Chapter 13 Solutions Manual

CHAPTER 13
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

OVERVIEW OF BRIEF EXERCISES, EXERCISES, PROBLEMS, AND CRITICAL
THINKING CASES
Brief Learning
Exercises Topic Objectives Skills
B. Ex. 13.1 Cash flows from operations (direct) 3 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.2 Cash flows from operations (indirect) 7 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.3 Cash flows from operations (direct) 3 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.4 Cash flows from operations (indirect) 7 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.5 Cash flows from investing activities 4 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.6 Cash flows from financing activities 4 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.7 Cash payment for goods 3 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.8 Determining beginning cash balance 2 Analysis
B. Ex. 13.9 Reconciling profit to cash from 6 Analysis
operations
B. Ex. 13.10 Prepare statement of cash flows 2 Analysis
Learning
Exercises Topic Objectives Skills
13.1 Using a cash flow statement 1, 2 Analysis, communication
13.2 Using a cash flow statement 1, 2, 6 Analysis, communication
13.3 Using noncash accounts to compute cash 4 Analysis
flows
13.4 Relationship between accrual and cash 3, 6 Analysis, communication
flows
13.5 Accrual versus cash flows 3 Analysis
13.6 Investing activities and interest revenue 3, 4 Communication
13.7 Format of a cash flow statement 2 Analysis

13.8 Cash effects of business strategies 8 Analysis,
communication,
13.9 Indirect method 6, 7 judgment
Analysis, communication
13.10 Indirect method 7 Analysis
13.11 Classification of cash flows 2 Analysis
13.12 Classification of cash flows 2 Analysis
13.13 Cash flows from investing activities 4 Analysis,
communication,
13.14 Cash flows from financing activities 4 judgment
Analysis,
communication,
13.15 Real World: adidas AG, 1, 2, 4 judgment
Analysis,
Herzogenaurach communication,
judgment, research
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

CH 13-Overview
Analysis,
communication,
judgment, research

CH 13-Overview
Problems Learning
Sets A, B Topic Objectives Skills
13.1 A,B Preparing a statement of cash flows— 2–4 Analysis

direct method (short)
13.2 A,B Investing activities 4 Analysis
13.3 A,B Investing activities 4 Analysis, communication,
judgment
13.4 A,B Cash flow from operating activities— 3, 8 Analysis, communication,
direct method judgment
13.5 A,B Cash flow from operating activities— 6, 7 Analysis, communication,
indirect method judgment
13.6 A,B Preparing a statement of cash flows— 2–4, 6, 8 Analysis, communication,
direct method; comprehensive judgment
13.7 A,B Preparing a worksheet and statement 1–9 Analysis, communication,
of cash flows; evaluate the judgment
company’s liquidity-indirect method.
13.8 A,B Preparing a worksheet and statement 1–9 Analysis, communication,
of cash flows; evaluate the company’s judgment
financial position—indirect method.
Critical Thinking Cases

13.1 Using a statement of cash flows 1 Analytical, communication,
judgment
13.2 Budgeting at a personal level 1, 8 Analytical, communication,
judgment
13.3 Window dressing; effects on 1, 4, 8 Analytical, communication,
profit and net cash flow judgment
13.4 Peak pricing 8 Analytical, communication,
judgment
13.5 Disclosure of the Statement of 3 Analytical, communication,
Cash Flows judgment
13.6 Real World: CLP Holdings, Hysan 2–4 Analytical, communication,

Cash Flow Analysis judgment, research
(Internet)

CH 13-Overview (p.2)
DESCRIPTIONS OF PROBLEMS AND CRITICAL THINKING CASES
Below are brief descriptions of each problem and case. These descriptions are accompanied by the
estimated time (in minutes) required for completion and by a difficulty rating. The time estimates assume
use of the partially filled-in working papers.
Problems (Sets A and B)
13.1 A,B Wong Company/Best Company 30 Medium
Prepare a statement of cash flows. Emphasis is on format of the
statement, with computations held to a minimum. However,
sufficient computations are required to assure that students are
able to distinguish between cash flows and accrual basis
measurements. Uses the direct method.
13.2 A,B New World Co./Admiralty Fashions 25 Easy

Prepare the investing activities section of a statement of cash
flows by analyzing changes in balance sheet accounts and gains
and losses reported in the income statement.
13.3 A,B Hayes Export Co./RPZ Imports 25 Easy

Prepare the investing activities section of a statement of cash
flows. Problem demonstrates how this section of the financial
statement can be prepared by analyzing income statement amounts
and changes in balance sheet accounts.
13.4 A,B Galaxy Co./Royce Interiors Co. 30 Medium

Prepare the operating activities section of a statement of cash
flows from accounting records maintained using the accrual basis
of accounting. Students also are to explain how more efficient
asset management could increase cash flow provided by operating
activities. Uses the direct method. (Problem *13–5 uses the same
data but requires use of the indirect method.)
13.5 A,B Galaxy Co. (Indirect)/Royce Interiors Co. (Indirect) 25 Medium

Using the data provided in Problem 13.4 A,B, prepare the
operating activities section of a statement of cash flows using the
indirect method.
13.6 A,B 21st Century Technologies/Golden Technologies 45 Strong

A comprehensive problem covering conversion from the accrual
basis to the cash basis and preparation of a statement of cash
flows. Uses the direct method.

Description Problems
Problems (cont'd)
13.7 A,B Satellite 2011/CONNECT 60 Strong (P13.7A)

A comprehensive problem covering all learning objectives. 40 Strong (P13.7B)
P13.7A includes a worksheet, the indirect method, and analysis of
the company’s financial position. P13.7B does not include a
worksheet and uses the indirect method. We assign this to groups
and let them deal with the worksheet mechanics on their own.
13.8 A,B Miracle Tool Co./Extra-Ordinaire Co. 60 Strong

A comprehensive problem covering all learning objectives.
Includes a worksheet, the indirect method, and analysis of the
company’s financial position. We assign this to groups and let
them deal with the worksheet mechanics on their own.

Description Problems (p.2)
Critical Thinking Cases
13.1 Another Look at Allison Company 25 Strong
Students are asked to review the cash flow statement of Allison
Company (the company used as an example throughout the chapter)
and to evaluate the company's ability to maintain its present level of
dividends.
13.2 Cash Budgeting for You as a Student 15 Easy

A simple case that illustrates the usefulness of cash budgeting in the
environment of a college student.
13.3 Lookin' Good? 45 Medium

An automobile manufacturer is in serious financial difficulty, and
management is considering several proposals to increase reported
profit and net cash flow. Students are asked to evaluate the probable
effects of each proposal. This case can lead into an open-ended
discussion of “window dressing” in annual statements.
13.4 Peak Pricing 15 Easy

Students are to discuss various aspects of peak pricing and discuss
how it might be applied in specific situations. Also, they are to
describe situations in which peak pricing might be considered
unethical.
13.5 Disclosure of the Statement of Cash Flows 20 Medium
Students explore the website of the Securities & Future Commission

and locate a Consultation Conclusion in which disclosure
requirements of the statement of cash flows are referred.
13.6 Comparing Cash Flow Information from Two Companies 30 Medium

Internet
Visit a website that actually provides assistance in preparing cash
budgets and statements of cash flows.

Desc. of Cases
SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. The primary purpose of a statement of cash flows is to provide information about the cash
receipts and cash payments of a business. A related purpose is to provide information about the
investing and financing activities of the business.
2. The income statement provides the better measurement of profitability, especially when the
business
business is financially sound and short-run survival is not the critical issue. The statement of cash
flows is designed for measuring solvency, not profitability. An income statement, on the other
hand, is specifically designed to measure profitability but gives little indication of solvency.
3. Two supplementary schedules usually accompany a statement of cash flows prepared by the direct
method. One discloses the noncash aspects of financing and investing activities, such as the
purchase of land in exchange for a note payable or the conversion of preference shares into
ordinary shares. The other schedule itemizes the differences between profit and net cash flow
from operations.
4. Examples of cash receipts and of cash payments in the three major classifications of a cash flow
statement are shown below (two receipts and two payments required):
a. Operating activities:
Receipts:
(1) Cash receipts from customers.
(2) Dividends and interest received.
Payments:
(1) Cash paid to suppliers and employees.
(2) Interest paid.
(3) Income taxes paid.
b. Investing activities: c. Financing activities:
Receipts: Receipts:
(1) Sales of investments. (1) Short-term or long-term borrowing.
(2) Collecting loans. (2) Issuance of share capital.
(3) Sales of property, plant and
equipment.
Payments: Payments:
(1) Purchases of investments. (1) Repayment of debt.
(2) Lending cash. (2) Retirement of outstanding shares.
(3) Purchases of property, plant (3) Payment of dividends.
and equipment.
5. Net cash from operating activities generally reflects the cash effects of transactions entering into
the determination of profit. Because FASB considers that interest revenue and interest expense
enter into the determination of profit, these items are classified as operating activities in the
United States.
6. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known
amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Examples of
cash equivalents are money market funds, commercial paper, and US Treasury bills that will
mature within three months©from the acquisition date.
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010
Q1-6
Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known
amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Examples of
cash equivalents are money market funds, commercial paper, and US Treasury bills that will
mature within three months from the acquisition date.

Q1-6
7. A money market fund is viewed as a cash equivalent. For purposes of preparing a statement of cash
flows, transfers of cash into or out of cash equivalents are not viewed as cash payments or receipts.
Therefore, the transfer of cash into a money market fund will not appear in a statement of cash
flows.
8. In the long run, it is most important for a business to have positive cash flows from operating
activities. To a large extent, the ability of a business to generate positive cash flows from financing
activities is dependent upon its ability to generate cash from operations. Investors are reluctant to
invest money in a business that does not have an operating cash flow sufficient to assure interest
and dividend payments.
Also, a business cannot sustain a positive cash flow from investing activities over the long run. A
company can only sell productive assets for a limited period of time. In fact, a successful and
growing company will often show a negative cash flow from investing activities, as the company is
increasing its investment in property, plant and equipment.
9. Among the classifications shown in the cash flow statement, a successful and growing company is
least likely to report a positive cash flow from investing activities. A growing company is usually
increasing its investment in property, plant and equipment, which generally leads to a negative cash
flow from investing activities. If the company is successful and growing, however, the cash flows
from operating activities and from financing activities usually are positive.
10. No; a statement of cash flows summarizes the effects of cash transactions, but ledger accounts are
maintained by the accrual basis of accounting. Therefore, the balances of ledger accounts must be
adjusted to the cash basis in order to determine the items and amounts appearing in a statement of
cash flows.
11. Cash collected from customers may be computed as follows:

Net sales …………………………………………………………………………. $ 925,000
Less: Increase in accounts receivable ($162,000 – $80,000) ……………………… 82,000
Cash collected from customers ……………………………………………………. $ 843,000
The logic behind this computation is that sales resulting in an increase in accounts receivable have
not been collected in cash and, therefore, do not represent cash receipts in the current period.
12. The caption “Cash paid to suppliers and employees” includes two basic elements: (1) cash paid (to
suppliers) for purchases of goods, and (2) cash paid for operating expenses (expenses other than
interest and taxes), including salaries to employees.
13. Profit may differ from the net cash from operating activities as a result of such factors as:
(1) Depreciation and other noncash expenses that enter into the determination of profit.
(2) Short-term timing differences between the cash basis and accrual basis of accounting. These
include changes in the amounts of accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses,
accounts payable, and accrued liabilities.
(3) Nonoperating gains and losses that, although included in the measurement of profit, are
attributable to investing or financing activities rather than to operating activities.

Q7-13
14. The direct method identifies the major operating sources and uses of cash, using such captions as
“Cash receipts from customers.” The indirect method, on the other hand, reconciles profit to the net
cash from operating activities by showing a series of adjustments to the profit figure.
Both methods result in exactly the same net cash from operating activities.
15. Payments of accounts payable are viewed as operating activities and are included in the caption
“Cash paid to suppliers and employees.”
16. One purpose of a statement of cash flows is to provide information about all the investing and
financing activities of a business. Although the acquisition of land by issuing share capital does not
involve a receipt or payment of cash, the transaction involves both investing and financing activities.
Therefore, these activities are disclosed in a supplementary schedule that accompanies the statement
of cash flows.
17. The credit to the Land account indicates a sale of land and, therefore, a cash receipt. However, the
$220,000 credit represents only the cost (book value) of the land that was sold. This amount must be
adjusted by any gain or loss recognized on the sale in order to reflect the amount of cash received.
18. Credits to share capital accounts usually indicate the issuance of additional shares. Assuming that
these shares were issued for cash, the transaction would be presented in the financing activities
section of a statement of cash flows as follows:
Proceeds from issuance of shares ($12,000,000 + $43,500,000) …………… $ 55,500,000

19. The amount of cash dividends paid during the current year may be determined as follows:
Dividends declared during the year ……………………………………………. $ 4,300,000
Add: Decrease during the year in the liability for dividends payable
($1,500,000  $900,000) ………………………………………………………. 600,000
Dividends paid during the year ………………………………………………… $ 4,900,000
20. Free cash flow is that portion of the net cash from operating activities that is available for
discretionary purposes after the basic obligations of the business have been met.
From a short-term creditor’s point of view, free cash flow is a “buffer,” indicating that the business
brings in more cash than it must have to meet recurring commitments. Long-term creditors view free
cash flow as evidence of the company’s ability to meet interest payments and to accumulate funds for
the eventual retirement of long-term debt.
From the shareholders’ viewpoint, free cash flow indicates a likelihood of future dividend increases
or, perhaps, expansion of the business, which will increase future profitability.
Management views free cash flow positively because it is available for discretionary purposes rather
than already committed to basic operations.
In summary, everyone associated with the business views free cash flow favorably—and the more, the
better.

Q14-20
21. A cash budget is a forecast of expected future cash flows. It usually shows the expected cash flows of
each department within the organization, month by month, for the coming year.
Budgets are useful to management in many ways. The very act of preparing a budget forces
management to plan and coordinate the activities of all departments. During the year, it advises
managers of the resources available to them and the results they are expected to achieve. It also serves
as a basis for evaluating actual performance, and provides advance warning of impending cash
shortages.
22. Peak pricing means charging higher prices in periods in which customer demand exceeds the
company’s capacity, and lower prices in “off-peak” periods. This serves the dual purposes of
increasing revenue during peak periods, and allowing the business to serve more customers by shifting
excess demand to off-peak periods.
Common examples include restaurants, which charge higher prices at dinner time, and movie theaters,
which offer low matinee prices during the daytime.
23. An effective product mix is one that generates more sales, both by attracting more customers and
inspiring customers to purchase more products.
24. Speeding up the collection of accounts receivable does not increase the total amount collected. Rather,
it merely shifts collections to an earlier time period. The only period(s) in which cash receipts actually
increase are those in which collections under both the older and newer credit periods overlap.

Q21-24
SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES
B.Ex. 13.1
Cash flows from operating activities:
(in thousands)
Cash receipts from customers $240,000
Cash received for interest and dividends 50,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees (127,000)
Net cash from operating activities $163,000
B.Ex. 13.2 Profit $4,300,000

Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash from operations:
Depreciation expense $670,000
Increase in accounts receivable (350,000)
Increase in accounts payable 560,000 880,000
Net cash from operating activities $5,180,000
B.Ex. 13.3
Cash receipts from customers $7,500,000
Cash paid to purchase inventory (3,350,000)
Cash paid to employees (2,300,000)
B.Ex. 13.4 Profit $6,660,000

Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash from operations:
Increase in accounts receivable ($500,000)
Decrease in inventory 230,000
Decrease in accounts payable (550,000)
Increase in accrued expenses payable 140,000 (680,000)
B.Ex. 13.5
Cash used for investing activities:
Cash paid for investments $(450,000)
Cash paid for PPE assets (1,270,000)
Proceeds from sales of PPE assets 660,000
Net cash used in investing activities ($1,060,000)

BE13.1,2,3,4,5
B.Ex. 13.6
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares $5,600,000

Proceeds from issuing preference shares 360,000
Cash paid to purchase treasury shares (350,000)
Cash paid for dividends (240,000)
Net cash from financing activities $5,370,000
B.Ex. 13.7 Cash payments for purchases:
Cost of goods sold $1,001,000

Add: Increase in inventory
($430,000 – $350,000) 80,000
Deduct: Increase in accounts payable
($300,000 – $230,000) (70,000)
Net cash payments for purchases $1,011,000
B.Ex. 13.8
Cash balance at the beginning of the year:
Ending balance $1,550,000

Add: Cash used in investing activities 670,000
Deduct: Cash from operating activities (1,450,000)
Cash from financing activities (100,000)
$670,000
B.Ex. 13.9
Profit $560,000
Adjustments to reconcile profit to net cash from
operations:
Depreciation expense $120,000
Increase in accounts receivable (40,000)
Decrease in inventory 60,000
Increase in accounts payable 30,000
Decrease in accrued expenses payable (20,000)
Net cash from operating activities $710,000
B.Ex. 13.10 Watson, Co.

Statement of Cash Flows
For year ended _____________
Cash flows from operating activities $1,360,000

BE13.6,7,8,9,10
Cash flows used in investing activities (560,000)
Cash flows used in financing activities (340,000)
Change in cash $460,000
Cash, beginning of year 8,900,000
Cash, end of year $9,360,000

BE13.6,7,8,9,10
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES
Ex. 13.1 a. The operating activities section generally includes the cash frrom and used for
those transactions that are included in the determination of profit. The investing
activities section includes cash from and used for the purchase and disposal of
assets that are not held for resale, primarily investments, and PPE and intangible
assets. Financing activities generally include cash from and used for debt and
equity financing transactions.
b. Wallace Company's cash increased significantly during the year, going from
$75,000 to $243,000. Operations were strong, providing $200,000 of positive cash
flow. Based on the limited information provided, interpreting the use of $120,000
for investing activities is difficult, but one possible positive interpretation is that
the company is preparing for the future by acquiring additional PPE and other
assets that will be required. The increase in cash of $88,000 from financing
activities indicates that the company is expanding its financing in some ways,
probably some combination of selling bonds or other debt securities and selling
ordinary, preference, or treasury shares. While the limited information presented
makes substantive interpretation of the overall cash picture highly speculative, it is
clear that the company has a much larger cash balance at the end than at the
beginning of the year and that the increase is tied directly to its success in
generating cash from its ongoing, normal operations.
Ex. 13.2 Note: All dollar figures in the following calculations are in thousands.
a. Cash from operations ……………………………………………………… $ 280
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment ………………… (30)
Dividends paid ……………………………………………………………… (140)
Free cash flow ………………………………………………………………… $ 110
b. The major sources and uses of cash from financing activities during
2010 were:
Source: ……………………………………………………………………… none

Use: Dividend paid …………………………………………………………… $ 140
Use: Retirement of Debt …………………………………………………… $ 150
Financing activities resulted in a decline in cash of $290 in 2010.

c. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $5,000 during 2010, moving the cash
balance from $50,000 to $45,000. The company paid dividends of $140,000 in 2010,
and appears to be in a relatively strong cash position should it decide to pay
dividends in the future.
d. (1) The gain on the sale of equity securities represents a reclassification of this
item from the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows to the
investing activities section of the statement of cash flows. If a gain is present,
as in 2010, it is deducted to effectively remove the item from profit; if a loss
has been present, it would have been added to effectively remove it from
profit.

E13.1,2
The gain on the sale of equity securities represents a reclassification of this
item from the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows to the
investing activities section of the statement of cash flows. If a gain is present,
as in 2010, it is deducted to effectively remove the item from profit; if a loss
has been present, it would have been added to effectively remove it from
profit.

E13.1,2
(2) The increase in accounts receivable represents credit sales which were not collected in 2010. In the
indirect method calculation, this item is a decrease in the amount of cash from profit because the
sale was recognized in determining profit, but the cash was not received in 2010.
Ex. 13.3 a. Purchases of equity securities ……………………………………………..

b. Proceeds from sales of equity securities ($1,400,000 book
value less $350,000 loss) ……………………………………………………………
Ex. 13.4 a. (1) Net sales:

Cash sales ………………………………………………………………
Credit sales ………………………………………………………………
Net sales reported as revenue in the income statement
(2) Cash received from collecting accounts receivable:

Credit sales ……………………………………………………………
Add: Decrease in accounts receivable ……………………………….
Collections of accounts receivable ……………………………………
(3) Cash receipts from customers:

Net sales (includes cash sales and credit sales) ………………………….
Add: Decrease in accounts receivable …………………………………
Cash receipts from customers ……………………………………….
b. Cash receipts from customers has two elements: (1) cash sales and (2) collections of accounts
receivable. For cash sales, the amounts of sales and cash receipts are the same. However, collections
on accounts receivable differ from the amount of credit sales. If accounts receivable increased,
credit sales for the period exceeded cash collections on these accounts. If, however, accounts
receivable decreased, cash collections of accounts receivable exceeded credit sales. Thus, cash
received from customers may be greater or less than the amount of net sales.
Ex. 13.5 Cash payments to suppliers of goods:

Cost of goods sold ………………………………………………………….
Add: Increase in inventory ($8,200,000  $7,800,000) …………….. $400,000
Decrease in accounts payable ($5,000,000  $4,300,000) 700,000
Cash payments to suppliers of goods ………………….
Ex. 13.6 The new loans made ($150 million) will appear among the investing activities of the company as a cash
outflow. The $360 million collected from borrowers will be split into two cash flows. The $300 million in
interest revenue will be included among the cash inflows from operating or investing activities, whereas
the $60 million in principal amounts collected from borrowers ($360 million  $300 million) will appear
as a cash inflow from investing activities.

E13.2,3,4,5,6
outflow. The $360 million collected from borrowers will be split into two cash flows. The $300 million in
interest revenue will be included among the cash inflows from operating or investing activities, whereas
the $60 million in principal amounts collected from borrowers ($360 million  $300 million) will appear
as a cash inflow from investing activities.

E13.2,3,4,5,6
were not collected in 2010. In the
of cash from profit because the
ceived in 2010.
$1,250,000
$1,050,000
$2,850,000
4,600,000
$7,450,000
$4,600,000
320,000
$4,920,000
$7,450,000
320,000
$7,770,000
d (2) collections of accounts

are the same. However, collections
ccounts receivable increased,
unts. If, however, accounts
eded credit sales. Thus, cash
of net sales.
$ 29,750,000
1,100,000
$ 30,850,000
ctivities of the company as a cash

wo cash flows. The $300 million in
ng or investing activities, whereas
million  $300 million) will appear

E13.2,3,4,5,6
E13.2,3,4,5,6
Ex. 13.7 DISCOVERY BAY OUTFITTERS, Co.
For the Year Ended 31 December, 2010
Cash receipts from customers ………………………… $ 7,950,000
Interest and dividends received ………………………… 270,000
Cash from operating activities ………………………..
Cash paid to suppliers and employees …………………… (6,350,000)
Interest paid ………………………………………………… (190,000)
Income taxes paid …………………………………………… (710,000)
Cash disbursed for operating activities ……………
Net cash from operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Loans made to borrowers ……………………………… $ (50,000)
Collections on loans ……………………………………… 40,000
Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equip (210,000)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and eq 90,000
Net cash used for investing activities ………………………
Proceeds from short-term borrowing ………………… $ 100,000
Dividends paid ………………………………………………… (550,000)
Net cash used for financing activities ………………
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents …………………
Cash and cash equivalents, 1 January …………………….
Cash and cash equivalents, 31 December ………………
Ex. 13.8 a. (1) Expenditures for R&D are an operating activity. In the short term, reducing
these expenditures will increase the net cash from operating activities.
(2) In the long run, reducing expenditures for R&D may reduce cash flows from
operations by reducing the number of new products the company brings to
market.
b. Selling to customers using bank credit cards taps a new market of potential customers.
This should increase sales and cash receipts in both the short and long term.
c. (1) Reducing inventory will lessen expenditures for inventory purchases during the
time that inventory levels decline. This will improve the net cash from operating
activities in the near term.
(2) Once inventory has stabilized at the new and lower level, monthly expenditures
will become approximately equal to the inventory used. Thus, this strategy will
not affect cash flows once inventory has stabilized.
d. (1) Deferring taxes can postpone taxes each year. For a growing business, this can
reduce annual cash outlays year after year. Thus, it can increase net cash flows
over both the short and long terms.

E13.7,8
(2) At some point in the future, the early deferrals will require payment, causing the
cash paid to stabilize, much like c. (2) above.

E13.7,8
Co.
, 2010
$ 8,220,000
(7,250,000)
$ 970,000
(130,000)
(450,000)
$ 390,000
358,000
$ 748,000
n the short term, reducing
operating activities.
ay reduce cash flows from

ts the company brings to
market of potential customers.

short and long term.
ventory purchases during the

ve the net cash from operating
r level, monthly expenditures

used. Thus, this strategy will
a growing business, this can

t can increase net cash flows

E13.7,8
l require payment, causing the

E13.7,8
Ex. 13.9 a. Added to profit. In a statement of cash flows, the insurance proceeds from a fire
are classified as an investing activity, not an operating activity. However, this
extraordinary loss reduced the amount of profit reported in the income
statement. Therefore, this nonoperating loss is added back to profit as a step in
determining the net cash from operating activities.
b. Added to profit. Depreciation is a noncash expense. Although it reduces the profit

for the period, no cash outlay is required. Thus, to the extent of noncash expenses
recorded during the period, profit is less than the amount of net cash flow.
c. Omitted from the computation. The transfer of cash from a bank account to a
money market fund has no effect on profit. Also, as a money market fund is a
cash equivalent, this transfer is not regarded as a cash transaction.
d. Deducted from profit. An increase over the year in the amount of accounts
receivable indicates that revenue recognized in the income statement (credit
sales) exceeds the collections of cash from credit customers. Therefore, profit is
reduced by the increase in receivables which has not yet been collected.
e. Omitted from the computation. Cash receipts from customers is a cash inflow
shown in the direct method of computing net cash from operating activities.
However, this cash inflow does not appear separately when the indirect method
is used.
f. Added to profit. A reduction in prepaid expenses indicates that the amounts

expiring (and, therefore, being recognized as expense) exceed cash outlays for
these items during the period. Thus, profit measured on the accrual basis is
lower than net cash flow.
g. Omitted from the computation. Declarations and payments of dividends do not

enter into the determination of either profit or net cash from operating activities.
Therefore, these transactions do not cause a difference between these figures.
Dividends paid are reported in the financing activities section as a disbursement.
h. Added to profit. An increase in accounts payable means that purchases of goods

or expenses, measured on the accrual basis, exceed the payments during the
period made to suppliers and other creditors. Thus, costs and expenses measured
on the accrual basis were greater than the actual cash payments during the
period.
i. Deducted from profit. The $2 million reduction in accrued income taxes payable
means that cash payments to tax authorities exceeded by $2 million the income
tax expense of the current year. Therefore, cash outlays exceeded the expenses
shown in the income statement, and net cash from operating activities is smaller
than profit. © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010
E13.9
Deducted from profit. The $2 million reduction in accrued income taxes payable
means that cash payments to tax authorities exceeded by $2 million the income
tax expense of the current year. Therefore, cash outlays exceeded the expenses
shown in the income statement, and net cash from operating activities is smaller
than profit.

E13.9
Ex. 13.10 HOPE MACHINERY CO.
Partial Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended 31 December 2010
Profit …………………………………………………………………………
Add: Depreciation expense ……………………………………………… $125,000
Amortization of intangible assets …………………………… 40,000
Nonoperating loss on sale of investments …………………… 35,000
Decrease in accounts receivable ……………………………… 45,000
Decrease in inventory …………………………………………… 72,000
Increase in accrued expenses payable …………………………… 25,000
Subtotal ………………………………………………………………………
Less: Nonoperating gain on sale of property, plant and equipment… $90,000
Increase in prepaid expenses …………………………………… $12,000
Decrease in accounts payable …………………………………… 31,000
Net cash from operating activities ……………………………………

E13.10
10
$ 385,000
342,000
$ 727,000
133,000
$ 594,000

E13.10
Ex. 13.11
a. Operating activity
b. Financing activity
c. Operating or Financing activity
d. Financing activity
e. Operating activity
f. Operating activity
g. Not included in the statement of cash flows. A money market fund is viewed as a cash
equivalent. Therefore, transfers between bank accounts and money market funds are not
viewed as cash receipts or cash payments.
h. Investing activity
i. Not included in a statement of cash flows prepared by the direct method. Depreciation is a
noncash expense; recording depreciation does not require any cash outlay within the
accounting period.
j. Operating activity
k. Financing activity
l. Operating or Financing activity
m. Operating or Investing activity
n. Investing activity
o. Not included in the statement of cash flows. Transfers between cash equivalents and other
forms of cash are not regarded as cash receipts or cash payments.

E13.11
Ex. 13.12
1. Operating activity
2. Financing activity
3. Operating or Financing activity
7. Not included in the statement of cash flows. A money market fund is viewed as a cash
equivalent. Therefore, transfers between bank accounts and money market funds are not
viewed as cash receipts or cash payments.
8. Investing activity
9. Not included in a statement of cash flows prepared by the direct method. Amortization is a
noncash expense; recording amortization does not require any cash outlay within the
accounting period.
12. Operating or Financing activity
13. Operating or Investing activity
14. Investing activity
15. Not included in the statement of cash flows. Transfers between cash equivalents and other
forms of cash are not regarded as cash receipts or cash payments.

E13.12
Ex. 13.13 a. Cash from investing activities:
Sale of equipment
Sale of land
Purchase of equipment
b. The amount of gain or loss is reflected in the cash receipts figure. For example,
equipment that was sold for $1,560,000 at a $34,000 loss had a book value (cost, less
accumulated depreciation) at the time of sale of $1,594,000:
Cost, less accumulated depreciation
Cash received from sale
Loss on sale
Similarly, land that was sold for $1,600,000 and which resulted in a $50,000 gain
had a cost of $1,550,000:
Cash received from sale
Cost
Gain on sale
Using the amount of cash received in the calculation of cash from investing activities
automatically incorporates the gain or loss on the sale.
c. The following items were excluded because they are financing activities, not
investing activities:
● Cash receipts from sale of ordinary shares

● Cash payments to purchase treasury shares, retire debt, and pay dividends
on preference and ordinary shares

E13.13
$1,560,000
1,600,000
(1,780,000)
$1,380,000
ceipts figure. For example,

loss had a book value (cost, less
94,000:
$1,594,000
(1,560,000)
$34,000
ch resulted in a $50,000 gain
$1,600,000
(1,550,000)
$50,000
ash from investing activities
financing activities, not
etire debt, and pay dividends

E13.13
Ex. 13.14 a. Cash
If interest expense is not classified as a finacing cash flow

Sale of bonds $400,000
Sale of treasury shares 34,000
Dividends on ordinary shares (60,000)
Purchase of treasury shares (20,000)
Net cash from financing activities $354,000
If interest expense is classified as a finacing cash flow

Sale of bonds $400,000
Interest expense 78,000
Sale of treasury shares 34,000
Dividends on ordinary shares (60,000)
Purchase of treasury shares (20,000)
Net cash from financing activities $432,000
b. The following items were excluded from the above calculations because they are
classified as indicated below in the statement of cash flows:
Classified as operating activities:

● Cash receipts from customers
● Cash received from interest and dividends
● received
Cash paid to employees
● Cash paid to purchase inventory
● Cash paid for interest expense (if not classified as a finacing cash flow)
Classified as investing activities:

● Cash received from sale of equipment
c. Interest expense could be classified as a financing or operating activity in the

statement of cash flows in accordance with IFRSs. Interest expense is classified as
a financing cash flow on the ground that it is a cost of obtaining financial
resources. On the other hand, FASB in the United States classifies interest
expense as an operating cash flow on the ground that interest expense is an
ordinary cost of doing business and is included in the determination of profit.

E13.14
Ex. 13.15
a. Income before taxes for 2009 were €358 million, compared with €1,198 million net cash
from operating activities. The primary cause of the difference is decrease in inventories,
which accounts for €617 million of the difference. The majority of the remaining
difference is attributed to decrease in receivables and other current assets, and to
decrease in accounts payable and other current liabilities.
b. The major uses of cash, other than operations, are as follows:

Investing activities: purchases of property, plant and equipment (€195 millionin in 2009
and €316 million in 2008) .
Financing activities:
For 2008: mainly, €588 million were proceeds from long-term borrowings togather with
€409 million and €186 million were used to repurchase adidas AG shares and repay
short-term borrowings respectively.
For 2009: mainly, €497 million were proceeds from issue of a Eurobond togather with
€508 million and €404 million were used to repay long-term and short-term borrowings
respectively.
c. Negative cash from investing and financing activities do not necessarily lead to a
negative interpretation of a company's cash position. In adidas AG's case in 2008 and
2009, significant amounts of operating cash flows have been invested in heavy capital
expenditures (which represent growth and future strength), as well as used to reduce
both long-term and short-term borrowings . In fact, the company's cash position
appears to be strong as discussed below in part d.
d. Free cash flow for the two years is determined as follows (€ in millions) :
2009 2008
Net cash from operating activities 1198 497
Net cash used for acquiring

property, plant, and equipment (179) (289)
Cash paid for dividends (97) (99)

922 109
While the general trend is mixed, the three primary elements in the free cash flow
calculation are significant increase in cash from operations, strong investment in PPE
assets in 2008, moderate investment in PPE assets in 2009, and stable dividends paid to
shareholders. In general, adidas AG, Herzogenaurach appears to be in a strong cash
position.

E13.15
€1,198 million net cash
decrease in inventories,
of the remaining
ent assets, and to
(€195 millionin in 2009
rrowings togather with

G shares and repay
robond togather with

short-term borrowings
essarily lead to a
AG's case in 2008 and
sted in heavy capital
ell as used to reduce
ny's cash position
illions) :
the free cash flow

ng investment in PPE
table dividends paid to
o be in a strong cash

E13.15
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM SET A
30 Minutes, Medium PROBLEM 13.1A
WONG COMPANY
a.
WONG COMPANY
Cash receipts from customers (1) $ 3,000,000
Interest and dividends received 100,000
Cash from operating activities $ 3,100,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees (2) $ (2,550,000)
Interest paid (180,000)
Income taxes paid (95,000)
Cash disbursed for operating activities (2,825,000)
Net cash from operating activities $ 275,000

Loans made to borrowers (500,000)
Collections on loans 260,000
Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipme (3,100,000)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipm 580,000
Net cash used in investing activities: (2,760,000)

Proceeds from issuing bonds payable $ 2,500,000
Dividends paid (120,000)
Net cash from financing activities 2,380,000
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (105,000)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 489,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 384,000
Supporting computations:
Cash sales $ 800,000
Collections on accounts receivable 2,200,000
Cash receipts from customers $ 3,000,000
(2) Cash paid to suppliers and employees:

Payments on accounts payable to
merchandise suppliers
suppliers of goods $ 1,500,000
Cash payments for operating expenses 1,050,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees $ 2,550,000
(3) Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment:

Book value of property, plant and equipment sold $ 660,000
Less: Loss on sales of property, plant and equipment 80,000
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment $ 580,000

P13.1A
Note to instructor:

P13.1A
25 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 13.2A
NEW WORLD CO.
a.
NEW WORLD CO.
Purchases of equity securities $ (750,000)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities (1) 1,320,000
Loans made to borrowers (2,100,000)
Collections on loans 1,620,000
Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment (see part b) (600,000)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment (2) 120,000
Net cash used for investing activities
(1) Proceeds from sales of equity securities:
Cost of securities sold (credit entries to
Equity Securities account)
Add: Gain on sales of equity securities
Proceeds from sales of equity securities

Cost of property, plant and equipment sold or retired
Less: Accumulated depreciation on property,
plant and equipment sold or retired
Book value of property, plant and equipment sold or retired
Less: Loss on sales of property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment
b.
Schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment

Less: Portion financed through issuance of long-term note payable
Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment
c. Cash must be generated to cover the company’s investment needs through operating or financing
activities. Ideally, cash to support investing activities should come from normal operations. If this places
undue strain on the company’s operations, however, financing via borrowing and/or sale of shares are
alternatives the company should consider.

P13.2A
PROBLEM 13.2A
NEW WORLD CO.
$ (390,000)
$ 900,000
420,000
$ 1,320,000
$ 1,200,000
750,000
$ 450,000
330,000
$ 120,000
$ 1,960,000
1,360,000
600,000
operating or financing
rmal operations. If this places
ng and/or sale of shares are

P13.2A
25 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 13.3A
HAYES EXPORT CO.
a.
HAYES EXPORT CO.
Proceeds from sales of equity securities (1) 460,000
Net cash used in investing activities
Less: Loss on sales of equity securities

Less: Accumulated depreciation on property, plant and
equipment sold or retired
Add: Gain on sales of property, plant and equipment
b.

Less: Portion financed through issuance of long-term debt
c. Management has more control over the timing and amount of outlays for investing activities than for
operating activities. Many of the outlays for operating activities are contractual, reflecting payroll
agreements, purchase invoices, taxes, and monthly bills. Most investing activities, in contrast, are
discretionary—both as to timing and dollar amount.

P13.3A
PROBLEM 13.3A
HAYES EXPORT CO.
$ (250,000)
$ 620,000
160,000
$ 460,000
$ 1,400,000
1,000,000
$ 400,000
120,000
$ 520,000
$ 1,500,000
1,000,000
$ 500,000
esting activities than for

ual, reflecting payroll
ities, in contrast, are

P13.3A
GALAXY CO.
a.
GALAXY CO.
Interest and dividends received (2) 171,000
Cash from operating activities
Interest paid (4) (176,000)
Income taxes paid (5) (103,000)
Cash disbursed for operating activities

Net sales
Add: Decrease in accounts receivable
Cash receipts from customers
(2) Interest and dividends received:

Dividend income (cash basis)
Interest income
Subtotal
Less: Increase in accrued interest receivable
Interest and dividends received

Cash paid to suppliers of goods:
Cost of goods sold
Add: Increase in inventories
Net purchases
Less: Increase in accounts payable to suppliers
Cash paid to suppliers of goods
Cash paid for operating expenses:
Operating expenses $ 980,000
Less: Depreciation expense 115,000
Subtotal $ 865,000
Add: Increase in short-term prepayments 5,000
Add: Decrease in accrued operating expenses payable 29,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees
(4) Interest paid:

Interest expense
Less: Increase in accrued interest payable
Interest paid
(5) Income taxes paid:

Income tax expense
Add: Decrease in accrued income taxes payable
Income taxes paid

P13.4A
P13.4A
PROBLEM 13.4A
GALAXY CO.
$ 3,091,000
(2,755,000)
$ 336,000
$ 2,850,000
70,000
$ 2,920,000
$ 104,000
70,000
$ 174,000
3,000
$ 171,000
$ 1,550,000
35,000
$ 1,585,000
8,000
$ 1,577,000
899,000
$ 2,476,000
$ 185,000
9,000
$ 176,000
$ 90,000
13,000
$ 103,000

P13.4A
P13.4A
PROBLEM 13.4A
GALAXY CO. (concluded)
b. In addition to more aggressive collection of accounts receivable, management could increase

cash flows from operations by (only two required):
 Reducing the amount of inventories being held.
 Reducing the amount of short-term prepayments of expenses.
 Taking greater advantage of accounts payable as a short-term means of financing
purchases of goods and services.

P13.4A (p.2)
GALAXY CO. (INDIRECT)
Galaxy Co.
For the Year Ended 31 December, 2010
Profit $ 223,000
Add: Depreciation expense $ 115,000
Decrease in accounts receivable 70,000
Increase in accounts payable to suppliers 8,000
Increase in accrued interest payable 9,000 202,000
Subtotal $ 425,000
Less: Increase in accrued interest receivable $ 3,000
Increase in inventories 35,000
Increase in short-term prepayments 5,000
Decrease in accrued operating expenses payable 29,000
Decrease in accrued income taxes payable 13,000
Gain on sales of equity securities 4,000 89,000
Credit sales cause receivables to increase, while collections cause them to decline. If receivables
decline over the year, collections during the year must have exceeded credit sales for the year.
Thus, cash receipts exceed revenue measured on the accrual basis.

P13.5A
45 Minutes, Strong PROBLEM 13.6A
21st CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES
a.
Interest received (2) 42,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees (3) $(2,680,000)

Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment (500,000)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment (7 24,000
Net cash used in investing activities:

Proceeds from short-term borrowing $ 82,000
Payments to settle short-term debts (92,000)
Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares (8) 180,000
Net cash used in financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year
(1) Cash receipts from customers
Net sales
Less: increase in accounts receivable
(2) Interest received:

Interest revenue
Add: Decrease in accrued interest receivable
Interest received

P13.6A
P13.6A
PROBLEM 13.6A
Y TECHNOLOGIES
3,182,000
(2,832,000)
$ 350,000
(480,000)
50,000
$ (80,000)
244,000
$ 164,000
$ 3,200,000
60,000
$ 3,140,000
$ 40,000
2,000
$ 42,000

P13.6A
P13.6A
PROBLEM 13.6A
a. (continued)

Cash paid for purchases of goods:
Cost of goods sold
Less: Decrease in inventory
Net purchases
Add: Decrease in accounts payable to suppliers
Cash paid for purchases of goods
Operating expenses $ 1,240,000
Less: Depreciation (a noncash expense) 150,000
Subtotal 1,090,000
Add: Increase in prepayments 6,000
Add: Decrease in accrued liab. for operating expenses 8,000
Cash paid for operating expenses
($1,576,000 + $1,104,000)
(4) Interest paid:

Interest expense
Interest paid

Income tax expense
Add: Decrease in income taxes payable
Income taxes paid

Cost of equity securities sold (credit entries
to the Equity Securities account)
Add: Gain reported on sales of equity securities

Book value of property, plant and equipment sold (paragraph 8)
Less: Loss reported on sales of property, plant and equipment
(8) Proceeds from issuing share capital:

Amounts credited to Share Capital account
Add: Amounts credited to share premium account
Proceeds from issuing share capital

P13.6A (p.2)
P13.6A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.6A
RY TECHNOLOGIES
(continued)
$ 1,620,000
60,000
1,560,000
16,000
$ 1,576,000
1,104,000
$ 2,680,000
$ 42,000
4,000
$ 38,000
$ 100,000
14,000
$ 114,000
$ 38,000
34,000
$ 72,000
$ 36,000
12,000
$ 24,000
$ 20,000
160,000
$ 180,000

P13.6A (p.2)
P13.6A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.6A
21st CENTURY TECHNOLOGIES (concluded)
b. (1) The primary reason why cash from operating activities substantially exceeded profit was
the company's $150,000 in depreciation expense. Depreciation reduces profit, but does
not affect the cash flows from operating activities.
(2) The primary reason for the net decrease in cash was the large cash outlays for investing
activities—specifically, the cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment.
c. To the extent that receivables increase, the company has not yet collected cash from its
customers. Thus, if the growth in receivables had been limited to $10,000, instead of $60,000,
the company would have collected an additional $50,000 from its customers. Thus, the net
decrease in cash (and cash equivalents) would have been $30,000, instead of $80,000.

P13.6A (p.3)
SATELLITE 2011
a.
SATELLITE 2011
Worksheet for a Statement of Cash Flows
Balance sheet effects: Effect of Transactions
Beginning Debit Credit Ending
Balance Changes Changes Balance
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 80,000 (x) 43,000 37,000
Accounts receivable 100,000 (3) 750,000 850,000
Property, plant and equipment
of accumulated depreciation) 600,000 (6) 2,200,000 (2) 147,000 2,653,000
Totals 780,000 3,540,000
Liabilities & Equity

Notes payable (short-term) 0 (7) 1,450,000 1,450,000
Accounts payable 30,000 (4) 33,000 63,000
Accrued expenses payable 45,000 (5) 13,000 32,000
Notes payable (long-term) 390,000 (6) 350,000 740,000
Share capital 200,000 (8) 500,000 700,000
Retained earnings 115,000 (1) 440,000 555,000
Totals 780,000 2,963,000 2,963,000 3,540,000
Cash effects: Sources Uses

Operating activities:
Profit (1) 440,000
Depreciation expense (2) 147,000
Increase in accounts receivable (3) 750,000
Increase in accounts payable (4) 33,000
Decrease in accrued
expenses payable (5) 13,000
Investing activities:
Cash paid for PPE (6) 1,850,000
Financing activities:
Short-term borrowing (7 1,450,000
Issuance of ordinary shares (8 500,000
Subtotals 2,570,000 2,613,000
Net decrease in cash (x) 43,000
Totals 2,613,000 2,613,000

P13.7A
SATELLITE 2011 (continued
b.
SATELLITE 2011
Profit
Add: Depreciation expense
Increase in accounts payable
Subtotal
Less: Increase in accounts receivable
Decrease in accrued expenses payable
Net cash used in operating activities

Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment (see schedule)

Short-term borrowing from bank
Issuance of ordinary shares
Net cash from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash

Cash and cash equivalents, 1 January 2010
Cash and cash equivalents, 31 December 2010
Supplementary Schedule: Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Less: Portion financed by issuing long-term notes payable

P13.7A (p.2)
P13.7A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.7A
SATELLITE 2011 (continued)
ows
mber 2010
$ 440,000
147,000
33,000
$ 620,000
$ 750,000
13,000 763,000
$ (143,000)
$ 1,850,000
(1,850,000)
$ 1,450,000
500,000
1,950,000
$ (43,000)
80,000
$ 37,000
ng and Financing Activities
$ 2,200,000
350,000
$ 1,850,000

P13.7A (p.2)
P13.7A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.7A
SATELLITE 2010 (concluded)
c. Satellite 2010’s credit sales resulted in $750,000 in new receivables, which were uncollected
as of year-end. These credit sales all were included in the computation of profit, but those
that remained uncollected at year-end do not represent cash receipts. Therefore, the cash
flow from operating activities was substantially below the amount of profit measured on
the accrual basis.
Note to instructor: It is not uncommon for cash flows to lag behind a rising profit figure in a
growing business. This is why many rapidly growing businesses find themselves “strapped for
cash” to finance their growth.
d. Satellite 2010 does not appear headed for insolvency. First, the company has a $6 million
line of credit, against which it has drawn only $1,450,000. This gives the company
considerable debt-paying ability. Next, if Satellite 2010’s rapid growth continues, the
company should not have difficulty issuing additional shares to investors as a means of
raising cash. If a company is obviously successful, it usually is able to raise the cash
necessary to finance expanding operations.

P13.7A(p.3)
MIRACLE TOOL COMPNY
a.
MIRACLE TOOL COMPANY
Balance sheet effects:
Beginning Debit Credit
Balance Changes Changes
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 100,000 (x) 500,000
Equity securities 200,000 (8) 150,000
Accounts receivable 400,000 (4) 170,000
Inventories 1,200,000 (5) 20,000
( net of accumulated depreciation) 3,000,000 (9) 200,000 (3) 350,000
Totals 4,900,000

Accounts payable 500,000 (6) 230,000
Accrued expenses payable 170,000 (7) 30,000
Notes payable 2,450,000 (10) 100,000 (9) 180,000
Share capital 1,200,000 (11) 150,000
Retained earnings 580,000 (1) 340,000
(2) 40,000
Totals 4,900,000 1,230,000 $ 1,230,000

Net loss (1) 340,000
Decrease in accounts receivable (4) 170,000
Increase in inventory (5) 20,000
Decrease in accrued (7) 30,000
expenses payable
Loss on sale of equity
securities (8) 10,000
Proceeds from sale of
equitye securities (8) 140,000
Cash paid for property, plant & equipment (9) 20,000
Financing activities
Dividends paid (2) 40,000
Payment of note payable (10) 100,000
Issuance of shares (11 150,000
Subtotals 1,050,000 5,500,000
Net increase in cash (x) 5,000,000
Totals 10,500,000 10,500,000

P13.8A
P13.8A
PROBLEM 13.8A
CLE TOOL COMPNY
Ending
Balance
600,000
50,000
230,000
1,220,000
2,850,000
4,950,000
730,000
140,000
2,530,000
1,350,000
200,000
4,950,000

P13.8A
P13.8A
PROBLEM 13.8A
MIRACLE COPANY (continued)
b.
MIRACLE TOOL COMPANY
Net loss
Decrease in accounts receivable
Loss on sale of equity securities
Subtotal
Less: Increase in inventory $ 20,000
Decrease in accrued expenses 30,000

Proceeds from sale of equity securities $ 140,000
Cash paid to acquire PPE assets (see supplementary sched (20,000)

Dividends paid $ (40,000)
Payment of note payable (100,000)
Issuance of share 150,000

Cash and cash equivalents 31 Dec. 2010
Purchase of PPE assets

Cash paid to acquire PPE assets

P13.8A (p.2)
P13.8A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.8A
COPANY (continued)
$ (340,000)
350,000
170,000
230,000
10,000
$ 420,000
50,000
$ 370,000
120,000
10,000
$ 500,000
100,000
$ 600,000
Financing Activities
$ 20,000
18,000
$ 2,000

P13.8A (p.2)
P13.8A (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.8A
MIRACLE TOOL COMPANY (continued)
c. Miracle Tool Co. achieved its positive cash flow from operating activities basically by
liquidating assets and by not paying its bills. It has converted most of its accounts
receivable into cash, which probably means that credit sales have declined substantially over
the past several months. A decrease in sales shows up in the
income statement immediately, but may take months before its effects appear in a
statement of cash flows.
Miracle Tool Co. is not replacing PPE assets as quickly as these assets are being
depreciated. In any given year, this may not be significant. But on the other hand, this
relationship certainly indicates that the business is not expanding, and it may indicate
that the company is deferring replacements of PPE assets in an effort to conserve
cash.
Miracle Tool Co. is allowing its accounts payable to rise much more quickly than it is
increasing inventory. This indicates that the company is not paying its bills as quickly
as it used to. While this conserves cash, the “savings” are temporary. Also, if the
company’s credit rating is damaged, this strategy may reduce both earnings and cash
flows in the near future.
d. Miracle Tool Co. has substantially more cash than it did a year ago. Nonetheless, the
company’s financial position appears to be deteriorating. Its equity securities—a highly
liquid asset—are almost gone. Its accounts payable are rising rapidly, and substantially
exceed the amount of cash on hand. Most importantly, sales and accounts receivable both
are falling, which impairs the company’s ability to generate cash from operating activities in
the future. Also, the liquidity of the company’s inventory is questionable in light of the
declining sales.
e. This company is contracting its operations. Its investment in equity securities, receivables,
and PPE assets all are declining. Further, the income statement shows that operations are
eroding the owners’ equity in the business. The decline in sales—already apparent in the
income statement—soon will reduce the cash collected from customers, which is the
principal factor contributing to a positive cash flow from operating activities.
In summary, this company appears to be in real trouble.

f. The company’s principal revenue source—sales of tools—appears to be collapsing. If
nothing is done, it is likely that the annual net losses will increase, and that operating cash
flows soon will turn negative. Thus, management’s first decision is whether to attempt to
revive the company, or liquidate it.
If the company is to be liquidated, this should be done quickly to avoid future operating
losses. Information should be gathered to determine whether it would be best to sell the
company as a going concern or whether management should sell the assets individually. In
either event, management should stop purchasing tools. Assuming that sales continue to
decline, the company’s current inventory appears to be approximately a one-year supply.

P13.8A(p.3)
either event, management should stop purchasing tools. Assuming that sales continue to

P13.8A(p.3)
PROBLEM 13.8A
OMPANY (continued)
ting activities basically by
ed most of its accounts
s have declined substantially over
e
e its effects appear in a
hese assets are being

But on the other hand, this
anding, and it may indicate
n an effort to conserve
uch more quickly than it is

t paying its bills as quickly
emporary. Also, if the
uce both earnings and cash
year ago. Nonetheless, the

ts equity securities—a highly
ng rapidly, and substantially
s and accounts receivable both
e cash from operating activities in
questionable in light of the
n equity securities, receivables,

ment shows that operations are
ales—already apparent in the
m customers, which is the
perating activities.
ppears to be collapsing. If
crease, and that operating cash
cision is whether to attempt to
kly to avoid future operating

er it would be best to sell the
d sell the assets individually. In
uming that sales continue to
proximately a one-year supply.

P13.8A(p.3)
P13.8A(p.3)
PROBLEM 13.8A
MIRACLE TOOL COMPANY (concluded)
If management decides to continue business operations, it should take the following actions:
• Expand the company’s product lines! The combination tool alone can no longer support
profitable operations. Also, dependency upon a single product—especially a faddish
product with a limited market potential—is not a sound long-term strategy.
• Stop buying the combination tool—at least until the current inventory is sold. This will not
improve profitability, but will help cash flows. (As explained above, the company’s current
inventory appears about equal to next year’s potential sales.)
• Look for ways to reduce operating expenses. In 2010, sales declined by 30%, but the
company was able to reduce operating expenses by only about 6.5% ($170,000 decline from
a level of $2,600,000).
• Stop paying dividends. The company has no cash to spare. As sales continue to fall,
the net cash from operating activities is likely to turn negative. Collecting
existing receivables and letting payables go unpaid can only bolster net cash flow for a
limited period of time.
• Develop forecasts of future operations and cash flows. If a turnaround does not appear
realistic, management should reconsider the option of liquidating the company.

P13.8A(p.4)
30 Minutes, Medium PROBLEM 13.1B
BEST COMPANY
a.
BEST COMPANY
Interest and dividends received 40,000
Interest paid (130,000)
Income taxes paid (65,000)

Loans made to borrowers $ (690,000)
Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment (1,700,000)
Net cash used for investing activities:

Proceeds from issuing bonds payable $ 2,000,000

Cash sales
Collections on accounts receivable

Payments on accounts payable to
merchandise suppliers
suppliers of goods
Cash payments for operating expenses

Book value of property, plant and equipment sold

P13.1B
Note to instructor:

P13.1B
PROBLEM 13.1B
BEST COMPANY
$ 3,080,000
(2,345,000)
$ 735,000
(1,600,000)
1,750,000
$ 885,000
115,000
$ 1,000,000
$ 230,000
2,810,000
$ 3,040,000
$ 1,220,000
930,000
$ 2,150,000
$ 520,000
30,000
$ 490,000

P13.1B
P13.1B
25 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 13.2B
ADMIRALTY FASHIONS
a.
ADMIRALTY FASHIONS
Loans made to borrowers (1,750,000)
Add: Gain on sales of equity securities

b.

c. Cash must be generated to cover the company’s investment needs through operating or financing
activities. Ideally, cash to support investing activities should come from normal operations. If this places
undue strain on the company’s operations, however, financing via borrowing and/or sale of shares are
alternatives the company should consider.

P13.2B
PROBLEM 13.2B
IRALTY FASHIONS
$ (910,000)
$ 740,000
150,000
$ 890,000
$ 1,500,000
$ 600,000
$ 900,000
100,000
$ 800,000
$ 2,200,000
1,500,000
$ 700,000
perating or financing
mal operations. If this places
g and/or sale of shares are

P13.2B
25 Minutes, Easy PROBLEM 13.3B
RPZ IMPORTS
a.
RPZ IMPORTS
Less: Loss on sales of equity securities

Plus: Gain on sales of property, plant and equipment
b.

c. Management has more control over the timing and amount of outlays for investing activities than for
operating activities. Many of the outlays for operating activities are contractual, reflecting payroll agreements,
purchase invoices, taxes, and monthly bills. Most investing activities, in contrast, are discretionary—both as to
timing and dollar amount.

P13.3B
PROBLEM 13.3B
RPZ IMPORTS
$ (350,000)
$ 600,000
80,000
$ 520,000
$ 1,000,000
$ 750,000
$ 250,000
60,000
$ 310,000
$ 1,400,000
900,000
$ 500,000
ting activities than for

al, reflecting payroll agreements,
st, are discretionary—both as to

P13.3B
ROYCE INTERIORS CO.
a.
ROYCE INTERIORS CO.
Interest and dividends received (2) 91,000
Cash paid to suppliers and employees (3) (1,576,000)

Net sales
Less: Increase in accounts receivable
(2) Interest and dividends received:

Dividend income
Interest income
Subtotal
Less: Increase in accrued interest receivable
Interest and dividends received

Cash paid to suppliers of goods:
Cost of goods sold
Add: Increase in inventories
Net purchases
Less: Increase in accounts payable to suppliers
Cash paid to suppliers of goods
Less: Depreciation expense 49,000
Subtotal $ 251,000
Add: Increase in short-term prepayments 1,000
Add: Decrease in accrued operating expenses payable 4,000
(4) Interest paid:

Interest expense
Interest paid

Income tax expense
Add: Decrease in accrued income taxes payable
Income taxes paid

P13.4B
P13.4B
PROBLEM 13.4B
YCE INTERIORS CO.
$ 2,681,000
(1,746,000)
$ 935,000
$ 2,600,000
10,000
$ 2,590,000
$ 55,000
40,000
$ 95,000
4,000
$ 91,000
$ 1,300,000
25,000
$ 1,325,000
5,000
$ 1,320,000
256,000
$ 1,576,000
$ 60,000
2,000
$ 58,000
$ 110,000
2,000
$ 112,000

P13.4B
P13.4B
PROBLEM 13.4B
ROYCE INTERIORS CO. (concluded)
b. Management could increase cash flows from operations by (only two required):
 Reducing the amount of inventories being held.
 Reducing the amount of short-term prepayments of expenses.
 Taking greater advantage of accounts payable as a short-term means of financing
purchases of goods and services.
 More aggressive collection of accounts receivable.

P13.4B (p.2)
ROYCE INTERIORS CO.
(INDIRECT)
a.
ROYCE INTERIORS CO.
Profit $ 928,000
Add: Depreciation expense $ 49,000
Increase in accounts payable to suppliers 5,000
Increase in accrued interest payable 2,000 56,000
Subtotal $ 984,000
Less: Increase in accounts receivable $ 10,000
Increase in accrued interest receivable 4,000
Increase in inventories 25,000
Increase in short-term prepayments 1,000
Decrease in accrued operating expenses paya 4,000
Decrease in accrued income taxes payable 2,000
Gain on sales of equity securities 3,000 49,000
Credit sales cause receivables to increase, while collections cause them to decline. If receivables
increase over the year, collections during the year must have been less than credit sales for the
year. Thus, cash receipts were less than revenue measured on the accrual basis.

P13.5B
45 Minutes, Strong PROBLEM 13.6B
GOLDEN TECHNOLOGIES
a.
GOLDEN TECHNOLOGIES
Interest received (2) 65,000

Cash paid to acquire property, plant and equipment (350,000)
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment(7 22,000
Net cash used for investing activities:

Proceeds from short-term borrowing $ 56,000
Payments to settle short-term debts (70,000)
Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares (8) 160,000

(1) Cash receipts from customers
Net sales
Less: increase in accounts receivable
(2) Interest received:

Interest income
Add: Decrease in accrued interest receivable
Interest received

P13.6B
P13.6B
PROBLEM 13.6B
EN TECHNOLOGIES
3,405,000
(2,482,000)
$ 923,000
(316,000)
(154,000)
$ 453,000
20,000
$ 473,000
$ 3,400,000
60,000
$ 3,340,000
$ 60,000
5,000
$ 65,000

P13.6B
P13.6B
PROBLEM 13.6B
FOXBORO TECHNOLOGIES
(continued)

Cash paid for purchases of goods:
Cost of goods sold
Less: Decrease in inventory
Net purchases
Add: Decrease in accounts payable to suppliers
Cash paid for purchases of goods
Less: Depreciation (a noncash expense) 75,000
Subtotal $ 825,000
Add: Increase in prepayments 8,000
Add: Decrease in accrued liab. for operating expenses 9,000
Cash paid for operating expenses
(4) Interest paid:

Interest expense
Interest paid

Income tax expense
Add: Decrease in income taxes payable
Income taxes paid

Cost of equity securities sold (credit entries
to the Equity Securities account)
Add: Gain reported on sales of equity securities

Book value of property, plant and equipment (paragraph 8)
Less: Loss reported on sales of property, plant and equipment
(8) Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares:

Amounts credited to Share Capital account
Add: Amounts credited to
Share Premium account
Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares

P13.6B (p.2)
P13.6B (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.6B
RO TECHNOLOGIES
(continued)
$ 1,500,000
30,000
$ 1,470,000
22,000
$ 1,492,000
842,000
$ 2,334,000
$ 27,000
4,000
$ 23,000
$ 115,000
10,000
$ 125,000
$ 40,000
25,000
$ 65,000
$ 30,000
8,000
$ 22,000
$ 60,000
100,000
$ 160,000

P13.6B (p.2)
P13.6B (p.2)
PROBLEM 13.6B
FOXBORO TECHNOLOGIES (concluded)
b. Cash paid to suppliers, presented in the operating activities section of the statement of cash
flows, totaled $2,334,000. Cost of goods sold, presented in the income statement, was only
$1,500,000. The primary reasons for the difference are as follows:
● In addition to cost of goods sold, operating expenses required the payment of a

significant amount of cash which accounts for much of the difference.
● Adjustments to the amount of cost of goods sold plus the amount of operating expenses
were required as a result of the following:
--Decrease in inventory
--Decrease in accounts payable
--Depreciation expenses (which did not require cash payment)
--Increase in prepaid operating expenses
--Decrease in accrued liabilities for operating expenses
c. On the contrary, the fact that cash flows from investing and financing activities are negative
attests to the strength of the cash position of the company. The amount of cash increased
significantly during the year, going from a beginning balance of $20,000 to $473,000. Cash
flows from operating activities were a significant positive amount, $923,000. In addition, the
company was able to purchase equity securities and PPE assets and make loans to borrowers
(all investing activities) and retire debt and pay dividends (financing activities).

P13.6B (p.3)
CONNECT
a.
CONNECT
Profit
Subtotal
Less: Increase in accounts receivable $ 8,650,000
Decrease in accrued expenses payable 170,000
Net cash used in operating activities

Cash paid to acquire property, plants & equipment (see schedule) $ (20,000,000)

Short-term borrowing from bank $ 14,900,000
Issuance of ordinary shares 6,650,000

Cash and cash equivalents, 1 January 1, 2010
Cash and cash equivalents 31 Dec. 2010
Purchase of property, plant and quipment

Less: Portion financed by issuing long-term notes payable

P13.7B
P13.7B
PROBLEM 13.7B
CONNECT
$ 5,620,000
1,250,000
370,000
$ 7,240,000
8,820,000
$ (1,580,000)
(20,000,000)
21,550,000
$ (30,000)
450,000
$ 420,000
cing Activities
$ 25,850,000
5,850,000
$ 20,000,000

P13.7B
P13.7B
PROBLEM 13.7B
CONNECT (concluded)
b. CONNECT's credit sales resulted in $8,650,000 in new receivables, which were uncollected
as of year-end. These credit sales all were included in the computation of profit, but those
that remained uncollected at year-end do not represent cash receipts. Therefore, the cash
flow from operating activities was substantially below the amount of profit measured on
the accrual basis.
Note to instructor: It is not uncommon for cash flows to lag behind a rising profit figure in a
growing business. This is why many rapidly growing businesses find themselves “strapped for
cash” to finance their growth.
c. CONNECT does not appear headed for insolvency. First, the company has a $50 million
line of credit, against which it has drawn only $14,900,000. This gives the company
considerable debt-paying ability. Next, if CONNECT's rapid growth continues, the
company should not have difficulty issuing additional ordinaryl shares to investors as a
means of raising cash. If a company is obviously successful, it usually is able to raise the
cash necessary to finance expanding operations.

P13.7B(p.2)
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO.
a.
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO.
Balance sheet effects:
Beginning Debit Credit
Balance Changes Changes
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 220,000 (x) 380,000
Equity securities 270,000 (8) 150,000
Accounts receivable 400,000 (4) 50,000
Inventory 1,200,000 (5) 80,000
(net of accumulated depreciation) 2,500,000 (9) 200,000 (3) 290,000
4,590,000

Accounts payable 500,000 (6) 200,000
Accrued expenses payable 160,000 (7) 20,000
Notes payable 2,350,000 (10) 100,000 (9) 120,000
Share capital 1,080,000 (11) 350,000
Retained Earnings 500,000 (1) 340,000
(2) 40,000
Totals 4,590,000 1,160,000 1,160,000

Net loss (1) 340,000
Decrease in accounts rec. (4) 50,000
Increase in inventory (5) 80,000
Decrease in accrued
expenses payable (7) 20,000
Loss on sale of equity
securities (8) 40,000
Proceeds from sale of
equity securities (8) 110,000
Cash paid for PPE assets (9) 80,000
Financing activities
Dividends paid (2) 40,000
Payment of notes payable (10) 100,000
Issue of share capital (11) 350,000
Net increase in cash (x) 380,000

P13.8B
Totals 1,040,000 1,040,000

P13.8B
PROBLEM 13.8B
RA-ORDINAIRE CO.
Ending
Balance
600,000
120,000
350,000
1,280,000
2,410,000
4,760,000
700,000
140,000
2,370,000
1,430,000
120,000
4,760,000

P13.8B
P13.8B
PROBLEM 13.8B
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO.
(continued)
b.
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO.
Net loss
Decrease in accounts receivable
Loss on sales of equity securities
Subtotal
Less: Increase in inventory $ 80,000
Decrease in accrued expenses 20,000

Proceeds from sales of equity securities $ 110,000
Cash paid to acquire PPE assets (see supplementary sched (80,000)
Net cash from investing activities

Dividends paid $ (40,000)
Payment of note payable (100,000)
issuance of share capital 350,000

Cash and cash equivalents, 31 Dec. 2010
Purchase of PPE assets

Cash paid to acquire PPE assets

P13.8B(p.2)
PROBLEM 13.8B
RA-ORDINAIRE CO.
(continued)
$ (340,000)
290,000
50,000
200,000
40,000
$ 240,000
100,000
$ 140,000
30,000
210,000
$ 380,000
220,000
$ 600,000
inancing Activities
$ 200,000
120,000
$ 80,000

P13.8B(p.2)
PROBLEM 13.8B
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO. (continued)
c. Extra-Ordinaire Co. achieved its positive cash flow from operating activities basically
by liquidating assets and by not paying its bills. It has converted most of its accounts
receivable into cash, which probably means that credit sales have declined
substantially over the past several months. A decrease in sales shows up in the
income statement immediately, but may take months before its effects appear in a
statement of cash flows.
Extra-Ordinaire Co. is not replacing PPE assets as quickly as these assets are being
depreciated. In any given year, this may not be significant. But on the other hand, this
relationship certainly indicates that the business is not expanding, and it may indicate that
the company is deferring replacements of PPE assets in an effort to conserve
cash.
Extra-Ordinaire Co. is allowing its accounts payable to rise much more quickly than it is
increasing inventory. This indicates that the company is not paying its bills as quickly as it
used to. While this conserves cash, the “savings” are temporary. Also, if the company’s
credit rating is damaged, this strategy may reduce both earnings and cash flows in the
near future.
d. Extra-Ordinaire Co. has substantially more cash than it did a year ago. Nonetheless, the
company’s financial position appears to be deteriorating. Its equity securities—a highly
liquid asset—are almost gone. Its accounts payable are rising rapidly, and substantially
exceed the amount of cash on hand. Most importantly, sales and accounts receivable both
are falling, which impairs the company’s ability to generate cash from operating activities
in the future. Also, the liquidity of the company’s inventory is questionable in light of the
declining sales.
e. This company is contracting its operations (or collapsing). Its investment in equity
securities, receivables, and PPE assets all are declining. Further, the income statement
shows that operations are eroding the owners’ equity in the business. The decline in sales—
already apparent in the income statement—soon will reduce the cash collected from
customers, which is the principal factor contributing to a positive cash flow from operating
activities.
In summary, this company appears to be in real trouble.

f. The company’s principal revenue source—sales of Pulsas—appears to be collapsing. If
nothing is done, it is likely that the annual net losses will increase, and that operating cash
flows soon will turn negative. Thus, management’s first decision is whether to attempt to
revive the company, or liquidate it.
If the company is to be liquidated, this should be done quickly to avoid future operating
either event, management should stop purchasing Pulsas. Assuming that sales continue to

P13.8B(p.3)
either event, management should stop purchasing Pulsas. Assuming that sales continue to

P13.8B(p.3)
PROBLEM 13.8B
EXTRA-ORDINAIRE CO. (concluded)
If management decides to continue business operations, it should take the following actions:
• Expand the company’s product lines! The Pulsas alone can no longer support profitable
operations. Also, dependency upon a single product—especially a faddish product with a
limited market potential—is not a sound long-term strategy.
• Stop buying Pulsas—at least until the current inventory is sold. This will not improve
profitability, but will help cash flows. (As explained above, the company’s current
inventory appears about equal to next year’s potential sales.)
• Look for ways to reduce operating expenses. In 2009, sales declined by 36%, but the
company was able to reduce operating expenses by only about 3.8% ($100,000 decline
from a level of $2,600,000).
• Stop paying dividends. The company has no cash to spare. As sales continue to fall,
the net cash flow from operating activities is likely to turn negative. Collecting
existing receivables and letting payables go unpaid can only bolster net cash flow for a
limited period of time.
s • Develop forecasts of future operations and cash flows. If a turnaround does not appear
realistic, management should reconsider the option of liquidating the company.

P13.8B(p.4)
SOLUTIONS TO CASES
25 Minutes, Strong CASE 13.1

ANOTHER LOOK AT ALLISON COMPANY
a. Based on past performance, it does not appear that Allison Company can continue to
pay annual dividends of $40,000 without straining the cash position of the company. In a
typical year, Allison generates a positive cash flow from operating activities of
approximately $50,000. However, about $45,000 is required in a normal year to replace
the property, plant and equipment retired. This leaves only about $5,000 per year of the
net operating cash flow available for dividends and other purposes. If Allison is to
continue paying cash dividends of $40,000 per year, the company must raise about
$35,000 from investing and financing activities.
Over the long run, it is quite difficult for a company to continually finance its cash
dividends through increased borrowing (financing activity) or through sales of assets
(investing activity). Therefore, Allison Company may have to reduce its cash dividends in
future years.
b. Two of the unusual factors appearing in the current statement of cash flows should be
considered in assessing the company’s ability to pay future dividends. First, the company
spent an unusually large amount ($160,000) to purchase property, plant and equipment
during the year. This expenditure for property, plant and equipment may increase net
operating cash flow above the levels of prior years. Second, the company issued $100,000
of bonds payable and an additional 1,000 shares. The interest on the new bonds payable
will reduce future cash flows from operations. Also, the additional shares capital mean
that total dividend payments must be increased if the company is to maintain the current
level of dividends per share.
In summary, the unusual investing and financing activities will improve the company’s ability
to continue its dividends only if the new property, plant and equipment generate more cash
than is needed to meet the increased interest and dividend requirements.

Case 13.1
15 Minutes, Easy CASE 13.2
CASH BUDGETING FOR YOU AS A STUDENT
a. Ending cash balances:

Week 2: $200 [$(200) + $1000  $300  $200  $100]
Week 3: $600 ($200 + $1000  $300  $200  $100)
Week 4: $1000 ($600 + $1000  $300  $200  $100)
b. In Week 1 you have two problems. The first is that you do not have enough cash to pay your rent on
Wednesday. But you will by Friday, so your payment may be a couple of days late. (But what’s going to
happen next month? Is there some “handwriting on the wall”?)
Your second problem is that if you spend in your normal pattern, you will overdraw your bank account
by $200 (which may trigger a service charge of another $100 or more). This problem can be solved by
your foregoing any expenditures on entertainment this week—annoying, but hardly a cash crisis.
You have a bigger problem coming up in February. You will have more difficulty paying
February’s rent than you did January’s. The sad fact is that you cannot afford rent of
$2,000 per month. You are earning $4,000 per month and spending $2,400 on things other than rent.
Thus, you can afford only about $1,600 per month for rent unless you reduce other expenses.
To solve this problem, you might find another roommate to share the rent, move into less expensive
housing, or somehow increase your monthly cash receipts. (It does not appear practical to trim $400 per
month from your other expenses.)

Case 13.2
45 Minutes, Medium CASE 13.3
LOOKIN' GOOD?
Net Cash from

a. Proposals Profit Operating Activities Cash
(1) Increase No effect No effect
(2) Increase No effect No effect
(3) Increase Increase Increase
(4) No effect Increase Increase
(or decrease)* (or decrease)* (or decrease)*
(5) Decrease Increase Increase
(6) Increase Increase Increase
(7) No effect No effect Increase
*Either “no effect” or “decrease” is an acceptable answer to the probable effect of this proposal
upon profit; see discussion in paragraph (4), part b.
b. (1) If the costs of producing inventory are rising, use of the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method
assigns older and lower costs to the cost of goods sold. Thus, it results in higher reported
profits (but also in higher income taxes) than does the weighted average cost method. The
inventory method used by a company does not affect the price that it pays to suppliers to
purchase inventory. Thus, other than for possible tax consequences, the choice of
inventory method does not affect cash flows. (The case stated that the additional taxes
stemming from use of the FIFO method would not be paid until the following year.)
(2) Changing from an accelerated method to the straight-line method of depreciation will
(generally) reduce the amount of depreciation expense included in the income statement,
thus increasing reported profit. Lengthening estimates of useful lives has a similar effect.
Depreciation is a noncash expense; therefore, cash flows are not affected by the choice of
depreciation method or the estimate of useful lives, except to the extent that these choices
may affect income tax payments. The problem stated, however, that no changes would be
made in the depreciation claimed for tax purposes.
(3) Pressuring dealers (customers) to increase their inventories will increase General Wheels’
sales for the year. This should increase profit and cash flows from operating activities
(collections from customers).
(4) Requiring dealers to pay more quickly will speed up cash collections from customers, thus
increasing operating cash flows and total cash. The timing of these collections has no direct
effect upon profit. However, offering shorter credit terms may have the indirect effect of
reducing net sales. Thus, one might argue that this proposal could decrease both profit and
future collections from customers.

Case 13.3
CASE 13.3
LOOKIN' GOOD? (concluded)
(5) Passing up cash discounts will delay many cash outlays by about 20 days. In the long run the
amount paid will be about 2% greater, but in the short run the delay should more than
offset these increased costs. (A 20-day delay in cash outlays usually amounts to over 5% of
total cash outlays for the year: 20 days/365 days = 5.5%.) While operating cash flows will
increase, profit will decline; the higher purchase costs will be reflected in the cost of goods
sold.
(6) Incurring short-term interest charges of 10% to replace long-term interest charges of 13%
will reduce interest expense and cash payments of interest. Therefore, profit, cash flows
from operating activities, and total cash flow will improve. Management’s only risks in
pursuing this proposal are that short-term rates may rise or that the company may be
unable to renew the short-term loans as they mature.
(7) Dividend payments do not enter into the determination of profit or net cash from operating
activities. Therefore, these two amounts will not be affected by the proposal. Cash dividends
are classified as financing activities and do not affect total cash flows from operating
activities. Therefore, replacing cash dividends with stock dividends (which require no cash
payment) will increase net cash flow from all sources. However, management should be
aware that discontinuing cash dividends may adversely affect the company’s ability to raise
capital through the issuance of additional ordinary shares.

Case 13.3 (p.2)
15 Minutes, Easy CASE 13.4
PEAK PRICING
a. The statement is not valid because it addresses only the peak-period aspect of a peak-pricing
strategy. It is true that during the peak period, some customers will be priced out of the
market (or at least encouraged to purchase in an off-peak period). But in off-peak periods,
prices tend to be lower than they would under a single-price strategy. Thus, peak pricing
may, in fact, allow some customers to purchase goods or services that they otherwise could
not afford.
b. The alternative to peak pricing is a single all-the-time price. In this case, excess demand is
handled on a first-come, first-served basis.
c. (1) Hotels in Palm Springs charge their highest daily rates during the sunny but
comfortable winter months. The uncomfortably hot summers are their off-season, and
they offer their rooms at greatly reduced rates.
(2) Movie theaters charge peak prices in the evenings. Daytime is the off-peak period, and
they normally offer substantially discounted matinee prices. Also, they often lower
prices on Monday and/or Tuesday, which are periods of little customer demand.
d. In the opinion of the authors, peak pricing normally is an ethical business practice. But there
are exceptions, and management should think carefully about its responsibilities.
Peak pricing may be unethical if the services are funded in whole or in part by taxpayers—
but not in every case. For example, we would consider it unethical for public schools to
provide a more convenient class schedule to students willing to pay an extra fee. But we
would not object to a museum or national park varying admission prices between peak and
off-peak periods.
Also, an ethical distinction may be drawn between peak pricing and a concept called
“profiteering.” Profiteering means exploiting customers in an emergency situation. For
example, we would view raising the price of medical supplies during a local disaster, such as
the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, as
profiteering. (To our knowledge, this did not occur. In fact, many health-care organizations
provided goods and services at no charge during this emergency.) Other examples are
increased prices of salt and shovels in preparation for a blizzard and increased prices of
foods, generators, pumps, bottled water, and batteries at the time of an earthquake.
But what represents an emergency situation? For example, we would not view it as unethical
for hotels to raise their room rates because the Olympic Games are being played in town.

Case 13.4
20 Minutes, Medium CASE 13.5
DISCLOSURE OF THE STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
The first three parts of this case have no written requirements. Part (d) requires students to write a
paragraph, based on their research in the Securities & Future Commission's web site, that capture what the
designated ConsultationConclusion had to say about the inclusion of the statement of cash flows.
Following are several points that are appropriate for inclusion in the student's response to this case about
the Consultation Conclusions on a Review of the Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases
(Hong Kong August 2005)
OFFER DOCUMENT FOR TAKEOVERS AND MERGERS

Page 239
Except with the consent of the Executive, the document should include the following information:-
The Offeror
Financial information
12. (a) In the case of a securities exchange offer the following information about the offeror:-
(iii) a cash flow statement if provided in the last published audited accounts;
OFFEREE BOARD CIRCULAR FOR TAKEOVERS AND MERGERS

Page 248
Except with the consent of the Executive, the offeree board circular should include the following
information:-
Views of offeree board
6. (a) The following information about the offeree company:-
OFFER DOCUMENT FOR SHARE REPURCHASES BY GENERAL OFFER

Page 256
The offer document should include the following information:-
16. (a) The following information about the offeror:-

Case 13.5
Case 13.5
30 Mi CASE 13.6
COMPARING CASH FLOW INFORMATION
FROM TWO COMPANIES
INTERNET
a. (no solution)
b. (no solution)
c. Based on the following information from the 2009 financial statements of the two
companies, CLP Holding's cash flow from operations is much larger than Hysan's
--HK$14,529 million compared to HK$880 million. The obvious reason for this
difference is the relative size and profitability of the two companies. As we have seen
in this chapter, profits usually are ultimately converted into cash, though not
necessarily in the period in which those profits are earned. CLP Holding's profit for
2009 was $8,189 million compared to Hysan's profit of $2,837 million. In other words,
Hysan's profit was about 34% of CLP Holding's. This results in a much larger cash
flow from operations for CLP Holding.
d. Companies that may have negative cash flows from operations are companies that are
in the early stage of development or companies competing in new industries. High
start-up costs and marketing costs to develop the company’s business have adverse
effects on cash flows. Companies with net operating losses will often have negative cash
flows from operations.
e. Companies with established products or services in established industries will often

have large positive cash flows from operations, which result from positive operations
that result in large profit amounts.

Case 13.6

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CHAPTER 13

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

13.7 Format of a cash flow statement 2 Analysis

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

13.1 A,B Preparing a statement of cash flows— 2–4 Analysis

Critical Thinking Cases

13.6 Real World: CLP Holdings, Hysan 2–4 Analytical, communication,

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

13.2 A,B New World Co./Admiralty Fashions 25 Easy

13.3 A,B Hayes Export Co./RPZ Imports 25 Easy

13.4 A,B Galaxy Co./Royce Interiors Co. 30 Medium

13.5 A,B Galaxy Co. (Indirect)/Royce Interiors Co. (Indirect) 25 Medium

13.6 A,B 21st Century Technologies/Golden Technologies 45 Strong

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

13.7 A,B Satellite 2011/CONNECT 60 Strong (P13.7A)

13.8 A,B Miracle Tool Co./Extra-Ordinaire Co. 60 Strong

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

13.2 Cash Budgeting for You as a Student 15 Easy

13.3 Lookin' Good? 45 Medium

13.4 Peak Pricing 15 Easy

13.5 Disclosure of the Statement of Cash Flows 20 Medium

Students explore the website of the Securities & Future Commission

13.6 Comparing Cash Flow Information from Two Companies 30 Medium

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

11. Cash collected from customers may be computed as follows:

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

Proceeds from issuance of shares ($12,000,000 + $43,500,000) …………… $ 55,500,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

B.Ex. 13.2 Profit $4,300,000

B.Ex. 13.4 Profit $6,660,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

Proceeds from issuing ordinary shares $5,600,000

B.Ex. 13.7 Cash payments for purchases:

Cost of goods sold $1,001,000

Ending balance $1,550,000

B.Ex. 13.10 Watson, Co.

Cash flows from operating activities $1,360,000

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

Source: ……………………………………………………………………… none

Financing activities resulted in a decline in cash of $290 in 2010.

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

Ex. 13.3 a. Purchases of equity securities ……………………………………………..

Ex. 13.4 a. (1) Net sales:

(2) Cash received from collecting accounts receivable:

(3) Cash receipts from customers:

Ex. 13.5 Cash payments to suppliers of goods:

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

d (2) collections of accounts

ctivities of the company as a cash

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2010

ay reduce cash flows from