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5.2.1 Bicmos Process Flow: Next

The document describes the key steps in the BiCMOS process flow. It involves starting with a P-type wafer and forming buried N+ and P+ layers through implantation and annealing. An epitaxial layer is then grown, followed by formation of N-wells and P-wells through masked implantation. Field oxide is grown and the bipolar transistor regions are defined. Polysilicon is deposited and patterned to form the emitter, gate and interconnect layers. Source/drain and emitter regions are formed through implantation and annealing.

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47 views5 pages

5.2.1 Bicmos Process Flow: Next

The document describes the key steps in the BiCMOS process flow. It involves starting with a P-type wafer and forming buried N+ and P+ layers through implantation and annealing. An epitaxial layer is then grown, followed by formation of N-wells and P-wells through masked implantation. Field oxide is grown and the bipolar transistor regions are defined. Polysilicon is deposited and patterned to form the emitter, gate and interconnect layers. Source/drain and emitter regions are formed through implantation and annealing.

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amithbalu
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Next: 5.2.2 Process Discussion Up: 5.2 BiCMOS Process Technology Previous: 5.

2
BiCMOS Process Technology

5.2.1 BiCMOS Process Flow

We start up with a lightly-doped P-type wafer and form the buried N+ layer by ion
implantation of antimony into the respective mask pattern. The pattern is etched in
a 50nm thick oxide covering the substrate. The structure before the antimony
implantation is shown in Figure 5.2-1. Afterwards, a high temperature anneal is
performed to remove damage defects and to diffuse the antimony into the
substrate. During this anneal an oxide is grown in the buried N+ windows to provide
a silicon step for alignment of subsequent levels. To achieve breakdown between the
buried N+ regions a self-aligned punchtrough implant is performed. Therefore, the
nitride mask is selectively removed and the remaining oxide serves as blocking
mask for the buried P-layer implant (see Fig. 5.2-2).

Figure 5.2-1: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing N+ buried layer


implant.

Figure 5.2-2: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing P buried layer self
aligned implant

After removing all oxide a thick epitaxial layer with intrinsic doping is grown
on top (see Fig. 5.2-3). After the buried layer alignment is finished, a twin well
process is used to fabricate the N-well of the PMOS and the collector of the NPN
device. Therefore, the same masks are used as for the buried layers. Again, the
wafer is capped with a nitride layer which is opened at the N+ regions. After
implanting the N-type dopant a 350nm thick oxide is grown and the nitride is
stripped from the P+ regions. The subsequent P-well implant is self-aligned to the
well edge (see Fig. 5.2-5). As compared to conventional CMOS a relatively short well
drive-in (200min) is performed at with the oxide cap in place.
Figure 5.2-3: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process after growth of the EPI-layer.

Figure 5.2-4: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing EPI-layer masking


for N-well implant.

Figure 5.2-5: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing self-aligned P-well


implant. Previously, the N-wells were implanted and a 350nm oxide is grown, which
serves as blocking mask for the P-well implant.

After the wells are fabricated the whole wafer is planarized and a pad oxide is
grown. The oxide is capped with a thick nitride. After patterning the active regions of
the device, an etch step is used to open up the field isolation regions. Prior to field
oxidation, a blanket channel stop is implanted (see Fig. 5.2-6).

Figure 5.2-6: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing channel stop


implant. Before, the wafer was planarized and patterned.
Oxidation is used to fabricate a 850nm thick field oxide. To minimize buried layer
diffusion the oxidation temperature is quite moderate ( ). After removal of the
nitride masks from the active regions the structure is patterned to implant the deep
N+ subcollector. Therefore, phosphorus is implanted into the N-well of the collector
region (see Fig. 5.2-7).

Figure 5.2-7: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing deep N+


subcollector implant. The PMOS and NMOS devices are protected by the photoresist.

We continue with the fabrication of the intrinsic base for the bipolar device.
Therefore, the base region is opened and the base implant is performed. To ensure
low base-emitter capacitance a thicker gate oxide is deposited after the base
implant. This oxide will also serve as implantation shelter for the base region caused
from the CMOS threshold implants. The deposited oxide has to be removed from the
non base regions by an etch step. The structure after the intrinsic base implant and
prior to the base oxide deposition is shown in Figure 5.2-8.

Figure 5.2-8: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing the intrinsic base
implant.
Figure 5.2-9: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing the fabrication of
the polysilicon emitter. The emitter window is opened, followed by the polysilicon
deposition. The polysilicon is implanted and will serve as outdiffusion source to form
the emitter junction.

We proceed with the resist strip and perform a pre-gate oxide etch to clean the
oxide surface. A 20nm thick gate oxide is grown on top. The active emitter window
is patterned and opened up with an etching process until the whole gate oxide is
removed in the emitter region. Then a polysilicon layer is deposited, which forms the
emitter contact as well as the gate polysilicon layers. This polysilicon layer is
implanted with arsenic which will diffuse out from the polysilicon layer at the final
source-drain anneal to form the emitter junction (see Fig. 5.2-9).

Figure 5.2-10: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process before the NMOS LDD
doping is implanted. The subcollector is opened to collect additional N-type doping.

Figure 5.2-11: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing the source-drain


implantation of the NMOS device. Again, phosphorus is implanted into the
subcollector region.

The polysilicon layer is patterned to define the CMOS gates and the bipolar emitter.
After emitter formation, all subsequent process steps are well known from CMOS
technology. Phosphorus is implanted to form a shallow LDD region for the NMOS
device (see Fig 5.2-10). Then the sidewall spacer formation is initiated. Therefore, an
oxide layer is deposited and anisotropically etched back. Next, the source-drain
regions are heavily doped by phosphorus and boron, which is depicted in Figure 5.2-
11 and Figure 5.2-12, respectively. The P+ source-drain implant is also used for the
extrinsic base fabrication.
Finally, the fabrication of the active regions is finished by the source-drain anneal,
which is optimized for outdiffusion conditions of the bipolar device. Hence, a 15s
long RTA anneal at is performed. The final device structure including the
active area dopings is shown in Figure 5.2-13.

Figure 5.2-12: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process showing the PMOS source-
drain implantation, which is also applied to the base to form the extrinsic base
doping.

Figure 5.2-13: Device cross-section of BiCMOS process after fabrication of the


active areas. The source-drain anneal is optimized to emitter outdiffusion conditions.
Afterwards the structure is scheduled for a double-level interconnect process.

Next: 5.2.2 Process Discussion Up: 5.2 BiCMOS Process Technology Previous: 5.2
BiCMOS Process Technology

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