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Dimentional Array

C arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same data type sequentially in contiguous memory locations. There are two types of arrays: one-dimensional arrays which store elements in a single list, and multi-dimensional arrays which can have two or more dimensions. Arrays are useful for storing multiple values of the same type and accessing them via indices, rather than declaring separate variables, and allow bulk operations on the stored data.

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41 views

Dimentional Array

C arrays allow storing a fixed number of elements of the same data type sequentially in contiguous memory locations. There are two types of arrays: one-dimensional arrays which store elements in a single list, and multi-dimensional arrays which can have two or more dimensions. Arrays are useful for storing multiple values of the same type and accessing them via indices, rather than declaring separate variables, and allow bulk operations on the stored data.

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C - Arrays

Arrays a kind of data structure that can store a fixed-size sequential collection of
elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often
more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.
C Array is a collection of variables belongings to the same data type. You can store
group of data of same data type in an array.

 Array might be belonging to any of the data types


 Array size must be a constant value.
 Always, Contiguous (adjacent) memory locations are used to store array elements
in memory.
 It is a best practice to initialize an array to zero or null while declaring, if we don’t
assign any values to array.
EXAMPLE FOR C ARRAYS:
 int a[10]; // integer array
 char b[10]; // character array i.e. string
TYPES OF C ARRAYS:
There are 2 types of C arrays. They are,

1. One dimensional array


2. Multi dimensional array
 Two dimensional array
 Three dimensional array
 four dimensional array etc…
Why we need Array in C Programming?
Consider a scenario where you need to find out the average of 100 integer numbers
entered by user. In C, you have two ways to do this: 1) Define 100 variables with int
data type and then perform 100 scanf() operations to store the entered values in the
variables and then at last calculate the average of them. 2) Have a single integer array
to store all the values, loop the array to store all the entered values in array and later
calculate the average.
Which solution is better according to you? Obviously the second solution, it is
convenient to store same data types in one single variable and later access them using
array index
Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99,
you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1],
and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is
accessed by an index.

All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to
the first element and the highest address to the last element.
1. ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY IN C:
Syntax : data-type arr_name[array_size];

Array declaration, initialization and accessing Example


Array declaration syntax:
data_type arr_name [arr_size];
Array initialization syntax:
data_type arr_name [arr_size]=(value1, value2, value3,….);
Array accessing syntax:
arr_name[index];

Integer array example:


int age [5];
int age[5]={0, 1, 2, 3, 4};

age[0]; /*0 is accessed*/


age[1]; /*1 is accessed*/
age[2]; /*2 is accessed*/

Character array example:


char str[10];
char str[10]={‘H’,‘a’,‘i’};
(or)
char str[0] = ‘H’;
char str[1] = ‘a’;
char str[2] = ‘i;

str[0]; /*H is accessed*/


str[1]; /*a is accessed*/
str[2]; /*i is accessed*/

Declaring Arrays
To declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements and the
number of elements required by an array as follows −
type arrayName [ arraySize ];

This is called a single-dimensional array. The arraySize must be an integer constant


greater than zero and type can be any valid C data type. For example, to declare a 10-
element array called balance of type double, use this statement −
double balance[10];

Here balance is a variable array which is sufficient to hold up to 10 double numbers.


Initializing Arrays
You can initialize an array in C either one by one or using a single statement as follows
double balance[5] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};

The number of values between braces { } cannot be larger than the number of
elements that we declare for the array between square brackets [ ].

If you omit the size of the array, an array just big enough to hold the initialization is
created. Therefore, if you write −
double balance[] = {1000.0, 2.0, 3.4, 7.0, 50.0};

You will create exactly the same array as you did in the previous example. Following is
an example to assign a single element of the array −
balance[4] = 50.0;

The above statement assigns the 5th element in the array with a value of 50.0. All
arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called the base index and
the last index of an array will be total size of the array minus 1. Shown below is the
pictorial representation of the array we discussed above −

Accessing Array Elements


An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of
the element within square brackets after the name of the array. For example −
double salary = balance[9];

The above statement will take the 10 th element from the array and assign the value to
salary variable. The following example Shows how to use all the three above mentioned
concepts viz. declaration, assignment, and accessing arrays −

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {

int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */


int i,j;

/* initialize elements of array n to 0 */


for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
n[ i ] = i + 100; /* set element at location i to i + 100 */
}

/* output each array element's value */


for (j = 0; j < 10; j++ ) {
printf("Element[%d] = %d\n", j, n[j] );
}

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Element[0] = 100
Element[1] = 101
Element[2] = 102
Element[3] = 103
Element[4] = 104
Element[5] = 105
Element[6] = 106
Element[7] = 107
Element[8] = 108
Element[9] = 109

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