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    Glowing Infections: Exposing Fungal Infections With Bioluminescence

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    Raffy Lopez
    The document discusses the use of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to diagnose fungal infections. It first describes common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Current diagnostic methods are challenging. BLI uses bioluminescent proteins like luciferase to detect light emission from fungal cells, allowing visualization of fungal infections in vivo in a non-invasive manner. The presentation aims to explain what bioluminescence is and how BLI can be used to better understand and diagnose fungal disease progression and location in real-time.

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    Glowing Infections: Exposing Fungal Infections With Bioluminescence

    Uploaded by

    Raffy Lopez
    26 views4 pages
    The document discusses the use of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to diagnose fungal infections. It first describes common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Current diagnostic methods are challenging. BLI uses bioluminescent proteins like luciferase to detect light emission from fungal cells, allowing visualization of fungal infections in vivo in a non-invasive manner. The presentation aims to explain what bioluminescence is and how BLI can be used to better understand and diagnose fungal disease progression and location in real-time.

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    The document discusses the use of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to diagnose fungal infections. It first describes common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Current diagnostic methods are challenging. BLI uses bioluminescent proteins like luciferase to detect light emission from fungal cells, allowing visualization of fungal infections in vivo in a non-invasive manner. The presentation aims to explain what bioluminescence is and how BLI can be used to better understand and diagnose fungal disease progression and location in real-time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views4 pages

    Glowing Infections: Exposing Fungal Infections With Bioluminescence

    Uploaded by

    Raffy Lopez
    The document discusses the use of bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to diagnose fungal infections. It first describes common fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Current diagnostic methods are challenging. BLI uses bioluminescent proteins like luciferase to detect light emission from fungal cells, allowing visualization of fungal infections in vivo in a non-invasive manner. The presentation aims to explain what bioluminescence is and how BLI can be used to better understand and diagnose fungal disease progression and location in real-time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Valino, Angelica Faye J.

    2014-51507
    Bio 198 Gth

    Glowing Infections: Exposing Fungal Infections with Bioluminescence


    Fungal species are widely distributed in our environment. Some of these species are
    invasive and can cause infections that can be lethal to humans. Even the fungal species
    commonly present in the environment and are normally fought off by our immune system can
    have a significant effect especially on the immunocompromised population. However,
    diagnosing these invasive fungal diseases (IFD) can be challenging due to lack sensitivity and
    specificity of diagnosing methods. The emerging technology Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI)
    uses bioluminescence in visualizing temporal and spatial progression of infections, in vivo. BLI
    is highly sensitive, and noninvasive and nontoxic for animals. In this presentation, the presenter
    aims to discuss what bioluminescence is and its emerging use in medical studies.

    OUTLINE
    I. Fungi and its invasive effects - The Kingdom Fungi is a diverse group of unicellular or
    multicellular microorganisms, that has a major role in the ecosystems they are found.
    They are classified as natural recyclers as they are associated with rot and decay; they
    also have significant contribution in traditional and modern medicine. However, not all
    fungal species are beneficial. Some also acts as parasites and can cause diseases in plants,
    animals, and the human population.

    A. Common Fungal Infections


    1. Candidiasis (Candida albicans) - Candidiasis is caused by yeasts in the
    genus Candida. This genus is commonly found in the GI tract, mucous
    membranes, and skin. There are 3 types of candidiasis - oropharyngeal
    candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, and invasive candidiasis.

    a. Causes of the fungal infection – Generally, this genus does not


    cause infection, however, overgrowth may result to symptoms.
    b. Effects of the fungal infection - Oropharyngeal candidiasis can
    cause pain while eating or swallowing; vaginal candidiasis can
    cause vaginal itching or soreness; in invasive candidiasis,
    Candida can enter the bloodstream and cause an infection that can
    affect the blood, heart, brain, eyes, bones, or other parts of the
    body.

    2. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) - Aspergillosis is caused by a mold


    in the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus spores are commonly found in the air we
    breathe.
    a. Causes of the fungal infection - Generally, inhalation of spores of
    this genus does not cause infection. However, immune-
    compromised patients are most likely to be infected due to their
    weakened immune system.
    b. Effects of the fungal infection - Aspergillosis can cause
    inflammation in the lungs, and sinuses.

    B. Diagnosing Fungal Infections - The primary methods of diagnosing fungal


    infections in humans can be through classical phenotypic methods such as direct
    microscopic examination of clinical samples, histopathology, and culture, and
    serology.

    C. Emerging studies on diagnosing Fungal Infections - Emerging studies in


    molecular diagnostics like Proteomics Profiling or Fingerprinting. Another way of
    diagnosing fungal infection is through Antigen detection using fungal
    polysaccharides or proteins. Lastly, the latest emerging study uses
    bioluminescence to expose fungal infections, in vivo.

    II. Bioluminescence - Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living organisms. It


    occurs in different organisms which exhibits different mechanisms of light emission.
    These occurrences are because of the bioluminescent photoproteins like luciferin and
    aquorin.
    A. Species with bioluminescence - Luminous insects such as fireflies, some
    crustaceans, hydrozoans, mollusks, annelids, protozoans, tunicates, bacteria, and
    fungi are known to have bioluminescent properties.

    B. Emerging use in medical studies - Recent studies use Bioluminescence Imaging


    (BLI) to expose and pinpoint where fungal infections are located, in vivo. This
    mechanism is not invasive, and provides a faster diagnosis for fungal infections.

    C. Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI) and its mechanism of action -. An infectious


    agent is modified and engineered to express the luciferase gene. The luciferase-
    expressing cells are cultured and injected. Subsequently, the substrate luciferin or
    coelenterazine were also injected. BLI utilizes an enzymatic reaction of oxidation
    (bioluminescence) by detecting visible light using biophotonic imaging
    technology.

    III. Conclusion - BLI is highly sensitive, noninvasive, and nontoxic technique that can
    expose and pinpoint where infections are located, and show temporal and spatial
    progression of infections in real time. This emerging technology can provide a better
    understanding of the infection processes, important for medical practitioners for the faster
    and more accurate prevention and treatment of invasive fungal species.

    REFERENCES

    Badr, C. E., & Tannous, B. A. (2011). Bioluminescence imaging: progress and


    applications. Trends in Biotechnology, 29(12), 624-633.
    doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.010

    Brock, M. (2012). Application of Bioluminescence Imaging for In Vivo Monitoring of Fungal


    Infections. International Journal of Microbiology, 2012, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2012/956794

    Carceles-Cordon, M., Rodriguez-Fernandez, I., Rodriguez-Bravo, V., Cordon-Cardo, C., &


    Domingo-Domenech, J. (2016). In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Luciferase-labeled
    Cancer Cells. Bio-Protocol, 6(6). doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.1762

    Fungal Diseases. (2017, August 07). Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
    https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/index.html
    Fungal Diseases. (2017, August 07). Retrieved February 27, 2018, from
    https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/aspergillosis/definition.html

    Kozel, T. R., & Wickes, B. (2014). Fungal Diagnostics. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in
    Medicine, 4(4). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a019299

    Kucharíková, S., Velde, G. V., Himmelreich, U., & Dijck, P. V. (2015). Candida
    albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse
    Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging. Journal of Visualized
    Experiments, (95). doi:10.3791/52239

    Kumar, S., Wahab, N., Mishra, M., & Warikoo, R. (2012). Evaluation of 15 Local Plant Species as
    Larvicidal Agents Against an Indian Strain of Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti L.
    (Diptera: Culicidae). Frontiers in Physiology, 3. doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00104

    Latgé, J.-P. (1999). Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(2), 310–
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    Papon, N., Courdavault, V., Lanoue, A., Clastre, M., & Brock, M. (2014). Illuminating Fungal Infections
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    Rodríguez-Cerdeira, C., Arenas, R., Moreno-Coutiño, G., Vásquez, E., Fernández, R., & Chang,
    P. (2014). Systemic Fungal Infections in Patients with human inmunodeficiency
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    Shimomura, O. (2012). Bioluminescence Chemical Principles and Methods (Revised Edition).


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    Tinikul, R., & Chaiyen, P. (2014). Structure, Mechanism, and Mutation of Bacterial
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