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DDA Algorithm

The DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer) algorithm is used to draw lines on a digital display. It works by calculating the change in x or y per step using slope equations, and rounding the result to the nearest integer pixel position. There are two cases - for positive slope it calculates successive y values, and for negative slope it calculates successive x values. It iterates through these calculations from start to end point to determine all points along the line.

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2K views

DDA Algorithm

The DDA (Digital Differential Analyzer) algorithm is used to draw lines on a digital display. It works by calculating the change in x or y per step using slope equations, and rounding the result to the nearest integer pixel position. There are two cases - for positive slope it calculates successive y values, and for negative slope it calculates successive x values. It iterates through these calculations from start to end point to determine all points along the line.

Uploaded by

jayanthikrishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DDA Algorithm (Digital Differential Analyzer)

• It is a scan-conversion line algorithm Based on calculating either Δy or Δx using the


above equations.

• We sample the line at unit intervals in one coordinate and determine corresponding
integer values nearest the line path for the other coordinate.

• There are two cases:

– Positive slop

– Negative slop

DDA- Line with positive Slope

If m ≤ 1 then take Δx = 1

• Compute successive y by

yk+1 = yk + m (1)

• Subscript k takes integer values starting from 1, for the first point, and increases by
1 until the final end point is reached.

• Since 0.0 < m ≤ 1.0, the calculated y values must be rounded to the nearest integer
pixel position.

• If m > 1, reverse the role of x and y and take Δy = 1, calculate successive x from

xk+1 = xk + 1/m (2)

• In this case, each computed x value is rounded to the nearest integer pixel position.

• The above equations are based on the assumption that lines are to be processed
from left endpoint to right endpoint.

• In case the line is processed from Right endpoint to Left endpoint, then

Δx = −1, yk+1 = yk − m for m ≤ 1 (3)

or

Δy = −1, xk+1 = xk −1/m for m > 1 (4)

DDA- Line with negative Slope

• If m < 1,

– use(1) [provided line is calculated from left to right] and

– use(3) [provided line is calculated from right to left].


• If m ≥ 1

– use (2) or (4).

Advantages of DDA Algorithm

1. It is the simplest algorithm

2. It is a is a faster method for calculating pixel positions

Disadvantages of DDA Algorithm

1. Floating point arithmetic in DDA algorithm is still time-consuming

2. End point accuracy is poor

Example: Consider the line from (0,0) to (4,6)

1. xa=0, ya =0 and xb=4 yb=6

2. dx=xb-xa = 4-0 = 4 and dy=yb-ya=6-0= 6

3. x=0 and y=0


4. 4 > 6 (false) so, steps=6

5. Calculate xIncrement = dx/steps = 4 / 6 = 0.66 and yIncrement = dy/steps =6/6=1

6. Setpixel(x,y) = Setpixel(0,0) (Starting Pixel Position)

7. Iterate the calculation for xIncrement and yIncrement for steps(6) number of times.

Tabulation of the each iteration

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