.

Dear Diary: Date:___________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —57

Lesson
21 Historical Narrative

What do you think inanimate objects might say if they could speak? Imagine for a
moment that you are an inanimate object such as a golden ring, an old flag, or a city
street. How would you see the world? What would happen to you from day to day?
What kinds of changes might you see over a very long period of time?

Write an historical narrative from the point of view of four inanimate

objects. Write what each object might say about its experiences. Use the
first-person point of view. (That means you will refer to yourself with the
pronouns I, me, my, and mine.)

1. What might a dollar bill say about all the places it’s been and the different
people it’s seen?

2. How would an old house respond if asked about its history?

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WRITING
Lesson 21—Historical Narrative

3. What would a big tree say about

the people and animals who have
enjoyed its shade, fruit, and foliage?

4. If you asked a small neighborhood store about its history, what would it say?

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —59

Basic Skills Practice
The Writing Process: Transitional Words and Phrases
A transition is the process of moving or changing from one thing to another. When
you write a paragraph, you move from one sentence to the next. Skillful writers use
transitional words and phrases to join their sentences. Of course, you won’t be using
transitional words and phrases in every sentence. You use them only when they are
necessary for a smooth flow of ideas.

Here’s a list of some transitional words and phrases you can use in your writing.
You might be able to think of many more.

TO SHOW LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS

another thus on the other hand for this reason in addition

as a result but most importantly for example however
even so also in comparison furthermore although
in fact unlike nevertheless in like manner similarly
at least despite in the same way in conclusion therefore
indeed because most of all on the contrary consequently

TO SHOW TIME RELATIONSHIPS

at first then next some time later at last

shortly as a little later that afternoon afterward
earlier later as long as at the same time as soon as
until now meanwhile during that time one morning
finally soon after that immediately before long

Rewrite each pair of sentences, using a transitional word or phrase to make the
meaning clearer. You may combine the sentences into one or keep them separate.
If you need to, add or change some words to make the sentences flow smoothly.

1. Danielle decided to become physically fit. She joined a gym.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. George did not really enjoy gyms. He joined Danielle’s gym.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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WRITING
The Writing Process: Transitional Words and Phrases

3. The gym offered aerobics classes. It offered yoga classes.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

4. Danielle was interested in yoga. She attended a few classes.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. Danielle practiced yoga for several months. She lifted weights.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. George signed up for yoga. He didn’t enjoy it.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

7. He thought yoga was boring. He thought basketball was fun.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

8. Danielle enjoyed swimming. George did not.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

9. Lynne was an excellent yoga instructor.

She emphasized the importance of concentration.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________

10. George thought Lynne’s class was silly.

He thought the weight room was
much more useful.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —61

Final Project
Eyewitness Account: The First Thanksgiving
Follow these steps to write an eyewitness account of an important event:

1. Prewriting: Choose a point of view.

An eyewitness account will, of course, be written from the first-person point
of view. The person telling the story will use the pronouns I, me, my, mine,
and myself. Consider these questions:

• Do you want to tell

the story of the first
Thanksgiving from
the point of view of
a Pilgrim or a Native
American?
• Will your speaker be
a child or an adult?
• Will your speaker be
male or female?
• What will be your
speaker’s role in the
first Thanksgiving?

Describe your speaker here:

2. Prewriting: Gathering Details

Before you write your first draft, gather details for your eyewitness
account. Use a variety of sources, such as history books, art, online
encyclopedias, the Internet, and so on. You might also want to interview
someone with special knowledge about the subject, such as a history
teacher. Take notes on separate note cards, identifying the source of the
information. Be sure to take accurate and careful notes. Why? You might
need to cite the source in footnotes and a bibliography.

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WRITING
Eyewitness Account: The First Thanksgiving

3. Prewriting: Organizing Information

Now, organize your cards into sections of related information. As you read
through your cards, ask yourself how your eyewitness will be affected by the
information. For example, if your eyewitness is an adult Pilgrim female, her
job might have been to prepare pies
for the feast. Does your information
provide details about the kinds of
pies that were served or the way
they were baked? If necessary,
eliminate notes that do not apply
to your eyewitness’s point of view.

You may want to incorporate the

point of view of another character
by adding dialogue. For example,
suppose your eyewitness is a
Native American boy. He might
have a conversation with an adult
Pilgrim. This would add more
than a one-dimensional view
to your account.

4. Drafting
After organizing your notes, you can begin a first draft of your
eyewitness account. Follow these tips as you write:

• Keep your eyewitness in mind. How would he or she view the

events of the day?

• Refer to your note cards for accurate information.

• Get your ideas down on paper quickly. Don’t worry about

every little detail of mechanics. You can polish your work later.

• Write a strong opening to capture the reader’s attention.

• Now develop the body of your story by working in the information

you have gathered. You can use facts about the participants, menu,
weather, and so on.

• Use your imagination to add dialogue that is consistent with the facts.

• Write an effective conclusion. You might end with some strong

dialogue, a prediction made by the eyewitness, or an inspiring
observation about the day.

книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary NARRATIVE WRITING —63

Eyewitness Account: The First Thanksgiving

5. Revising and Editing

Carefully review your work. Look for areas that need improvement, and begin
to revise. Ask yourself questions like these:

• Is it clear who the eyewitness is?

• Does the entire account sound as if it were seen through one person’s eyes?

• Does the style of the writing suit the audience?

• Is the body of your account well-organized?

• Within paragraphs in the body, are all topic sentences clear and
well-supported by details?

• Can transitional words and phrases be added to improve the flow

of the story?

6. Give your narrative to a peer and invite him or her to review it.
Offer to do the same for your classmate. By offering and accepting input,
both of you will improve your chances of writing a good story!

7. Proofread your work.

Make sure that the spelling,
grammar, and mechanics are
correct. These kinds of mistakes
can be distracting to your reader.

8. Make a final copy and publish it.

You can “publish” your eyewitness
account in a variety of ways. Here
are some ideas:

• Read your paper orally.

• Before a small group, act out

the events described in your
eyewitness account.

• Post a copy on a bulletin board

in the classroom, or an electronic
bulletin board.

• Write an e-mail to your friends,

attaching a copy of your eyewitness
account.

64—NARRATIVE книга выложена группой vk.com/englishlibrary

WRITING
SADDLEBACK
–

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