University of Louisiana Petroleum Engineering

Drilling Engineering, PETE 491

HW #1 Solution

Q1.

Define the following terms and how the rigs are installed before any starting drilling:

a. Wildcat well

b. Development well

c. Semi-submersible rig

d. Submersible rig

e. Jack up rig

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f. Ship rig

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a) Wildcat well

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Wildcat wells are those wells which are drilled outside of or not in the vicinity of known oil or gas
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field. The main purpose of these wells is to discover new petroleum reservoir. Geological group
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suggests its location.

b) Development well
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These wells are drilled in the known reservoir area for gathering the information about the reservoir.
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They are drilled on the recommendation of reservoir engineering group.

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c) Semi-submersible rig

Semisubmersible rigs are those rigs which have submerged hulls, but not resting on the seabed.
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They are designed to float in water. Nowadays, some of the semisubmersible rigs can drill in water
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depth over 5000 ft.

d) Submersible rig
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They are mobile offshore drilling unit, supported mainly on large pontoon like structures submerged
below the sea surface. The operating decks are elevated more than 100 ft above the pontoon. At the
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drilling location, they are lowered to rest on seabed. After drilling, the water is pumped out of the
buoyancy tanks and the rig is towed to another location. They generally operate in shallow water.

e) Jack up rig

Jack up rig is one of the mobile offshore drilling rig, which consists of long leg structures. The leg
structures are lowered to and into the seabed and then rig out is raised above the surface water. The
maximum depth of operation is 500 ft in these types of rigs.

f) Ship rig

In this type of rig drilling equipment is mounted on the ship. Since this type of rig is itself capable of
moving from one location to another in water, so it doesn’t require any tugboats to tow it. Also,
these rigs are not anchored to the sea bed, so they are not stable like other offshore rigs.

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 Installation of Rigs before start of drilling activity:

The installation of any rig starts with setting up the substructures, which is unloading and positioning
of the equipment at the rig location. After this rig floor and derrick is set up. During this activity,
draw works, electric cables (if used), stairways, guard rails, handrails, walkaways and ladders are set
up. Then power systems are installed. After this circulating system and auxiliary equipment are
installed.

Q2. State the difference between land rig and offshore rigs.

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Q3. A drill string made up of 5-in OD, 4.276-in ID drill pipes is stuck, when drilling at 11,000 ft.
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Assume that the stuck point is at a depth of 9,000 ft and it was observed that the drill string
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stretches by 2 ft while trying to pull out the stuck pipe.

a. Calculate the change in in hook load.

b. If the drill string is made of steel with a failure strength of 11,000 psi and an elastic modulus of

30x106 psi, will the drill string fail? Justify your answer.

Solution:

Cross sectional Area of drill string, A

A = 0.7854*(52-4.2762)

= 5.2746 in2

Elastic Modulus of steel, E

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 E = 30x106 psi

Change in length of drill pipe due to stretch, ΔL

ΔL = 2 ft

Length of drill string up to stuck point

L = 9000 ft

Change in Hooke Load, ΔW = ?

From Hooke’s Law,

𝜎 = 𝐸𝜀
∆𝑊 ∆𝐿
=𝐸
𝐴 𝐿

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∆𝐿

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∆𝑊 = 𝐴𝐸
𝐿

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2
∆𝑊 = 5.2746 × 30 × 106 ×
9000

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∆𝑊 = 35164 𝑙𝑏𝑠
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Stress exerted in the string due to stretch, σ
∆𝐿
𝜎=𝐸
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𝐿
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2
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𝜎 = 30 × 106 ×
9000
𝜎 = 6666.667 Psi
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Failure strength,
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𝜎𝑓 = 11000 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Since, the stress exerted in the string due to stretch, is less than the failure strength, σf. Hence the
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drill string will not fail.

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Q.4 The following data were obtained on a diesel engine operating in a prony brake.

Engine Speed (RPM) Torque (ft-lbf) Fuel Consumption (gal/hr)

1200 1400 25.3

1000 1550 19.7

900 1650 15.7

700 1700 12.1

a. Compute the brake horsepower at each engine speed.

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 b. Compute the overall energy efficiency at each engine speed.

c. Compute the fuel consumption in gallons/day for an average engine speed of 900 RPM
and 12 hour work day.

a. The Brake Horsepower or output power,

𝑇×𝑁
𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) =
5252
For the first case, Engine Speed (N) = 1200 RPM and Torque(T) = 1400 ft-lbf
1400 × 1200
𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) =
5252
𝑃𝑂 = 319.9 𝐻𝑃
For the second case , N = 1000 RPM and T = 1550 ft-lbf
1550 × 1000

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𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) =

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5252

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𝑃𝑂 = 295.1 𝐻𝑃

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For the third case, N = 900 RPM and T = 1650 ft-lbf

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1650 × 900
𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) =
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𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) = 282.7 𝐻𝑃
For the fourth case, N = 700 RPM and T = 1700 ft-lbf
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1700 × 700
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𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) =
5252
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𝑃𝑂 (𝐻𝑃) = 226.5 𝐻𝑃
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b. (1) Efficiency = Po/Pi.

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Pi = Qi = ωf * H
ωf =25.3 gal/hr * 7.2 lbm/gal * 1 hr/60min = 25.3 * 7.2/60 =3.036 lbm/min
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Qi = ωf * H
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( H= 19000BTU/lbm)

Qi = ((3.036 lbm/min) * (19,000 BTU/lbm)* (779 ft.lbm.HP/BTU))/ (33,000ft.lbf/min)

Qi = 1361.692 HP

Efficiency = Po/Pi
E = Po/Qi = (319.9/1361.692) = 0.235

(2) Efficiency = Po/Pi

Pi = Qi = ωf * H
ωf =19.7 gal/hr * 7.2 lbm/gal * 1 hr/60min = 19.7 * 7.2/60 =2.364 lbm/min

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 Qi = ωf * H
( H= 19000BTU/lbm)

Qi = ((2.364 lbm/min) * (19,000 BTU/lbm)* (779 ft.lbm.HP/BTU))/ (33,000ft.lbf/min)

Qi = 1060.29 HP

Efficiency = Po/Pi
E = Po/Qi = (295.1/1060.29) = 0.278

(3) Efficiency = Po/Pi

Pi = Qi = ωf * H
ωf =15.7 gal/hr * 7.2 lbm/gal * 1 hr/60min = 15.7 * 7.2/60 =1.884 lbm/min
Qi = ωf * H

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( H= 19000BTU/lbm)

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Qi = ((1.884 lbm/min) * (19,000 BTU/lbm)* (779 ft.lbm.HP/BTU))/ (33,000ft.lbf/min)

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Qi = 845 HP
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Efficiency = Po/Pi
E = Po/Qi = (282.743/845) = 0.334
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(4) Efficiency = Po/Pi

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Pi = Qi = ωf * H
ωf =12.1 gal/hr * 7.2 lbm/gal * 1 hr/60min = 12.1 * 7.2/60 =1.452 lbm/min
Qi = ωf * H
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( H= 19000BTU/lbm)
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Qi = ((1.452 lbm/min) * (19,000 BTU/lbm)* (779 ft.lbm.HP/BTU))/ (33,000ft.lbf/min)

Qi = 651.244 HP
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Efficiency = Po/Pi
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E = Po/Qi = (226.575/651.244) = 0.3479

c. Fuel consumption = 15.7 gal/hr * 12hrs/day = 188.4 gal/day

Q5. A rig must hoist a load of 200,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide a maximum input power of
800 hp. Ten lines are strung between the crown block and the travelling block and the dead line is
anchored to a derrick leg on one side of the v-door

1. Calculate the static tension in the fast line when the upward motion is impending.

2. Calculate the maximum hook horsepower available.

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 3. Calculate the maximum hoisting speed.

4. Calculate the derrick load when upward motion is impending.

5. Calculate the maximum equivalent derrick load.

6. Calculate the derrick efficiency factor.

Ans. 1. Static tension, Ff in fast line:

𝑊
𝐹𝑓 =
𝑛𝑁
200,000
𝐹𝑓 =
0.841 × 8
Ff = 24,691 lbf

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Maximum Hook Horse Power,

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𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑛𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

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𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 0.841× 800 rs e
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𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 648 hp

Maximum Hoisting Speed,

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𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = W × vb
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𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
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𝑉𝑏 =
𝑊
648 × 33,000
𝑉𝑏 =
200,000
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𝑉𝑏 = 106.9 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛

Actual Derrick Load,

𝑊 𝑊
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𝐹𝑑 = 𝑊 + +
𝑛𝑁 𝑁
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1 1
𝐹𝑑 = 200,000[1 + + ]
0.841 × 8 8
𝐹𝑑 = 244,691 lbf

Maximum Equivalent Derrick load,

𝑛+4
𝐹𝑑𝑒 = ( )×𝑊
𝑛
12
𝐹𝑑𝑒 = ( ) × 200,000
8
𝐹𝑑𝑒 = 280,000 𝑙𝑏𝑓
Derrick Efficiency, E

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 𝐹𝑑
𝐸=
𝐹𝑑𝑒
244,691
𝐸=
280,000
E = 0.874

Q6. The driller is pulling on a stuck drill string. The derrick is capable of supporting a maximum
equivalent derrick load of 500,000 lbf, the drilling line has a strength of 51,200 lbf and the strength
of drillpipe in tension is 396,000 lbf. If eight lines are strung between crown block and travelling
block and safety factor of 2.0 are required for the derrick, drillpipe and drilling line, how hard can
the driller pull trying to free the stuck pipe.

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 University of Louisiana
at Lafayatte
1.6)
Maximum equivalent derrick load, Fde = 500000 lbf

Strength of Drilling line, Sf = 51200 lbf

Strength of drill pipe in tension, Sd = 396000 lbf

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Number of lines, n = 8

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Efficiency,E = 0.841

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Safety factor
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Considering Maximum derrick load, Fde = 500000 lbf
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Hoist load, W1 = Fde*n/(n+4)

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= 333333.33 lbf
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For the safety factor of 2, Pull applied by the driller

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Pull = 333333.33/2

= 166666.7 lbf
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Considering this pull, tension in fast line and dead line can be calculated and
can be compared with strength of drilling line and strength of drill pipe
respectively. If the tension in fast and dead line is within allowable limit, it
can be th maximum pull which driller can apply to free the stuck pipe.

Tension in fast line, Ff = Pull/(En)

= 24772.1 lbf

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 University of Louisiana
at Lafayatte
Strength of Drilling line, Sf = 51200 lbf

Maximum allowable tension in fast line, Ff' = Sf/2

= 25600 lbf

Tension in fast line considering pull, Ff = 24772.1 lbf

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Ff' > Ff

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Since,

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i.e. 25600 > 24772.1

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Hence the pull is within safe limit

Tension in dead line, Fd = Pull/(n)

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= 20833.3 lbf
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Strength of Drillpipe in tension, Sd = 396000 lbf

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Maximum allowable tension in dead line, Fd' = Sd/2

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= 198000 lbf
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Tension in dead line considering pull, Fd = 20833.3 lbf

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Since, Fd ' > Fd

i.e. 198000 > 20833.3

Hence the pull is within safe limit

Maximum Pull applied by the driller

Pull = 166666.7 lbf

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