Technical Research

Programming Language
A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax use to create a
software program. Languages that programmers use to write code are called "high-level
languages." This code can be compiled into a "low-level language," which is recognized directly
by the computer hardware. https://techterms.com/definition/programming_language A programming
language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform
specific tasks. https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/programming_language.htmlTo develop the proposed project the
problem language choosen is C#. Since it will be the web based system HTML,CSS,Javascript, Jquery and bootstrap
will also be used.

About C#
C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a variety
of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to create
Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server
applications, database applications, and much, much more. Visual C# provides an advanced code
editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to make
it easier to develop applications based on the C# language and the .NET Framework. As an object-
oriented language, C# supports the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

All variables and methods, including the Main method, the application's entry point, are

encapsulated within class definitions. A class may inherit directly from one parent class, but it may
implement any number of interfaces. Methods that override virtual methods in a parent class

require the override keyword as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In C#, a struct is like a

lightweight class; it is a stack-allocated type that can implement interfaces but does not support
inheritance.

.NET Framework Platform Architecture

C# programs run on the .NET Framework, an integral component of Windows that

includes a virtual execution system called the common language runtime (CLR) and a
unified set of class libraries. The CLR is the commercial implementation by Microsoft of
the common language infrastructure (CLI), an international standard that is the basis for
creating execution and development environments in which languages and libraries
work together seamlessly.

Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms
to the CLI specification. The IL code and resources, such as bitmaps and strings, are
stored on disk in an executable file called an assembly, typically with an extension of
.exe or .dll. An assembly contains a manifest that provides information about the
assembly's types, version, culture, and security requirements.

When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which might
take various actions based on the information in the manifest. Then, if the security
requirements are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL
code to native machine instructions. The CLR also provides other services related to
automatic garbage collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code that
is executed by the CLR is sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to
"unmanaged code" which is compiled into native machine language that targets a
specific system. The following diagram illustrates the compile-time and run-time
relationships of C# source code files, the .NET Framework class libraries, assemblies, and
the CLR.
Language interoperability is a key feature of the .NET Framework. Because the IL code
produced by the C# compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL
code generated from C# can interact with code that was generated from the .NET
versions of Visual Basic, Visual C++, or any of more than 20 other CTS-compliant
languages. A single assembly may contain multiple modules written in different .NET
languages, and the types can reference each other just as if they were written in the
same language. In addition to the run time services, the .NET Framework also includes
an extensive library of over 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide a wide
variety of useful functionality for everything from file input and output to string
manipulation to XML parsing, to Windows Forms controls. The typical C# application
uses the .NET Framework class library extensively to handle common "plumbing" chores.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/getting-started/introduction-to-the-
csharp-language-and-the-net-framework
IDE chosen
Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It
can be used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along
with Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services
in both native code together with managed code for all
platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows Phone,
Windows CE, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and
Microsoft Silverlight.

https://www.portalprogramas.com/en/microsoft-visual-studio-express-web/

Libraries chosen
A software library is a suite of data and programming code that is used to develop software
programs and applications. It is designed to assist both the programmer and the programming
language compiler in building and executing software. A software library generally consists of
pre-written code, classes, procedures, scripts, configuration data and more.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3828/software-library
Database Management System Chosen

A database management system (DBMS) is the software that allows a computer to store, retrieve,
add, delete, and modify data. A DBMS manages all primary aspects of a database, including
managing data manipulation, such as user authentication, as well as inserting or extracting data.
A DBMS defines what's called the data schema, or the structure in which the data is to red. Tools
we all use every day require DBMSs behind the scenes. This includes ATMs, flight reservation
systems, retail inventory systems, and library catalogs, for instance.

https://www.thoughtco.com/database-management-system-1019609

Author=Mike Chapple

January 13, 2018

The DBMS is perhaps most useful for providing a centralized view of data that
can be accessed by multiple users, from multiple locations, in a controlled
manner. A DBMS can limit what data the end user sees, as well as how that
end user can view the data, providing many views of a single database
schema. End users and software programs are free from having to
understand where the data is physically located or on what type of storage
media it resides because the DBMS handles all requests.

Author=Margaret Rouse

http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database-management-system

Advantage of SQL Server 2014

PERFORMANCE & SCALE

o In-Memory OLTP

o Enhanced In-Memory ColumnStore for DW

o Buffer Pool Extension to SSDs

o Enhanced Query Processing

o Resource Governor adds IO governance

o SysPrep at cluster level

o Predictable performance with tiering of compute, network, and storage with Windows Server 2012 R2

HIGH AVAILABILITY
o Enhanced AlwaysOn, with 8 secondaries and Replica Wizard

o Delayed Durability

o Clustered Shared Volume support, VHDX support (Windows Server 2012 R2)
o Manage on-premises and cloud apps (System Center 2012 R2)

SECURITY
o Enhanced separation of duty

o CC certification at High Assurance Level for 2014

o Backup encryption support

PROGRAMMABILITY
o Query optimization enhancements

EASY ACCESS TO DATA, BIG & SMALL

o Power Query

o Windows Azure HDInsight Service

o Analytics Platform System (PDW V2)

POWERFUL INSIGHTS WITH FAMILIAR TOOLS

o Power BI in Office 365

o Power Map for Excel

o Mobile interfaces for Power BI

HYBRID CLOUD SOLUTIONS

o Simplified backup to Windows Azure

o Support for backup of previous versions of SQL Server to Windows Azure

o Cloud back-up encryption support

o Simplified cloud Disaster Recovery with AlwaysOn replicas in Windows Azure VMs

EASY ON-RAMP TO THE CLOUD

o New Windows Azure Deployment UI
for SQL Server

o Larger SQL Server VMs and memory sizes now available in Windows Azure

https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/cansql/2014/04/13/sql-server-2014-benefits-of-upgrading-
from-sql-server-2005-2008-2008r2-and-2012/
Operating System chosen

The operating system (OS) is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to run other programs and applications. Computer operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and
directories on the storage drives, and controlling peripheral devices, such as printers.

Author=Vangie Beal

https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/operating_system.html

Meanwhile, Windows 10 is becoming a more versatile operating system, with features

and platform support that extends well beyond the traditional PC and its users. Windows
10 on ARM, for instance, is gaining a lot of traction. On the hardware compatibility front,
we could see a plethora of modes integrated into Windows 10 that adapts the OS based
on whether you’re a gamer or child or another type of person altogether.

Author=Joe Osborne, Dan Grabham, Mary Branscombe

https://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/software/operating-systems/windows-10-
1267364/review

Web Server
A web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes web pages
as they are requisitioned. The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web
pages to the users. This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
These web pages are mostly static content that includes HTML documents, images, style sheets,
test etc. Apart from HTTP, a web server also supports SMTP (Simple Mail transfer Protocol) and
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) protocol for emailing and for file transfer and storage.

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/web-server

Stands for "Internet Information Services." IIS is a web server software package designed for
Windows Server. It is used for hosting websites and other content on the Web. Microsoft’s Internet
Information Services provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for managing websites and the
associated users. It provides a visual means of creating, configuring, and publishing sites on the
web. The IIS Manager tool allows web administrators to modify website options, such as default
pages, error pages, logging settings, security settings, and performance optimizations.

https://techterms.com/definition/iis
Web browser chosen
Merriam-Webster's dictionary defines a web browser as "a computer program used for
accessing sites or information on a network (such as the World Wide Web). " This is a simple,
yet accurate description. A web browser "talks" to a server and asks it for the pages you want to
see. https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-browser-446234

Scott Orgera
Updated November 14, 2017

Browsers translate web pages and websites delivered using Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP) into human readable content. They also have the ability to display other protocols and
prefixes, such as secure HTTP (HTTPS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), email handling (mailto:),
and files (file:). In addition, most browsers also support external plug-ins required to display
active content, such as in-page video, audio and Flash content
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/288/web-browser