DRAFTING OF PLEADING FOR

MAINTENANCE
UNDER
SECTION 18 OF HINDU ADAPTION AND
MAINTENANCE ACT, 1956

Research Project submitted

Dr. Shakuntla Sangam
(Faculty: DPC)

Project submitted by

Amit Singh

(Enroll no.-150101012)

(Section-A, Sem-VI)

DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW

UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3

Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Research Methodology .................................................................................................................. 4

Table of Cases ................................................................................................................................ 5

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6

Maintenance under Hindu Adoption & Maintenance Act 1956 .................................................... 7

Section 18(1): When Wife Lives with Husband ........................................................................ 8

Section 18(2): When the Wife Lives apart ................................................................................. 9

Desertion (clause a) ................................................................................................................ 9

Cruelty (clause b).................................................................................................................... 9

Leprosy (clause c) ................................................................................................................. 10

Another wife is living (clause d) .......................................................................................... 10

Keeps a concubine (clause e)................................................................................................ 10

Conversion (clause f) ............................................................................................................ 10

Any other justifiable clause (clause g) ................................................................................. 11

Section 18(3): Forfeiture of the claim of Maintenance ............................................................ 11

Pleadings for maintenance under Section 18 ............................................................................... 12

Plaint: ........................................................................................................................................ 12

Affidavit in support of Plaint: .................................................................................................. 14

Written Statement:.................................................................................................................... 15

Affidavit in support of Written Statement: .............................................................................. 17

Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 18

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 19

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I feel highly elated to work on the topic “Drafting of Pleading for Maintenance under
Section 18 of Hindu Adaption and Maintenance Act, 1956”.

The practical realization of this project has obligated the assistance of many persons. I
express my deepest regard and gratitude for Dr. Shakuntla Sangam, Faculty of DPC. Her
consistent supervision, constant inspiration and invaluable guidance have been of immense
help in understanding and carrying out the nuances of the project report.

I would like to thank my family and friends without whose support and encouragement, this
project would not have been a reality.

I take this opportunity to also thank the University and the Vice Chancellor for providing
extensive database resources in the Library and through Internet.

Some printing errors might have crept in, which are deeply regretted. I would be grateful to
receive comments and suggestions to further improve this project report.

- B. Jay ant Kumar

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 OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the provisions regarding Maintenance of Wife under Hindu Adoption

and Maintenance Act, 1956.
2. To discuss the conditions requisite for claiming maintenance from a husband.
3. To draft a Plaint and Written Statement for maintenance on behalf of wife and
husband respectively.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Nature of research work: This project “Drafting of Pleading for Maintenance under Section
18 of Hindu Adaption and Maintenance Act, 1956” is a ‘Doctrinal’ work. Doctrinal research
includes studying books and established literature and not actually going to the field and
doing empirical research.

Source of research work: The sources of this project are both primary (bare acts, statutes, etc)
and secondary sources (books given by different authors, journals, internet, etc).

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 TABLE OF CASES
Cases

1) Chandra v. Nanak, AIR 1974 Del 175................................................................................. 7

2) Dattu v. Tarabai ................................................................................................................ 11
3) Gopin v. Anta Lal, AIR 1958 Pat 613 ............................................................................... 10
4) Jadumani v. Kumudini, AIR 1986 Ori 10. ........................................................................ 10
5) Jayanti v. Alamelu, (1904) 27 Mad 45. ............................................................................... 8
6) Katawati v. Ratan, AIR 1960 All 601. .............................................................................. 10
7) Kesharbai v. Haribhan, 1974 Mah L.J. 924 ....................................................................... 11
8) Laxmi Devi v. Nagana, AIR 1925 Mad 757........................................................................ 8
9) Meenakshi v. Muthukrishna .............................................................................................. 11
10) Meera v. Sukumar, AIR 1994 Mad 168. ............................................................................ 9
11) Mutyala v. Mutyala, AIR 1958 A.P. 582............................................................................ 8
12) Parami v. Mahadevi, (1909) 34 Bom 278. ......................................................................... 8
13) Rajathi v. Ganesan, AIR 1999 SC 2374. .......................................................................... 10
14) Rattamma v. Seshachalam, AIR 1927 Mad 502. ................................................................ 8
15) Shibli v. Jodh, (1833) 14 Lah 759 ...................................................................................... 8
16) Sita v. Gopal, AIR 1928 Pat 275 ........................................................................................ 8
17) Srinivasa v. Lakshmi, AIR 1928 Mad 216 ......................................................................... 7
18) State of M.P. v. Deo Bati, AIR 1960 MP 245 .................................................................. 10
19) Subbegonda v. Hannamma, AIR 1984 Kant 41. .............................................................. 10
20) Thulsai v. Raghuvan, AIR 1985 Ker 20 ............................................................................. 7
21) Venkayya v. Raghavamma, AIR 1942 Mad 1. ................................................................. 11

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 INTRODUCTION

The concept of maintenance owes its allegiance to the Great Sages where it was
inconceivable if any person more especially a woman would go unprovided for. Maintenance
was regarded as a duty, a duty of a Hindu, which he owed to his relations and by which both,
the person and property, were bound.

The rules relating to maintenance were the inevitable consequence of the doctrine of unity of
legal personality. The wife, lacking the capacity to hold property, could neither own the bare
necessities of life nor enter into a binding contract to buy them. The husband alone had the
right and capacity to hold all means and property. It is in the light of this basic premise that
the various elements in the concept of alimony and maintenance took shape and developed.
One of the principles that emerged imposed an essential obligation upon a married man to
1
provide his wife with at least bare necessities.

The right of maintenance was a recurring right accruing from time to time and it was personal
and non‐transferable. The right to future maintenance was not attachable and was subject to
debts which were payable out of the property against which the right of maintenance was
being enforced. The measures for maintenance were secular and social in character aimed at
avoiding immorality and destitution. The principles of Hindu personal law had developed in
an evolutionary way so as to make fair provision against the destitution. Its field of operation
is humanistic in nature although it laid down the permissible categories under its benefaction.

Maintenance refers to payments which a husband is under an obligation to make to a wife

either during the subsistence of the marriage or upon separation or divorce, under certain
circumstances. This liability of the husband flows from the bond of matrimony. A wife is
entitled to claim maintenance under the personal laws as well as under the provisions of Code
2
of Criminal Procedure 1973.

In this project the maintenance petition is filed under Section 18 of Hindu Adoption and
Maintenance Act 1956 therefore the law relating to it will only be discussed here.

1
Vandana R. Aneja & Rajat Aneja, Maintenance of a Hindu Wife, http://anejaandaneja.com/MAINTENANCE
%20OF%20A%20HINDU%20WIFE-%5B1%5D.pdf (Last viewed, February 19, 2014).
2 rd
KUSUM, FAMILY LAW LECTURES FAMILY LAW I 213 (3 ed., 2011).
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 MAINTENANCE UNDER HINDU ADOPTION & MAINTENANCE ACT
1956

Section 18 of this Act gives a general rule that a Hindu wife, whether married before or after
the commencement of this Act, is entitled to be maintained by her husband during her
lifetime. It also allows a Hindu wife to live separately from her husband without forfeiting
her claim to maintenance provided her separate living is justified which means that the
husband:

1. is guilty of desertion, that is to say, of abandoning her without reasonable cause and
without her consent or against her wish, or willfully neglecting her;
2. has treated her with such cruelty as to cause a reasonable apprehension in her mind
that it will be harmful or injurious to live with her husband;
3. is suffering from a virulent form of leprosy;
4. has any other wife living;
5. keeps a concubine in the same house in which his wife is living or habitually resides
with a concubine elsewhere;
6. has ceased to be a Hindu by conversion to another religion; or
7. if there is any other cause justifying living separately.

The section provides two specific bars which would disentitle a wife from claiming
maintenance under this act, viz:
1. if she is unchaste; or
2. if she ceases to be a Hindu by conversion to another religion.

Section 3(b) of this Act gives an inclusive definition of the term ‘maintenance’ as follows:

i. in all cases, provision for food, clothing, residence, education and medical attendance
and treatment;
ii. in the case of an unmarried daughter, also the reasonable expenses of an incidents to
3
her marriage;

In case of unmarried daughter, maintenance even includes reasonable expenses of

4
her marriage.

3
See also Srinivasa v. Lakshmi, AIR 1928 Mad 216 (things necessary for the comfort and status); Thulsai v.
Raghuvan, AIR 1985 Ker 20 (includes food, clothing, residence, education, medical treatment and attendance).
4
Chandra v. Nanak, AIR 1974 Del 175.

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The obligation of the husband to maintain his wife does not arise out of any contract, express
or implied, but out of the status of marriage, out of the jural relationship of husband and wife
5
created by the performance of the marriage. The obligation of the husband to maintain his
wife begins with marriage. It is irrespective of the fact whether he has or has no property.
Hindu law-givers did not deny maintenance even to an unchaste wife, provided she continued
6
to live with her husband though in such a case she was entitled to starving maintenance.

Under the ancient Hindu law, a wife who did not live with her husband, whatever is the cause
was not entitled to maintenance. But gradually law developed and it came to be established
that a wife living separate from her husband for some justifiable cause can claim
7
maintenance.

Section 18(1): When Wife Lives with Husband

A wife who resides with her husband must be maintained by him. It cannot be a valid ground
to refuse maintenance that his financial condition is not good. The obligation of the husband
8
to maintain his wife is a personal obligation. Except the husband, no other member of the
family has any personal obligation to maintain her. A Hindu wife is entitled to be maintained
by her husband during her lifetime.

The husband’s obligation to maintain her comes to an end only when she leaves him without
9
any good cause or without his consent. Subsection (3) of section 18 lays down that a Hindu
wife shall not be entitled to separate residence and maintenance from her husband is she is
unchaste or ceased to be a Hindu by conversion to another religion. This subsection is not
applicable to the case of wife who lives with her husband i.e. subsection (1) of Section 18, it
only applies to the wife who lives apart from the husband under subsection (2). Therefore an
unchaste wife, who left her husband but subsequently repented, performed expiatory rites and
10
returned to live with her husband, was entitled to maintenance.

5
Laxmi Devi v. Nagana, AIR 1925 Mad 757; Rattamma v. Seshachalam, AIR 1927 Mad 502.
6
Parami v. Mahadevi, (1909) 34 Bom 278.
7
Section 18 of Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956.
8
Jayanti v. Alamelu, (1904) 27 Mad 45.
9
Mutyala v. Mutyala, AIR 1958 A.P. 582.
10
Sita v. Gopal, AIR 1928 Pat 275; Shibli v. Jodh, (1833) 14 Lah 759.

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Section 18(2): When the Wife Lives apart

A wife who lives apart with the consent of the husband is entitled to maintenance. She is also
entitled to maintenance if she lives separate from her husband for a justifiable cause. This
subsection lays down grounds on which a wife may live separate and claim maintenance,
these are:

Desertion (clause a)

‘Desertion’ as a ground for living separate is defined by section 18(2) as “abandoning her
without reasonable cause and without her consent or against her wish or of willfully
neglecting her”. The distinction between ‘desertion’ as a ground for living separately and as a
ground for judicial separation or divorce under Section 10 and 13 of Hindu Marriage Act,
1955 is that under latter, desertion must be at least for two years of duration, while under the
former it may be of any duration. On the ground of willful neglect by the husband, wife can
11
live separately and claim maintenance.

Cruelty (clause b)

‘Cruelty’ here is given the same meaning as given in Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The legal
conception of cruelty and the degree of cruelty necessary to afford a ground to the wife to
claim separate maintenance and residence under the present clause has been left to be
gathered from the general principles, and the legislature has only given a criteria i.e.
reasonable apprehension in the mind of the wife that it will be harmful or injurious to her to
12
live with her husband.

It may be said that to amount cruelty, there must be such willful treatment of the wife by the
husband, which causes suffering in body or mind, whether in realization or apprehension in
such a way so as to render cohabitation harmful or injurious, having regard to the
13
circumstances of each case, keeping in view the character and condition of the parties.

11
Meera v. Sukumar, AIR 1994 Mad 168.
12 th
S.A. DESAI, MULLA: HINDU LAW, Vol II, 590 (20 ed., 2007).
13
Id.

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Leprosy (clause c)

‘Leprosy’ as a ground for separate residence may be of any duration, no period is prescribed,
but it must be existing at the time when the claim for separate residence and maintenance is
made, it may have been existing before the marriage or it may have come into existence
shortly before the claim is made.

Another wife is living (clause d)

Any wife can claim for separate residence and maintenance provided one more wife is living
14
at the time when the claim is made. It is also immaterial that the wife had consented to the
15
second marriage of the husband. A wife is entitled to separate residence and maintenance
under this clause where the other wife is alive, and it is not necessary that the latter should
16
have been or is living with the husband. It is also essential that both the marriages of the
17
husband are valid.

Keeps a concubine (clause e)

If the husband keeps a concubine in the same house in which his wife is living or habitually
resides with a concubine elsewhere, he performs the extreme forms of ‘living in adultery’. In
18
either case the wife is entitled to live separately and claim maintenance from her husband.

Conversion (clause f)

In the present context conversion means the husband has voluntarily relinquished his religion
and adopted another religion after a formal ceremonial conversion. A Hindu does not cease to
be a Hindu merely because he professes a theoretical allegiance to another faith or is ardent
admirer and advocate of such religion and its practices. However, if he abdicates his religion
by a clear act of renunciation and adopts the other religion, he would cease to be a Hindu
19
within the meaning of this clause.

14
Gopin v. Anta Lal, AIR 1958 Pat 613; State of M.P. v. Deo Bati, AIR 1960 MP 245.
15
Jadumani v. Kumudini, AIR 1986 Ori 10.
16
Katawati v. Ratan, AIR 1960 All 601.
17
Subbegonda v. Hannamma, AIR 1984 Kant 41.
18
Rajathi v. Ganesan, AIR 1999 SC 2374.
19 th
S.A. DESAI, MULLA: HINDU LAW, Vol II, 596 (20 ed., 2007).
~ 10 ~
Any other justifiable clause (clause g)

This is a residuary clause. The conduct of the husband should be such that, in the opinion of
the court, the wife has ‘grave and weighty’ or ‘grave and convincing’ reason for withdrawing
from the society of the husband, and it would amount to a justifiable cause. It is submitted
that all those cases where the court may refuse husband’s petition for restitution of conjugal
rights will be covered under this clause entitling a wife to claim separate residence and
20
maintenance from the husband.

Section 18(3): Forfeiture of the claim of Maintenance

A wife entitled to separate residence and maintenance may forfeit her claim in the following
three cases:

i. An. unchaste wife has no right to claim separate residence and maintenance,
ii. A wife who has ceased to be a Hindu by conversion to another religion has no right to
claim maintenance.

Once a view was that when the wife who had resumed cohabitation with her husband forfeits
her claim for separate residence and maintenance, because the pre-condition of the claim is
that the wife is living separately from her husband, if that pre-condition ceases to exist, the
21 22
wife cannot continue to claim maintenance. But in Meenakshi v. Muthukrishna, the court
said that just because the wife had sexual intercourse with her husband, while she continued
to live separate from her husband, may not extinguish the decree for separate maintenance.

23
Similarly, in Dattu v. Tarabai, the court observed that by mere resumption of cohabitation,
the order of maintenance passed under Section 18(2) does not terminate. It is submitted that
these are correct. So long as the basis of separate living is not extinguished, she will be
24
entitled to live separate and claim maintenance.

20
Kesharbai v. Haribhan, 1974 Mah L.J. 924.
21
Venkayya v. Raghavamma, AIR 1942 Mad 1.
22
AIR 1961 Mad 380.
23
AIR 1985 Bom 106.
24 th
PARAS DIWAN, MODERN HINDU LAW 453 (20 ed., 2009).
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 PLEADINGS FOR MAINTENANCE UNDER SECTION 18
Plaint:
In the Court of District Family Judge
Raipur
Petition No. _____, 2014

‘A’ w/o ‘B’, 32 Years,

R/o Plot- 21, Street- 7,
Malviya Nagar, Raipur …Petitioner

Versus

‘B’ s/o ‘X’, 33 Years,

R/o Plot- 29, Street- 21,
Nehru Nagar, Raipur …Non-Petitioner

Subject: - Under Section 18 of Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956.

The above named petitioner submits as follows: -

nd
1) That the petitioner got married to married to the non-petitioner on 2 June 2009 at
Raipur. The marriage was solemnized by performing all the necessary ceremonies
required for the valid marriage under Hindu Marriage Act 1955.

2) That the petitioner and non-petitioner after marriage lived together in their
matrimonial home with utmost desire and satisfaction for one year by performing all
the conjugal rights and ceremonies.

3) That the non-petitioner soon after the marriage started demanding dowry from the
petitioner and her family. The non-petitioner even started physically beating for non-
fulfillment of continuous demand of dowry, hence treated the petitioner with cruelty.

4) That the act of non-petitioner amounts to such cruelty as to cause a reasonable

apprehension in petitioner’s mind that it will be harmful or injurious to live with her
husband.

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 5) That the act of non-petitioner amounts to cruelty towards the petitioner and therefore
becomes a ground to live separately and claim maintenance from the non-petitioner.

6) That the cause of action has been arose because of the act of cruelty being done upon
the petitioner by the non-petitioner, hence the petitioner has a right to file a petition
for maintenance on ground of cruelty.

7) That the court has jurisdiction to hear the case.

8) That the petition has been filed within the prescribed period of limitation.

9) That the court fee has been paid.

Prayer

The petitioner, therefore, prays for the judgment and decree as under:

1) A decree in her favour of petitioner for separate residence and maintenance of Rupees
Fifteen Thousand per month.

2) Costs of suit be also awarded.

3) And or any other relief be granted that be deemed fit and proper in this case.

Signature
Date: 1.03.2014 Petitioner ____________
Place: Raipur Advocate_____________

Verification

I ‘A’ do hereby declare on oath that the contents of paragraphs 1 – 6 are true to the

best of my knowledge and the contents of paragraphs 7 – 9 are believed to be true on the
basis of information given to me by the learned counsel.
God help me, nothing is escaped and nothing is false.

Signature
Date: 1.03.2014 Petitioner ____________
Place: Raipur

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Affidavit in support of Plaint:

In the Court of District Family Judge

Raipur
Petition No. _____, 2014

‘A’ w/o ‘B’, 32 Years,

R/o Plot- 21, Street- 7,
Malviya Nagar, Raipur … Petitioner

Versus

‘B’ s/o ‘X’, 33 Years,

R/o Plot- 29, Street- 21,
Nehru Nagar, Raipur …Non-Petitioner

Subject: - Under Section 18 of Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956.

I, the above named petitioner, states on oath:

1) That I am the petitioner in the present case.

2) That the plaint has been drafted by my counsel under my instructions and has been
explained to me by him and I have understood the contents of the plaint properly.

3) That the contents of paragraphs 1 – 6 are true to the best of my knowledge and the
contents of paragraphs 7 – 9 are believed to be true on the basis of information given
to me by my learned counsel.

Signature of Deponent

Verification

I, deponent, declares on oath that the contents of paragraphs 1 – 3 are true to the best of my
knowledge and nothing has been escaped and false.

Date: 1.03.2014 Signature of Deponent

Place: Raipur

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Written Statement:

In the Court of District Family Judge

Raipur
Petition No. _____, 2014

‘A’ w/o ‘B’, 32 Years,

R/o Plot- 21, Street- 7,
Malviya Nagar, Raipur … Petitioner

Versus

‘B’ s/o ‘X’, 33 Years,

R/o Plot- 29, Street- 21,
Nehru Nagar, Raipur …Non-Petitioner

Subject: - Under Order VIII of Civil Procedure Code, 1908.

The above named non-petitioner submits as follows: -

1) That the contents of Para 1 of the plaint are admitted.

2) That the contents of Para 2 of the plaint are admitted.

3) That the contents of Para 3 of the plaint are not admitted. The non-petitioner never
demanded dowry from either the petitioner or her parents. There was no such act of
physical assault of the petitioner by the non-petitioner instead they are happily living
together in their matrimonial home.

4) That the contents of Para 4 of the plaint are denied. As there was no such act of
cruelty so as to cause reasonable apprehension in petitioner’s mind that it will be
harmful or injurious to live with her husband, the petitioner is in very much capacity
to live together with non-petitioner in their matrimonial home.

5) That the contents of Para 5 are denied. There is no act of cruelty towards the
petitioner and therefore there is no ground to live separately and claim maintenance
from the non-petitioner.

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 6) That the contents of Para 6 are not admitted. There does not arise any cause of action
so the petitioner does not have any right to file a petition for maintenance.

7) That the contents of Para 7 are admitted.

8) That the contents of Para 8 are admitted.

9) That the contents of Para 9 are admitted.

Prayer

The non-petitioner, therefore, prays for the judgment and decree as under:

1) A decree in favour of non-petitioner denying any kind of maintenance to the

petitioner.

2) Costs of suit be also awarded.

3) And or any other relief be granted that be deemed fit and proper in this case.

Signature
Date: 16.03.2014 Non-Petitioner _____________
Place: Raipur Advocate _____________

Verification

I ‘B’ do hereby declare on oath that the contents of paragraphs 1 – 6 are true to the

best of my knowledge and the contents of paragraphs 7 – 9 are believed to be true on the
basis of information given to me by the learned counsel.
God help me, nothing is escaped and nothing is false.

Signature
Date: 16.03.2014 Non-Petitioner ____________
Place: Raipur

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Affidavit in support of Written Statement:

In the Court of District Family Judge

Raipur
Petition No. _____, 2014

‘A’ w/o ‘B’, 32 Years,

R/o Plot- 21, Street- 7,
Malviya Nagar, Raipur … Petitioner

Versus

‘B’ s/o ‘X’, 33 Years,

R/o Plot- 29, Street- 21,
Nehru Nagar, Raipur …Non-Petitioner

Subject: - Under Order VIII of Civil Procedure Code, 1908.

I, the above named non-petitioner, states on oath:

1) That I am the non-petitioner in the present case.

2) That the written statement has been drafted by my counsel under my instructions and
has been explained to me by him and I have understood the contents of the written
statement properly.

3) That the contents of paragraphs 1 – 6 are true to the best of my knowledge and the
contents of paragraphs 7 – 9 are believed to be true on the basis of information given
to me by my learned counsel.

Signature of Deponent

Verification

I, deponent, declares on oath that the contents of paragraphs 1 – 3 are true to the best of my
knowledge and nothing has been escaped and false.

Date: 1.03.2014 Signature of Deponent

Place: Raipur

~ 17 ~
 CONCLUSION
The right of wife to claim maintenance from husband is an important feature of Hindu Law
which has been derived from our age‐old traditions and customs, Dharamshastras and
Shastric Hindu Law. The birth of this valuable right has its logic in the corresponding rights
and duties of husband and the wife. It is not only the husband who shoulders the
responsibility of maintaining his wife and children besides providing them with love, warmth
and affection. The wife has an equal duty to perform in the matrimonial household, foremost
among which lies in her sincerity and integrity with the husband. Moreover, she has an
equally important task of sharing the feelings of love, sorrow and happiness with her
husband.

The remedies provided to a wife under the Hindu Law to claim maintenance from her
husband has its roots in three different enactments: Hindu Marriage Act 1955; Hindu
Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956; and Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. Section 18 of
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956 provides an independent and substantive remedy
to a Hindu wife to lay a claim for maintenance against her husband. This provision confers an
important right to the wife to claim any amount of maintenance against her husband, subject
of course, to the factors to be considered while awarding the quantum. However, there is no
ceiling limit on the amount of claim to be made. It is dependent upon the social environment
to which the parties belong and other relevant factors.

This project dealt with all the relevant laws relating to maintenance under Section 18 of
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act 1956 and also discussed a specimen of the petition
which needs to be filed by the wife before the District Family Judge.

~ 18 ~
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:

1) DR. AMIT SEN, LEAGAL LANGUAGE, LEGAL WRITING AND LEGAL DRAFTING, Kamal Law
nd
House (2 ed., 2006).
2) KS GOPALAKRISHNANS, PLEADINGS AND PRACTICE, ALT Publications (2004).
rd
3) KUSUM, FAMILY LAW LECTURES FAMILY LAW I, Lexis Nexis Butterworths (3 ed.,
2011).
th
4) MAYNE’S, HINDU LAW AND USAGE, Bharat Law House (16 ed., 2012).
nd
5) MURALI MANOHAR, CONVEYANCING AND PLEADING, Eastern Book Company (2 ed.,
2004).
th
6) PARAS DIWAN, MODERN HINDU LAW, Allahbad Law Agency (20 ed., 2009).
th
7) S.A. DESAI, MULLA: HINDU LAW, Vol II, Lexis Nexis Butterworths (20 ed., 2007).
8) S.R. MYNENI, DRAFTING, PLEADING & CONVEYANCING, Asia Law House (2008).

Article:

1) Vandana R. Aneja & Rajat Aneja, Maintenance of a Hindu Wife,

http://anejaandaneja.com/MAINTENANCE%20OF%20A%20HINDU%20WIFE-
%5B1%5D.pdf (Last viewed, February 19, 2014).

~ 19 ~