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Optimization of Chemical Processes, Second Edition Pág 33

This document contains multiple optimization problems involving minimizing costs or maximizing profits related to manufacturing, cooling, and piping. Problem 1.16 involves determining the production level that minimizes cost per barrel, maximizes daily profit, and results in zero profit for a manufacturing process. Problem 1.17 involves minimizing the total annual cost of cooling gas using cooling water by optimizing the outlet water temperature. Problem 1.18 involves finding general expressions for the optimal diameter, velocity, and pressure drop in a pipeline to minimize total annual installation and operation costs.

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413 views1 page

Optimization of Chemical Processes, Second Edition Pág 33

This document contains multiple optimization problems involving minimizing costs or maximizing profits related to manufacturing, cooling, and piping. Problem 1.16 involves determining the production level that minimizes cost per barrel, maximizes daily profit, and results in zero profit for a manufacturing process. Problem 1.17 involves minimizing the total annual cost of cooling gas using cooling water by optimizing the outlet water temperature. Problem 1.18 involves finding general expressions for the optimal diameter, velocity, and pressure drop in a pipeline to minimize total annual installation and operation costs.

Uploaded by

Cluisantony Jayco Dize
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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c H AP T E R 1: The Nature and Organization of Optimization Problems 33

p3 = outlet pressure
V , = inlet volume
We wish to optimize the intermediate pressure p2 so that the work is a minimum. Show
that if p, = 1 atm and p3 = 4 atm, pipt = 2 atrn.

1.16 You are the manufacturer of PCZ,, which you'sell in barrels at a rate of P barrels per
day. The cost per barrel produced is

C = 50 + 0.1P + 9000/P in dollars/barrel


---+.-

For example, for P = 100 barrelslday, C = $150/barrel. The selling price per barrel is
$300. Determine
(a) The production level giving the minimum cost per barrel.
(b) The production level which maximizes the profit per day.
(c) The production level at zero profit.
(d) Why are the answers in (a)-and (b) different?

1.17 It is desired to cool a gas [C, = 0.3 Btu/(lb)("F)] from 195 to 90°F, using cooling water
at 80°F. Water costs $0.2011000 ft3, and the annual fixed charges for the exchanger are
$0.50/ft2of inside surface, with a diameter of 0.0875 ft. The heat transfer coefficient
is U = 8 Btu/(h)(ft2)("F)for a gas rate of 3O(M lblh. Plot the annual cost of cooling
water and fixed charges for the exchanger as a function of the outlet water tempera-
ture. What is the minimum total cost? How would you formulate the problem to obtain
a more meaningful result? ~ i n Which
i variable is the manipulated variable?

1.18 The total cost (in dollars per year) for pipeline installation and operation for an incom-
pressible fluid can be expressed as follows:

C = C,D L + C2mAp/p
where C, = the installed cost of the pipe per foot of length computed on an annual
basis (C,D'.5 is expressed in dollars per year per foot length, C2 is
based on $O.O5/kWh, 365 dayslyear and 60 percent pump efficiency).
D = diameter (to be optimized)
L ='pipeline length = 100 miles
m = mass flow rate = 200,000 lblh
Ap = 2 pv2W(Dg,) .f = pressure drop, psi
p = density = 60 lb/ft3
v = velocity = (4m)/(p~D2)
f = friction factor = (0.046~0.2)/(D0.2 v ~p0.2)
. ~
p = viscosity = 1 CP
(a) Find general expressions for DOpt, vOpt,and @pt.
(b) For C; = 0.3 (D expressed in inches for installed cost), calculate DOpt and vOpt for
the following pairs of values of p and p (watch your units!)

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