Candidate

Centre Number Number

Candidate Name

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level

CHEMISTRY 9701/4
PAPER 4
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002
1 hour

Candidates answer on the question paper.

Additional materials:
Data Booklet.

TIME 1 hour

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE

TOTAL

This question paper consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page.

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Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) The following diagram shows the apparatus needed to measure the standard electrode
potential of copper. In the spaces below, identify or describe what the three letters A–C
represent.

A
H2, 1 atm, 298 K copper
B

platinum black 1.0 mol dm–3

CuSO4(aq)
C

A .......................................................................................................................................

B .......................................................................................................................................

C .......................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A student wishes to measure the standard electrode potential of the Fe3+ / Fe2+
electrode. In the space below, draw and label the set-up for the right-hand beaker
that would replace the one shown in the diagram above.

[2]

(c) Predict how the E of the Fe3+ / Fe2+ electrode would vary as

(i) the [Fe3+] is increased,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) the [Fe2+] is increased.

...................................................................................................................................
[1]

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(d) An aqueous solution of iron(III) chloride is used to dissolve the excess of copper metal
from printed-circuit boards.

Use the half-equations and E –o values in the Data Booklet to

(i) write an equation for this reaction,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) calculate the E –o cell for the reaction.

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) The solution resulting from dissolving the copper from a small printed-circuit board was
acidified and titrated with 0.0200 mol dm–3 KMnO4. A volume of 75.0 cm3 was required
for the end point.

The equation for the titration reaction is as follows.

5Fe2+ + MnO4– + 8H+ → 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

Calculate

(i) the number of moles of Fe2+ in the solution,

(ii) the mass of copper that had dissolved from the printed-circuit board.

[4]

[Total: 12]

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2 (a) Write an equation to represent the lattice energy of sodium oxide, Na2O.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The Born-Haber cycle shown may be used to calculate the lattice energy of sodium
oxide.

2Na+(g) + O2–(g)

2
2Na+(g) + B

∆Hat(oxygen)
+ 1
2Na (g) + /2O2(g)
3

1
1
A + /2O2(g)

2∆Hat(Na)

2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g)
4
Na2O(s)

(i) In the spaces below, identify the species A and B in the cycle, including the
appropriate state symbols.

species A ................................... species B ...................................

(ii) Identify the enthalpy changes labelled by the numbers 1 to 4 in the cycle.

1 ................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................

4 ................................................................................................................................
[3]

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(c) Use your cycle, the following data, and further data from the Data Booklet to calculate a
value for the lattice energy of sodium oxide.

Data: enthalpy change of atomisation for Na(s) +107 kJ mol–1

first electron affinity of oxygen –141 kJ mol–1
second electron affinity of oxygen +798 kJ mol–1
enthalpy change of formation of Na2O(s) –414 kJ mol–1
enthalpy change of atomisation for oxygen = half the bond energy for O2.

[3]

(d) (i) How would you expect the magnitude of lattice energy of magnesium oxide to
compare with that of sodium oxide? Explain your reasoning.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) State a use of magnesium oxide, and explain how the use relates to your answer in
part (d) (i).

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 11]

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3 (a) (i) On the following axes, sketch the variation in melting points of the elements in
Goup IV.

melting
point

C Si Ge Sn Pb
[2]

(ii) Explain how this variation in melting point is related to the structure and bonding of
the elements.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(b) CCl4 and SiCl4 behave differently with water.

(i) Describe the reaction (if any) of CCl4 with water.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the reaction (if any) of SiCl4 with water.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Write equations for any reactions that occur.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(iv) Explain why these two chlorides differ in their behaviour with water.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 8]

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4 (a) The melting point and density of a typical transition element such as iron differ from
those of a typical s-block element such as calcium. Describe and explain these
differences.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Suggest a reason why iron forms compounds containing Fe3+ ions as well as
compounds containing Fe2+ ions, whereas calcium only forms compounds containing
Ca2+ ions.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) An important ore of iron is siderite, iron(II) carbonate. The first step in converting it into
iron is to heat it in air. When heated in air, both calcium carbonate and iron(II) carbonate
decompose, but in different ways.

(i) Write an equation to represent the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) When siderite is heated in air, carbon dioxide is evolved and iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3,
is left.

Construct an equation for this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Calculate how much iron(III) oxide can be obtained by heating 10 tonnes of
siderite.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

[Total: 8]

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5 Benzene can be converted into nitrobenzene by a nitration reaction.

NO2

(a) State the reagents and conditions necessary to carry out this reaction.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) What type of reaction mechanism is this?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The reaction proceeds via two steps:

+ X+ NO2 + Z+

(i) Draw the structure of the intermediate Y in the box.

(ii) Identify the cation X+..................................................................................................

(iii) Identify the cation Z+ ..................................................................................................

(iv) Write an equation to show how X+ is produced from the reagents.

...................................................................................................................................
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(d) Some aromatic poly-nitro compounds are used in perfumes as artificial musks. An
example is ‘Baur musk’.

CH3
O2N NO2

C(CH3)3
NO2

Baur musk

(i) Draw the structural formula of the hydrocarbon that could be nitrated in order to
produce Baur musk.

(ii) Suggest the structural formula of the compound formed by reacting Baur musk with
an excess of tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

[2]

[Total: 10]

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6 Amides can be made by reacting amines with acyl chlorides, as in the example below.
CH3CH2COCl + H2NCH2CH2CH3 → CH3CH2CONHCH2CH2CH3 + HCl

(a) What type of reaction mechanism is this?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) What compound could CH3CH2COCl be made from, and what reagent would you use?

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The amine CH3CH2CH2NH2 can be made from CH3CH2Br in two steps.

I II
CH3CH2Br CH3CH2CH2NH2

(i) Draw the structural formula of the intermediate in the box provided.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) State the reagents and conditions for step I.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the reagents and conditions for step II.

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

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(d) Kevlar is a low weight, high strength polyamide used as a reinforcement in car tyres,
aircraft wings and in bullet-proof vests. A portion of its chain is shown below.

NH NH–CO CO–NH NH

(i) What type of polymerisation produces Kevlar?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Draw the structural formulae of the monomers from which Kevlar is made.

(iii) Suggest a reason why Kevlar is much stronger than most other polyamides.

...................................................................................................................................

(iv) What reaction conditions are needed to break the amide bonds in Kevlar?

...................................................................................................................................
[4]

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