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Windows Presentation Foundation: C# Programming

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a graphical subsystem in .NET that provides a unified way to develop richer user interfaces for desktop and web applications. WPF supports advanced 2D and 3D graphics, animation, audio, video and more. Developers use XAML and code behind files to define user interface elements in a declarative manner. Elements are organized in panels using layouts like Canvas, DockPanel and Grid. WPF allows for styles, resources and data binding to create flexible and reusable interfaces.

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43 views21 pages

Windows Presentation Foundation: C# Programming

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a graphical subsystem in .NET that provides a unified way to develop richer user interfaces for desktop and web applications. WPF supports advanced 2D and 3D graphics, animation, audio, video and more. Developers use XAML and code behind files to define user interface elements in a declarative manner. Elements are organized in panels using layouts like Canvas, DockPanel and Grid. WPF allows for styles, resources and data binding to create flexible and reusable interfaces.

Uploaded by

himanshu misra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Windows Presentation Foundation

C# Programming

April 18
Windows Presentation Foundation
• WPF (code-named “Avalon”) is the graphical subsystem of
the .NET 3.0 Framework
• It provides a new unified way to develop richer UIs for both
desktop and web applications
• Much richer than that WinForms – supports advanced 2-D
and 3-D graphics, animation, audio, video, and more
• Provides a greater separation of UI and business logic
XAML
• Extensible Application Markup Language is used to describe
the controls on the UI
• Controls on the application’s Window or Page form a element
tree hierarchy
• Set properties of controls in XAML
• Also set up event handlers that are defined in the .cs files
behind the UI
Platforms / Tools
• Installed with Vista
• Can also be added on to XPSP2 and Server 2003
• There are many tools to help develop XAML UIs:
• XamlPad
• .NET 3.0 extension for Visual Studio 2005
• Visual Studio “Orcas”
• Microsoft Expression Blend (code-named “Sparkle”)
• Desktop apps run standalone on .NET 3.0
• Web apps run within the browser with restricted security
• Microsoft Silverlight (formerly known as WPF Everywhere) is
a lightweight subset of WPF for mobile devices
Hello, Desktop World

<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/
xaml/presentation"
Title="Hello, Desktop World!">
<Button>Click Me!</Button>
</Window>
Hello, Web World

<Page
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/
xaml/presentation"
Title="Hello, Web World!">
<Button>Click Me!</Button>
</Page>
Setting Properties and Handlers

<Window x:Class="WindowsApplication8.Window1"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/
xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/
xaml"
Title="WindowsApplication8" Height="200" Width="200">
<Button Background="Red"
Height="100"
Width="100"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
Click="ClickHandler">Click Me</Button>
</Window>

• ClickHandler is a method defined in the code-behind file


Window1.xaml.cs
Layout
• The controls on a window or page are organized in an element
tree
• There are different kinds of Panels for organizing controls in
different ways
• By nesting panels, arbitrarily complex UIs can be organized
Canvas
• The most flexible panel is Canvas
• It behaves similar to WinForms in that controls are specified
by absolute x- and y-position relative to the canvas
• Items that appear in last in the tree have the highest z-order
<Canvas>
<Canvas Height="100" Width="100" Top="0"
Left="0" Background="Red"/>
<Canvas Height="100" Width="100" Top="100"
Left="100" Background="Green"/>
<Canvas Height="100" Width="100" Top="50"
Left="50" Background="Blue"/>
</Canvas>
DockPanel
• DockPanel is a container that positions its elements along the
edges of the container
• Elements can be position at the Top, Bottom, Left, or Right
• You can also have the last element added fill the remaining
space of the container
<DockPanel LastChildFill="True">
<Border Height="25" Background="SkyBlue" BorderBrush="Black"
BorderThickness="1" DockPanel.Dock="Top">
<TextBlock Foreground="Black">Dock = "Top"</TextBlock>
</Border>
<Border Height="25" Background="SkyBlue" BorderBrush="Black"
BorderThickness="1" DockPanel.Dock="Top">
<TextBlock Foreground="Black">Dock = "Top"</TextBlock>
</Border>
<Border Height="25" Background="LemonChiffon" BorderBrush="Black"
BorderThickness="1" DockPanel.Dock="Bottom">
<TextBlock Foreground="Black">Dock = "Bottom"</TextBlock>
</Border>
<Border Width="200" Background="PaleGreen" BorderBrush="Black"
BorderThickness="1" DockPanel.Dock="Left">
<TextBlock Foreground="Black">Dock = "Left"</TextBlock>
</Border>
<Border Background="White" BorderBrush="Black"
BorderThickness="1">
<TextBlock Foreground="Black">This content will "Fill" the remaining
</Border>
</DockPanel>
More Panels
• The other two major types of panels are StackPanel and
Grid
• StackPanels position all their children from top to bottom or
left to right
• Grids break up the display into rows and columns that
contain elements
• You can use a Grid to specify that a particular row or column
should occupy a fixed percentage of the window size
Resources
• For each element you can provide a resource dictionary
• This contains values that can be used within the scope of the
element

<Window>
<Window.Resources>
<Color x:Key="MyColor" R="10" G="3" B="100" />
</Window.Resources>
<Button Background="{StaticResource MyColor}" />
</Window>
Styles
• A very useful resource is a Style
• A Style can be used to set properties of several controls in a
concise and organized way
• Styles also make it very easy to change the look of the UI,
like CSS does for webpages
<Window xmlns="...">
<Window.Resources>
<Style TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Background" Value="Orange" />
<Setter Property="Margin" Value="10, 10, 10, 10" />
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Verdana" />
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="20" />
</Style>
</Window.Resources>
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions><RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition/></Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition />
<ColumnDefinition /></Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Button Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0">1</Button>
<Button Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0">2</Button>
<Button Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1">3</Button>
<Button Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1">4</Button>
</Grid>
</Window>
Styles
2-D Graphics
• Common shapes are pre-defined elements
• Can define custom vector shapes
• These elements, like any other, can received keyboard and
mouse input!
• ...this would have been nice for the Vector Graphics
assignment :-)
3-D Graphics and Animation
[Samples]
Other Features
• Data binding
• Video and audio elements
• Fixed and flow documents

Bottom line: You know how to design GUIs using WinForms, but
there are a lot of features to learn in WPF that help create better
looking user interfaces!

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