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Process Control System -

Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Process Control System”.

1. The main objective of a process control is _________

a) to control physical parameters
b) to control mechanical parameters
c) to control optical parameters
d) to control electrical parameters
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A process control is mainly used in order to
control the physical parameters including temperature,
pressure, flow rate, force, etc.

2. What is a process control system?

a) system to keep the parameters at zero value
b) system to maintain the parameters constant
c) system to keep the parameters at highest value

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d) system to check the voltage

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A process control system is generally used to
maintain the parameters such as temperature, pressure,
flow rate, force, etc constant in a system.

3. Physical parameters change due to ________

a) voltage
b) current
c) internal and external disturbances
d) power
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The physical parameters such as temperature,
pressure, flow rate, force, etc in a process control system
are affected due to both internal and external disturbances.
As a result, constant corrective action is required to keep
them at a constant value.

4. A process control system consists of ________

a) 10 elements
b) 6 elements
c) 2 elements
d) 4 elements
View Answer

Answer: d Explanation: A typical process control system

consists of 4 elements. They are as follows: • Process •
Measurement • Controller • Control element The figure
shown below illustrates the process control loop.

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5. For proper feedback in a process control element, it is

required to ________
a) measure P
b) measure set point
c) measure error
d) measure comparator
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In a process control element, proper feedback
is obtained by measuring the parameter P. Electrical input
is required in most of the process controllers as they are
electronic in nature.

6. Feedback path element measure only input parameters.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: In a process control system, feedback path
measures the output parameters. It also produces a
proportional analog signal in electric form.

7. A transducer converts ________

a) mechanical quantity to electrical form

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b) electrical quantity to physical form

c) physical quantity to electrical form
d) chemical quantity to physical form
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A transducer basically converts a physical
quantity such as temperature, pressure, force, flow rate, etc
into electrical form such as voltage and current.

8. An electrical transducer consists of ________

a) 4 parts
b) 6 parts
c) 8 parts
d) 2 parts
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: An electrical transducer basically consists of 2
parts. The first is known as the sensing element while the
second is known as the transduction element. The first
element is also known as a sensor.

9. A transducer is part of a large circuit and produces the

required output.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A transducer basically converts a physical
quantity such as temperature, pressure, force, flow rate, etc
into electrical form such as voltage and current. A

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transducer is part of a large circuit. It produces the required

output by operating along with several other elements.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

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Transducers Questions and

Answers - Sanfoundry
by Manish
3-4 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Transducers”.

1. How many types of transducers are there?

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: There are basically two types of transducers.
They are as follows:
1) Mechanical
2) Electrical.

2. Mechanical transducers sense __________

a) electrical changes
b) physical changes
c) chemical changes

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d) biological changes
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A mechanical transducer senses the changes
in a system’s physical condition and gives an output. When
a bimetallic strip is subjected to changes in temperature,
the output is the displacement of the strip mechanically.

3. Mechanical transducers generate ________

a) electrical signals
b) chemical signals
c) physical signals
d) biological signals
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Mechanical transducers in general portray
physical or mechanical signals at the output in response to
any physical changes in a system.

4. Electrical transducers generate ________

a) biological signals
b) chemical signals
c) physical signals
d) electrical signals
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Electrical transducers in general respond to
physical quantities which are non-electrical such as
pressure, temperature, force etc and generate equivalent
electrical signals at their output.

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5. Electrical signals are easy to amplify.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Electrical signals are easier to either amplify or
attenuate. By making use of static devices such as FGK,
electrical signals can be brought to a suitable level.

6. The power needs of electrical transducers is ________

a) maximum
b) minimum
c) zero
d) infinite
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Electrical transducers have very minimum
power requirements. Electrical transducer based systems
are controlled with a small amount of power.

7. Electrical transducers are ________

a) small and non-portable
b) large and non-portable
c) small and compact
d) large and portable
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Electrical systems have integrated circuits
which are small and compact. They can be easily ported as
well.

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8. Mechanical transducers cause ________

a) power loss
b) hysteresis loss
c) eddy current loss
d) frictional loss
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Mechanical transducer based systems are
affected by the frictional loss of the rotating parts. In
electrical transducers, there is no wear and tear due to non
moving parts.

9. Electrical transducers are costly.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Electrical transducers are very expensive in
nature. The ageing and drift of the various electronic
components acts as an overhead in the use of electrical
transducers on a large scale.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Transducers Classification -
Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Classification of Transducers”.

1. Active transducers are classified into

a) 4 types
b) 2 types
c) 6 types
d) 8 types
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Active transducers can be subdivided into four
types. They are as follows:
• Photovoltaic
• Thermoelectric
• Piezoelectric
• Electromagnetic.

2. Active transducers develop

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a) mechanical parameter
b) electrical parameter
c) chemical parameter
d) physical parameter
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Active transducers are also known as self
generating type of transducers. They develop an electrical
voltage or current proportional to the quantity being
measured.

3. How do passive transducers develop electrical signals?

a) using a transformer
b) using internal source
c) using external source
d) using a diode
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Passive transducers develop electrical signals
by means of an external source. They are usually known as
externally power driven sources.

4. Capacitive transduction involves

a) change in resistance
b) change in inductance
c) change in resistance
d) change in capacitance
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In capacitive transduction, measurand involves

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the change in the capacitance. Capacitance changes when

the distance between the plates is varied or by a change in
the dielectric.

5. In electromagnetic based transduction measurand is

a) converted into mechanical force
b) converted into electromotive force
c) converted into chemical force
d) converted into physical force
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Electromagnetic transduction involves the
conversion of the measurand into electromotive force.
Magnetic flux is produced as a result of the relative motion
between the magnet and an electromagnet.

6. Inductive transduction involves

a) change in self inductance
b) change in capacitance
c) change in mutual inductance
d) change in resistance
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In an inductive transduction based system,
measurand involves change in the self inductance of the
coil.

7. Photovoltaic transduction involves

a) voltage generation heat
b) voltage generation through sound
c) voltage generation through light

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d) voltage generation current

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a photovoltaic transduction based system,
measurand is converted into voltage when the junction
between dissimilar elements is illuminated.

8. Analog transducers convert input into

a) voltage
b) current
c) digital
d) analog
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The analog transducers convert input into
analog signal. The output is a continuous function of time.
Strain gauge, LVDT, thermistor etc are analog transducers
as they produce outputs which are a continuous function of
time.

9. Inverse transducer converts electrical into a physical

quantity.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An inverse transducer is used to convert an
electrical quantity into a physical quantity. For example
loudspeaker converts electrical signal into sound signal.

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10. Digital transducers produce analog output.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Digital transducers produce digital output in
response to an input signal. A unique code is generated for
each discrete value sensed.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Transducers Characteristic -
Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Characteristic of Transducers”.

1. Accuracy is defined as the closeness that a reading

approaches with respect to a standard value.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Accuracy in the measurement of a quantity is
defined as the closeness that a reading approaches when it
measured with a standard value.

2. The output of a transducer must ___________

a) be different at different environment conditions
b) be same at all environment conditions
c) be same at some environment conditions
d) be zero always

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View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Output of a transducer must be the same
under various environmental conditions when same input is
applied to it.

3. The output of a transducer must be __________

a) low
b) medium
c) high
d) zero
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Output of a transducer is usually high so that it
can be easily measured and processed. The transducer
output is generally higher than noise. As a result most of
the application makes use of digital outputs.

4. The size of a transducer must be __________

a) infinite
b) zero
c) large
d) small
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A transducer generally has a small size and
shape. It occupies minimum volume and has a minimum
weight. As a result the system being measured will become
compact.

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5. A transducer must be __________

a) quick in response
b) slow in response
c) medium in response
d) very slow in response
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The transducer is generally fast in response.
Speed of response basically tells the time taken by the
transducer to produce the output in a fast and efficient
manner.

6. The output of a transducer must __________

a) be less reliable
b) be highly reliable
c) not be reliable
d) be of medium reliability
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Output of a transducer is generally high in
reliability. Changes in the environment conditions should
not affect the output of a transducer.

7. The range of a transducer is __________

a) medium
b) narrow
c) large
d) zero
View Answer

Answer: c

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Explanation: A transducer has a large range of operation.

The operating range is set wide so that it is useful for a
wide range of operating frequencies.

8. The transducer output is __________

a) exponential
b) unit step
c) non-linear
d) linear
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Transducer output varies linearly with the input
quantity that is being measured. A transducer must have a
linear input vs output characteristic response.

9. The sensitivity of an electrical transducer is obtained by

dividing the electrical output with respect to unit change in
the physical quantity.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Sensitivity of an electrical transducer is defined
as the ratio of the electrical output to a unit change in the
value of a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure
etc.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

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complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and

Answers.

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Transducer Selection Factors -

Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Transducer Selection Factors”.

1. Selection of a transducer depends on the quantity being

measured.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A transducer is selected based on the nature
of the quantity that is being measured. For example
temperature measurement involves the use of temperature
sensors whereas measurement of stress involves a strain
gauge.

2. A transducer must have

a) maximum loading
b) minimum loading

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c) zero loading
d) infinite loading
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A transducer in general should have a
minimum amount of load. Minimum loading effect ensures
that the transducer has minimal errors in the measurement
of any quantity.

3. Transducers must operate under

a) zero electromagnetic field
b) constant electromagnetic fields
c) varying electromagnetic fields
d) infinite electromagnetic field
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A transducer should operate under strong
electromagnetic fields. Generally transducers with a low
value of output impedance, high value of output voltage and
shorter cable length are not susceptible to such
interference.

4. Errors can be minimised in some transducers through

a) power compensation
b) voltage compensation
c) resistance compensation
d) temperature compensation
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In some transducers errors occurring due to

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temperature changes can be minimized by providing

temperature compensation. Operation and maintenance of
transducers beyond 300°F is extremely difficult.

5. How can a transducer be used in environment with

vibrations?
a) using shock absorbers
b) using proper grounding
c) using effective voltage
d) using a transformer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Transducers can be used effectively in an
environment subjected to shock and vibrations by making
use of dampers.

6. How many passive transducers are there?

a) 1
b) 3
c) 5
d) 7
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: There are three passive transducers. They are
as follows:
Resistor
Capacitor
Inductor.

7. Resistance of a metallic conductor is given by

a) R = I⁄A

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b) R = ρ⁄A
c) R = ρl⁄A
d) R = 1⁄A
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The resistance of a metallic conductor is given
by the relation
R = ρl⁄A
where, R is the resistance
l is the length
A is the area of cross-section
ρ is the resistivity of material of the conductor.

8. Passive transducers are described with their primary

parameters.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The passive transducers such as resistor,
capacitor and inductor are described through the means of
their primary parameters namely resistance, capacitance
and self inductance.

9. Rotational potentiometers use

a) capacitance
b) self inductance
c) mutual inductance
d) resistance
View Answer

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Answer: d
Explanation: Rotational potentiometers or translational
potentiometers make use of the change in resistance as a
result of the change in length of a conductor.

10. Temperature transducers make use of

a) change in resistivity
b) change in length
c) change in area
d) change in capacitance
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The change in resistivity of the material of a
conductor is used to measure the variation in temperature.
Temperature is affected due to change in the resistance
which in turn varies the resistivity.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Potentiometric Resistance
Transducers Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Potentiometric Resistance Transducers”.

1. Potentiometric resistance transducer measures

__________
a) linear displacement
b) rectangular displacement
c) square displacement
d) triangular displacement
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A Potentiometric resistance transducer
measures linear displacement. It can also be used for
measuring angular displacement.

2. Resistance potentiometer consists of _________

a) capacitive element
b) resistive element

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c) inductive element
d) no elements
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A resistance potentiometer consists of a
resistive element. It also has a sliding contact known as a
wiper.

3. Resistance transducer has _________

a) medium efficiency
b) low efficiency
c) high efficiency
d) zero efficiency
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A resistance transducer has a high electrical
efficiency. It provides sufficient amount of output for further
control operations.

4. What is a helipot?
a) inductive element
b) helicopter
c) helipad
d) resistive element
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A resistive transducer in the form of a helix is
also known as a heliport. They are used for measuring
linear as well as angular motion.

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5. Resistance potentiometers convert mechanical

displacement into _________
a) electrical signal
b) chemical signal
c) physical output
d) kinetic energy
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Resistive transducers are used for
transforming the mechanical displacement into electrical
signal. Linear displacement is applied to the sliding contact
which then converts the change in resistance into voltage or
current.

6. Strain gauge is a _________

a) inductive transducer
b) resistive transducer
c) capacitive transducer
d) mechanical transducer
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A strain gauge is a resistive transducer. It
works on the principle of mechanical displacement into a
change in resistance.

7. Strain is defined as _________

a) change in height per unit height
b) change in weight per unit weight
c) change in length per unit length
d) change in diameter per unit diameter

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View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Strain is defined as the ratio of two quantities
as follows:
Strain = Δl⁄l
where,
l is the length
Δl is the change in length.

8. Stress is defined as _________

a) diameter per unit area
b) length per unit area
c) weight per unit area
d) force per unit area
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Stress is defined as the ratio of two quantities
as follows:
Stress = Force⁄Area
The unit of stress is N / m2.

9. Stress vs strain curve is always linear.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Within the elastic limits, the curve of stress vs
strain is linear. Strain measurements must be made on the
free surface of any body. A strain gauge is usually used to
measure the magnitude of strain.

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10. Sensitivity is the smallest value of measurable strain.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The smallest value of strain that can be
measured is known as the sensitivity of the body. Type of
strain gauge used dictates the maximum value of strain that
can be measured.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Strain Gauges Operation -

Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Operation of Strain Gauges”.

1. Electrical strain gauge works on the principle of

__________
a) variation of resistance
b) variation of capacitance
c) variation of inductance
d) variation of area
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An electrical strain gauge works on the basis
of change in resistance as a function of strain. The wire
resistance increases with tension and reduces with
compression.

2. The strain gauge is not bonded to the specimen.

a) True

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b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The gauge is under the same strain as that the
specimen under test. As a result the strain gauge is bonded
to the specimen.

3. Bonding element in a strain gauge must have

__________
a) zero insulation resistance
b) low insulation resistance
c) high insulation resistance
d) infinite insulation resistance
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a strain gauge, the bonding element must
have a high value of insulation resistance. It should be
immune to effects of moisture and must also have the
ability to transmit strain.

4. Dynamic strain measurements use __________

a) brass iron alloy
b) iron aluminium alloy
c) nickel cadmium alloy
d) nickel chromium alloy
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Nickel chromium alloy is also known as a
nichrome alloy. It contains 80 % of Nickel and 20 % of
Chromium. Platinum is used for the temperature

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compensation of nickel chromium alloys.

5. Commonly used elements for wire strain gauges are

__________
a) nickel and copper
b) nickel and gold
c) gold and brass
d) silver and aluminium
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Nickel and copper are the most commonly
used elements for wire strain gauges. They comprise of 45
% of Nickel and 55 % of Copper. They exhibit a high value
of specific resistance.

6. Cement is classified under __________

a) 4 types
b) 2 types
c) 6 types
d) 8 types
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Cement can be divided into two broad
categories. They are as follows:
Solvent setting cement
Chemically reacting cement.

7. Proper functioning of a strain gauge depends on

__________
a) strain
b) stress

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c) bonding
d) length of wire
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A strain gauge works properly only if the
bonding material used is durable and keeps the gauge
together to the surface of the material that is being tested.

8. Gauge factor is given by the relation __________

View Answer

Answer: d Explanation: Gauge factor in a strain gauge is

given by the relation

where, S is the gauge factor R is the gauge wire

resistance ΔR is the change in resistance l is the length of
the wire in unstressed condition Δl is the change in length
of the wire.
9. Poisson’s ratio is given by ____________

View Answer

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Answer: a Explanation: Poisson’s ratio is given by the

relation

where, d is the diameter of the cross-section of

the wire Δd is the change in the diameter of cross-section of
the wire.
10. Proper bonding causes errors in strain gauges.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Strain gauge is fixed onto the specimen by
means of a bonding element. Cement is the commonly
used adhesive. It transfers the strain from the specimen to
the gauge sensing element.

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Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

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Strain Gauges Types - Electrical

Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
3-4 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Types of Strain Gauges”.

1. Strain gauges are classified into ________

a) 3 types
b) 5 types
c) 7 types
d) 9 types
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Strain gauges can be classified into three
broad categories based on the principle of operation and
construction. They are mechanical, optical and electrical.

2. Resistance wire gauges come in _______

a) 4 forms
b) 2 forms
c) 6 forms

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d) 8 forms
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Strain gauges made out of electrical wires
come in two broad forms. They are as follows:
• Bonded
• Unbonded.

3. Bonded resistance wire strain gauge is of _______

a) 7 types
b) 5 types
c) 3 types
d) 9 types
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The bonded electrical wire resistance strain
gauge is broadly classified into three main types. They are
as follows:
• Flat grid
• Helical grid
• Thin foil.

4. Commonly used electrical strain gauge is _______

a) open type
b) closed type
c) unbounded type
d) bonded type
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Electrical strain gauges are a type of strain

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gauge. The commonly used electrical strain gauge is the

bonded resistance type. Capacitance and inductance types
are used in special types of applications.

5. Electrical strain gauges measure changes in _______

a) resistance, capacitance and inductance
b) resistance only
c) capacitance only
d) inductance only
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Strain is transferred between the specimen
and the gauge element in a strain gauge. Electrical strain
gauges measure the changes occurring in resistance,
capacitance and inductance.

6. Mechanical gauges measure the _______

a) change in resistance
b) change in length
c) change in area
d) change in inductance
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A mechanical gauge is used to measure the
change in length. They make use of gears. Mechanical
gauges are used for static strain measurements only.

7. Optical gauges make use of _______

a) pulleys
b) electricity
c) mirrors

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d) rack and pinion

View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Optical gauges are similar to mechanical
gauges. They make use of prisms and mirrors for obtaining
magnification. A plain mirror is fixed onto a movable knife
edge.

8. Tensile stress decreases the length.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Tensile stress tends to elongate a wire. As a
result its length increases and its area of cross-section
decreases.

9. In a foil strain gauge, strain is detected through _______

a) a capacitance element
b) a resistance wire
c) a gold foil
d) a metal foil
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Strain is detected in a foil strain gauge by
making use of a metal foil. The foil makes use of nickel,
nichrome, constantan, isoelastic and platinum.

10. Etched foil strain gauges are flexible.

a) True

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b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Etched foil strain gauges are a type of foil
strain gauge. Compared to resistance wire gauges, they
can be made thinner. They are also flexible. Etched foil
strain gauges are made use o curved surfaces.

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Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Electrical Measurements MCQs -

Sanfoundry
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements MCQs focuses on

“Characteristics of Resistance Wire Strain Gauge”.

1. Gauge factor in a strain gauge must be ________

a) high
b) low
c) medium
d) small
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The gauge factor in a strain gauge must be
high. A large value of gauge factor indicates a large change
in the value of resistance for a particular strain.

2. Strain gauges are used for _______

a) small scale measurements
b) dynamic measurements
c) static measurements
d) large scale measurements
View Answer

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Answer: b
Explanation: Strain gauges are used for dynamic
measurements. The frequency response must be better.
The characteristics must be linear over the entire frequency
range.

3. Resistance of the strain gauge must be _______

a) zero
b) small
c) large
d) medium
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The resistance of a strain gauge must be
large. Typical resistance values for a strain gauge are in the
range of 120 ῼ, 350 ῼ, and 1000 ῼ.

4. Strain gauge has a _______

a) tangential
b) exponential
c) non-linear
d) linear
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The strain gauge has a linear characteristic.
Variation in resistance must be a linear function of the
strain.

5. Strain gauge has a _______

a) low temperature coefficient of resistance
b) high temperature coefficient of resistance

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c) zero temperature coefficient of resistance

d) infinite temperature coefficient of resistance
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The strain gauge has a low temperature
coefficient of resistance. Due to temperature variation,
errors can be minimised in this way. In most of the strain
gauges, temperature compensation is provided.

6. Semiconductor strain gauges are used for _______

a) low gauge factor values
b) high gauge factor values
c) zero gauge factor value
d) infinite gauge factor value
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The semiconductor strain gauges are
generally used when high values of gauge factors are
required. The gauge factor for semiconductor gauges is 50
times higher than that for wire gauges.

7. Strain gauge works on the principle of _______

a) piezo-electric effect
b) barkhausen criterion
c) piezo- resistive effect
d) feedback element effect
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A semiconductor strain gauge works on the
principle of piezo-resistive effect. Piezo-resistive effect is

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the change in the value of the resistance due to a change in

the resistivity of the semiconductor.

8. In metallic gauges resistance changes due to _______

a) temperature
b) current
c) voltage
d) dimension
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The resistance varies in metallic gauges due
to a change in the dimensions of the metallic gauge.
Germanium and silicon are the materials used in metallic
gauges.

9. Gauge factor for a semiconductor strain gauge is

_______
a) 130 ± 10%
b) 30 ± 10%
c) 200 ± 10%
d) 10 ± 10%
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The gauge factor for a typical semiconductor
strain gauge is about 130 ± 10% for 350 ῼ. The gauge
factor is measured at the room temperature. The gauge
measures small strains from 0.1 to 500 microstrains.

10. Hysteresis characteristics of a semiconductor strain

gauge are poor.
a) True

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b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The hysteresis characteristics for a
semiconductor strain gauge are excellent. It is less than
0.05 %.

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Electrical Measurements.

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here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions
and Answers.

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Strain Gauge Measurement

Technique Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Strain Gauge Measurement Technique”.

1. Strain gauge measurement involves __________

a) Wheatstone bridge
b) Kelvin bridge
c) De Sauty’s bridge
d) Anderson bridge
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Strain gauge makes use of the practical form
of Wheatstone’s bridge to measure the strain developed by
an element.

2. Load cell is used for the measurement of _______

a) area
b) force
c) mass

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d) length
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The load cell is used in a semiconductor strain
gauge for the measurement of force. Load cells measure
the deformation that is produced by force or weight.

3. Strain is a _______
a) fractional change in volume
b) fractional change in area
c) fractional change in length
d) fractional change in height
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Strain is defined as the fractional change in
length of a body. A change in resistance of the element is
reflected in the form of strain of the gauge as well as the
element.

4. Semiconductor strain gauge uses _______

a) rectifier circuitry
b) power electronics circuitry
c) ordinary bridge circuit
d) bridge circuit with temperature compensation
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The semiconductor strain gauge makes use of
a Wheatstone practical bridge circuit along with temperature
compensation. Output is made linear as the resistance
characteristics with respect to strain are non-linear.

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5. A semiconductor strain gauge consists of how many

dummy gauges?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The semiconductor strain gauge consists of
two dummy gauges in the form of two arms of the
Wheatstone bridge circuit. Dummy gauges are used for
temperature compensation.

6. Metals in strain gauge construction have _______

a) non-linear temperature coefficient
b) linear temperature coefficient
c) tangential temperature coefficient
d) exponential temperature coefficient
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The metals used in a strain gauge construction
have a linear temperature coefficient. A change in the
temperature affects the resistance and varies the value of
strain.

7. A Wheatstone bridge has _______

a) low sensitivity
b) zero sensitivity
c) high sensitivity
d) infinite sensitivity

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View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A Wheatstone bridge circuit has a high
sensitivity for detecting very small variation in the values of
resistance. We can connect the strain gauge in one of the
arms of a Wheatstone bridge and measure the strain in
terms of variation in resistance.

8. Load cells are calibrated such that _______

a) force varies inversely with resistance
b) force varies as the square of resistance
c) force remains constant with resistance
d) force varies directly with resistance
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The load cells in a semiconductor strain gauge
are calibrated in such a way that the force or weight varies
directly as the resistance. The strain gauge is arranged in
the form of a bridge.

9. Load cell is sensitive to minute strains.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A load cell responds to very minute variation in
the value of strain. It is sensitive to high values of load.

10. Mass of only about 20 kg can be measured by a load

cell.

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a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Using a load cell a mass or weight of the order
of 20 kg to 20,000 kg can be measured. By making use of
appropriate load cells we can measure forces as high as
5 MN.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Resistance Temperature Detector -

Electrical Measurements
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-6 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Resistance Temperature Detector”.

1. Resistance temperature detector is ___________

a) a electrical transducer
b) a mechanical transducer
c) a chemical transducer
d) a physical transducer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Resistance temperature detector is an
electrical transducer. It is used for measuring the variation
in temperature. It is also known as a resistance
thermometer.

2. Relation between temperature and resistance of a

conductor is ________
a) Rt = Rref [1+t].

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b) Rt = Rref [1+αΔt].
c) Rt = Rref [1-αt].
d) Rt = Rref [1-t].
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The relationship between temperature and
resistance of a conductor is given by
Rt = Rref [1+αΔt].
where, Rt is the resistance of the conductor at t°C.
Rref is the resistance of the conductor at reference
temperature
α is the temperature coefficient of resistance
Δt is the difference between the temperature being
measured and the reference
temperature.

3. Sensing element in the thermometer must provide

________
a) small change in resistance
b) no change in resistance
c) large change in resistance
d) infinite change in resistance
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The sensing element in a thermometer must
give a large change in the resistance for a given change in
the temperature.

4. Platinum is used for industrial applications because

________

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a) it is cheap
b) it is available readily
c) it is a noble metal
d) it gives accurate measurements
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In industrial applications, platinum is used due
to its accuracy in providing measurements. It is also
reproducible. Platinum element can be used for the
measurement of temperatures of about 1000 K.

5. Resistance thermometer provides the change in electrical

resistance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A resistance thermometer provides a change
in the electrical resistance with respect to a variation in the
temperature. Basically resistance thermometers work on
the principle of change in the electrical resistance with
variation in the temperature.

6. If the sensing element is large, then less amount of heat

is required.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: When the sensing element in a resistance

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thermometer is small in size, then less quantity of heat is

required to raise the temperature. Platinum, nickel and
copper are the commonly used metals for measuring
temperature.

7. Most metallic conductors have a ________

a) neutral temperature coefficient of resistance
b) negative temperature coefficient of resistance
c) positive temperature coefficient of resistance
d) zero temperature coefficient of resistance
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In general metallic conductors have a positive
temperature coefficient of resistance. The resistance
increases with an increase in the temperature.

8. In a temperature sensing element ________

a) low value of α is required
b) infinite value of α is required
c) α must be zero
d) high value of α is required
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: In order to achieve a large change in the value
of resistance for a small change in the value of
temperature, high value of α is required. Change in
resistance is measured through a Wheatstone’s bridge.

9. Nickel and its alloys can be used over a temperature

range of ________
a) 100 to 450 K

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b) 10 to 50 K
c) 0 to 25 K
d) 5 to 15 K
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature sensors constructed using nickel
and its alloys can be used in the temperature range of 100
to 450 K. Compared to platinum, they are less expensive.
They have a comparatively higher temperature coefficient
that increases with temperature.

10. How can corrosion be prevented in a resistance

thermometer?
a) by immersing the setup in oil
b) by enclosing the elements in a glass tube
c) by using guard rings
d) by painting the elements
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Corrosion can be eliminated in a resistance
thermometer by enclosing the elements in a protective
tubular glass made of pyrex, quartz or crystal depending
upon the temperature range.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Thermistor - Electrical
Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Thermistor”.

1. Thermistor is a contraction _________

a) thermal resistor
b) laser resistor
c) electric resistor
d) mechanical resistor
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermistor is basically the short form of a
thermal resistor. Resistors which depend on temperature
are known as thermal resistors.

2. Thermistors have ________

a) positive temperature coefficient
b) negative temperature coefficient
c) zero temperature coefficient

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d) infinite temperature coefficient

View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Thermistor generally has a negative
temperature coefficient of resistance. With increase in
temperature, resistance of a thermistor decreases.

3. Thermistors ________
a) sense large changes in temperature
b) cannot sense any change in temperature
c) sense small changes in temperature
d) have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Thermistors can sense very small changes in
temperature. The negative temperature coefficient of
thermistors can be a few percent / degree celcius change in
temperature.

4. Thermistor has a resistance of ________

a) 250 ῼ to 500 kῼ
b) 50 ῼ to 10 kῼ
c) 1 ῼ to 1 kῼ
d) 100 ῼ to 100 kῼ
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Thermistor has a resistance range of 100 ῼ to
100 kῼ. Thermistor consists of a mixture of metallic oxides
of manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, iron and uranium.

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5. Thermistors are suited for precision temperature

measurements.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermistors can be used for precision
measurement of temperature, controlling g temperature and
for temperature compensation due to a very large variation
in resistance with temperature.

6. Change in resistance is measured using a ________

a) Anderson’s bridge
b) Wheatstone’s bridge
c) Hay’s bridge
d) Maxwell’s bridge
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The change in resistance in a thermistor is
measured using a Wheatstone’s bridge. It is used for
measurement of resistance in the range of -100°C to
+200°C.

7. Thermistor material is pressed ________

a) under zero pressure
b) under low pressure
c) under high pressure
d) under low volume
View Answer

Answer: c

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Explanation: A thermistor material is usually pressed under

high pressure to form a flat cylindrical shape. Disks and
washers are placed in series or in parallel to increase the
power dissipation.

8. Thermistor follows which law for small variations

________
a) Charle’s law
b) KVL
c) KCL
d) Ohm’s law
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanations: For small changes in the values of current,
voltage across a thermistor increases. It attains a peak
value. Then the voltage across the thermistor decreases.
As a result Ohm’s law is followed at small variations of
current.

9. At small values of voltage, a thermistor ________

a) reaches peak current slowly
b) reaches peak current immediately
c) does not reaches peak current
d) reaches peak current intermediately
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For minute variations in voltage, thermistor
reaches peak value of current slowly. As the magnitude of
voltage is increased, less time is required to attain peak
current.

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10. Thermistor has a low resistance.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Thermistor generally has a very high value of
resistance. Cables with shield are required to be used for
minimising interference.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Pressure Sensor - Electrical

Measurements Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Pressure Sensor”.

1. Pressure is the _________

a) force per unit area
b) mass per unit area
c) force per unit volume
d) mass per unit volume
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure at a point is defined as the force
acting per unit area. It is measured at some given point
over a surface.

2. Pressure measurement devices make use of ________

a) non-elastic member
b) elastic member
c) bendable member

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d) non-bendable member
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Pressure sensors employ elastic member at
the input stage to detect or sense the pressure variations.
Elastic members are usually of various forms and convert
the pressure into mechanical displacement.

3. Output of electrical transducer is ________

a) inversely proportional to displacement
b) proportional to square of displacement
c) proportional to displacement
d) constant
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The output of an electrical transducer is
proportional to displacement. Displacement is measured
using electrical transducers.

4. In general how many pressure sensitive devices are

there?
a) 6
b) 20
c) 10
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Usually there are four pressure sensitive
devices. They are as follows:
• Diaphragms

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• Capsule
• Bourdon tube
• Bellows.

5. Diaphragms in a pressure sensor are of ________

a) 2 types
b) 5 types
c) 10 types
d) 20 types
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Generally in a pressure sensor we have four
pressure sensitive devices. Diaphragm is a type of a
pressure sensitive device. They are of two types:
• Flat type
• Corrugated type.

6. Temperature is the only consideration while selecting a

diaphragm.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: While selecting a suitable diaphragm for
sensing the pressure the following factors are considered
important.
• Temperature range
• Shock and vibration
• Frequency response requirements.

7. Capsule type of pressure sensor consists of ________

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a) 6 dissimilar diaphragms
b) 4 identical diaphragms
c) 2 identical diaphragms
d) 8 dissimilar diaphragms
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Capsule is a type of a pressure sensor. It
comprises of two identical annular corrugated metal
diaphragms that are sealed together to form a shell like
enclosure.

8. Bourdon tubes are ________

a) very highly sensitive to shock
b) not sensitive to shock
c) less sensitive to shock
d) more sensitive to shock
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Bourdon tube is one type of pressure sensor.
It is more sensitive to shock and vibrations as compared to
diaphragms. Bourdon tube can be used for precision
measurements of pressure up to 3 MN / m2.

9. Bellows have 5 to 20 convolutions.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Bellow is a type of pressure sensor. They have
about 5 to 20 convolutions. The number of convolutions

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depends on the pressure range, displacement, and

operating temperature.

10. Sensitivity in a capsule is increased ________

a) through parallel connection of capsules
b) through series connection of capsules
c) through series and parallel connection of capsules
d) by not connecting them at all
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Capsule is a type of a pressure sensor. In a
capsule we can increase the sensitivity by connecting two
or more capsules in series. The resultant displacement is
equal to the number of capsules.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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Inductive Transducer Questions

and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Inductive Transducer”.

1. Mutual inductance between two coils is given as

View Answer

Answer: a Explanation: The mutual inductance between two

coils is given by the relation

where, k is the coefficient of coupling M is the

mutual inductance between the coils.
2. Mutual inductance depends on _________
a) self-inductance
b) self-inductance and coefficient of coupling
c) coefficient of coupling
d) permittivity of air

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View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The mutual inductance of a pair of coils
depends on the self-inductance of the individual coils and
on the coefficient of coupling.

3. Self-inductance of an inductor is given by ________

a) L = N⁄S
b) L = 1⁄S
2
c) L = N ⁄S
d) L = N2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The self-inductance of an inductor is obtained
by making use of the relation
2
L = N ⁄S
where, N is the number of coil
S is the reluctance of the coil (A/Wb).

4. Reluctance of a coil is given by the relation

a) S = 1⁄A
b) S = 1⁄µ
c) S = a⁄µA
d) S = 1⁄µA
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The reluctance of an inductance coil is given
by the relation
S = 1⁄µA

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where, l is the length of the magnetic circuit (m)

a is the area of the magnetic circuit which encloses the flux
(m2)
µ is the permeability of the core (H/m).

5. Self-inductance depends on ________

a) permeability
b) permittivity
c) plank’s constant
d) rydberg constant
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The self-inductance of an inductor is obtained
by making use of the relation
2
L = N ⁄S
where, N is the number of coil
S is the reluctance of the coil (A/Wb)
As reluctance depends on the permeability, the self-
inductance of a coil depends on the permeability.

6. What is the relation between the self-inductance and the

reluctance of a coil?
a) directly proportional
b) inversely proportional
c) no relation
d) constant
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The self-inductance of an inductor is obtained
by making use of the relation

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2
L = N ⁄S
where, N is the number of coil
S is the reluctance of the coil (A/Wb)
We observe from the above equation that the self-
inductance of a coil is inversely proportional to its
reluctance.

7. Based on self-inductance of a coil, how many types of

inductive transducers are available?
a) 5
b) 10
c) 4
d) 20
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Based on the self-inductance of an inductive
coil, there are four types of inductive transducers available.
They are as follows:
Variable permeability inductive transducer
Variable reluctance inductive transducer
Eddy current inductive transducer
Linear variable differential transducer.

8. In an eddy current transducer output depends on the

variation in the eddy current.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An eddy current transducer is a self-

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generating type of inductive transducer. In an eddy current

transducer, output depends on the change in the value of
the eddy current at the input.

9. An inductive transducer measures the variation in

________
a) reluctance
b) resistance
c) capacitance
d) self-inductance
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Inductive transducer measures the variation in
the self-inductance and mutual inductance of an inductive
coil. Variation in the inductance is measured as a change in
the displacement.

10. Inductive transducer is used for measurement of

physical quantities.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An inductive transducer is usually used for the
measurement of physical quantities such as pressure,
force, displacement, position, vibration, velocity, etc.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

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complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and

Answers.

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Capacitive Transducer Questions

and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Capacitive Transducer”.

1. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is ________

a) C = A∈⁄d
b) C = ∈⁄d
c) C = A⁄d
d) C = A
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
given by the relation,
C = A∈⁄d
where,
A is the area of cross section of the plates
d is the distance of separation between the plates
∈ is the permittivity of space.

2. A capacitive transducer works on the principle of

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________
a) inductance
b) capacitance
c) resistance
d) reluctance
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A capacitive transducer works on the principle
of capacitance. The capacitance of a system depends on
the dielectric used as well as the properties of a capacitive
system.

3. Capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor is given by

________

View Answer

Answer: c Explanation: The capacitance of a cylindrical

capacitor is given by the relation

where, l is the length of the cylinder R is the

inner radius of the external cylinder r is the outer radius of
the inner cylinder.
4. Capacitance can be varied in ________
a) 10 ways

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b) 6 ways
c) 2 ways
d) 4 ways
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Capacitance is varied in four ways. They are
as follows:
Change of distance
Change in dielectric
Change in common plate area
Using quartz diaphragms.

5. Capacitive pressure transducer uses distance of

separation for sensing the capacitance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A capacitive pressure transducer is based on
the principle of distance of separation between the plates of
the capacitor. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
varies when the distance between the two parallel plates
changes.

6. Capacitive transducer displays ________

a) linear behaviour
b) non-linear behaviour
c) exponential behaviour
d) tangential behaviour
View Answer

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Answer: b
Explanation: A capacitive transducer displays non-linear
behaviour. This is due to stray electric fields. Guard rings
are required to eliminate the edge effects and the parasitic
electric field effects.

7. Frequency response of capacitive transducers is

________
a) high
b) medium
c) low
d) zero
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a capacitive transducer, long leads and
cables are used. Due to loading effect, frequency response
is poor and the sensitivity reduces.

8. What is the relation between capacitance and output

impedance?
a) proportional to square
b) constant
c) directly proportional
d) inversely proportional
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: When the capacitance is low in the range of
pico-farads, output impedance tends to a high value. This
leads to loading effect.

9. What is the relation between capacitance and input

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impedance?
a) directly proportional
b) constant
c) proportional to square
d) inversely proportional
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Capacitive transducer has high input
impedance. It also has a good frequency response. The
loading effects are minimum.

10. Composite capacitance consists of _________

a) one dielectric medium
b) more than one dielectric medium
c) five dielectric media
d) ten dielectric media
View Answer

Answer: b Explanation: In a composite capacitance, there is

more than one dielectric medium. The capacitance is given
by

where, d1, d2 and d3 are the thicknesses

∈1, ∈2 and ∈3 are the permittivities of the three different
media.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –
Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and

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Answers.

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sanfoundry.com

Thermoelectric Transducer
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Thermoelectric Transducer”.

1. Thermoelectric transducer is a __________

a) temperature transducer
b) pressure transducer
c) inductive transducer
d) capacitive transducer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A thermoelectric transducer is a temperature
transducer. It converts thermal energy into electrical
energy.

2. Commonly used thermoelectric transducer is

a) thermometer
b) thermocouple
c) linear variable differential transducer
d) loud speaker

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View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The most commonly used thermoelectric
transducer is a thermocouple. It measures the change in
temperature and converts it into an electrical signal.

3. The algebraic sum of e.m.f.s in a circuit containing

thermocouples is
a) infinite
b) hundred
c) zero
d) ten
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In a circuit consisting of many thermocouples,
the algebraic sum of the e.m.f.s produced is zero. It
remains constant with temperature.

4. What is a thermopile?
a) single thermocouple
b) series-parallel connection of thermocouples
c) parallel connection of thermocouples
d) series of thermocouples
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Thermopile is a series connection of
thermocouples. By making use of thermopiles, a more
sensitive element is obtained as compared to a single
thermocouple.

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5. Chromel-constantan thermopile consists of 25

thermocouples.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A chromel-constantan thermopile provides a
sensitivity of 1 mv/°F. It is made up of 25 thermocouples.
Temperature variation as small as 0.001°F can be
measured using this thermopile.

6. Thermocouple must provide ________

a) small thermo e.m.f
b) sufficient thermo e.m.f
c) no thermo e.m.f
d) infinite thermo e.m.f
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A thermocouple must be able to provide
sufficient thermo e.m.f. This must be with respect to each
degree variation in the temperature. It helps in detecting the
temperature variation and in measurement.

7. Most suitable material for a thermocouple is ________

a) brass
b) gold
c) platinum
d) silver
View Answer

Answer: c

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Explanation: Platinum is the most suitable material for

constructing thermocouples. It has a very high sensitivity.
Constantan is the other material (alloy) with a composition
of 40 % of Ni and 60 % of Cu used in a thermocouple.

8. If two different metals are joined forming a closed circuit

an electric current flows.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: When two different metals are joined together
forming a closed circuit, if the temperatures of the two
junctions are different then an electric current flows through
the circuit.

9. For measuring higher temperatures using a

thermocouple.
a) no wire is required
b) wire must be small
c) wire must be thin
d) wire must be heavy
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Higher temperatures can be measured using a
thermocouple by making the wire heavy. Increase in size of
the wire affects the response time of the thermocouple.

10. For accurate temperature measurement in a

thermocouple.
a) cold compensation is needed

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b) hot compensation is needed

c) no compensation is needed
d) hot and cold compensations are needed
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Temperature can be measured accurately by
using a thermocouple with cold junction temperature
compensation.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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sanfoundry.com

Piezoelectric Transducer
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Piezoelectric Transducer”.

1. Piezoelectric transducer is used for measuring

a) non-electrical quantities
b) electrical quantities
c) chemical quantities
d) any quantity
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A piezoelectric transducer is used for
measuring non-electrical quantities such as vibration,
acceleration, pressure and the intensity of sound.

2. Piezoelectric crystals __________

a) float on water
b) dissolve in water
c) are not soluble in water
d) absorb water

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View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A piezoelectric crystal dissolves in water. It is
fully soluble in water. When the temperature is humid, the
piezoelectric crystals gets dissolved in water.

3. Piezoelectric crystals produce _________

a) no voltage
b) low voltage
c) high voltage
d) very high voltage
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Piezoelectric crystals can be used spark
ignition engines. They are also used in electrostatic dust
filters and produce high voltage at low current.

4. Piezoelectric transducer consists of _________

a) copper rod
b) aluminum wire
c) gold crystal
d) quartz crystal
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A piezoelectric transducer consists of a quartz
crystal. It comprises of silicon and oxygen arranged in a
crystal structure of SiO2.

5. When a compressive force is applied to a quartz crystal

a) positive charges are induced

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b) negative charges are induced

c) no charge is induced
d) both positive and negative charges are induced
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: When a quartz crystal is subjected to a
compressive stress, positive charges are induced in one
side of the crystal while negative charges are induced on
the other side of the crystal.

6. In kitchen applications a piezoelectric crystal is used for

_________
a) skimming milk
b) lighting a gas stove
c) grinding
d) mixing
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A piezoelectric lighter is used for lighting a gas
based stove in kitchen applications. The pressure induced
on the piezoelectric sensor creates an electric signal
leading to a spark.

7. A piezoelectric transducer has a _________

a) very high sensitivity
b) low sensitivity
c) high sensitivity
d) zero sensitivity
View Answer

Answer: c

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Explanation: The sensitivity is high in a piezoelectric

transducer. A piezoelectric transducer can be used as a
sensor. It can also be used in an accelerometer due to its
good frequency response.

8. A piezoelectric transducer is used as an ignition source

for a cigarette.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Cigarettes use piezoelectric transducers as a
source of ignition. They are also used in the measurement
of sonar, microphone, pressure, displacement and force.

9. Microphone converts light into heat.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: A microphone is used to convert the pressure
induced in the form of sound waves into electric signal. The
electrical signal is then amplified to produce louder sound.

10. A quartz crystal is _________

a) a chemical transducer
b) a photoelectric transducer
c) not a self-generating transducer
d) a self-generating transducer
View Answer

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Answer: d
Explanation: The quartz crystal is a self-generating
transducer. It does not need any electric voltage for
operation. The quartz crystal becomes short in length due
to an applied electric field in the opposite direction.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
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Photoelectric Transducers
Questions and Answers
by Manish
4 minutes

This set of Electrical Measurements & Measuring

Instruments Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Photoelectric Transducers”.

1. Optical radiations involve _________

a) optoelectric devices
b) biological devices
c) mechanical devices
d) chemical devices
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Emission and absorption of optical radiations
are carried out by making use of optoelectric devices.

2. Photoelectric transducers consist of _______

a) 1 transducer
b) 3 transducers
c) 5 transducers
d) 10 transducers
View Answer

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Answer: b
Explanation: A photoelectric transducer consists of 3
transducers. They are as follows:
Photo-emissive
Photo-conductive
Photo-voltaic.

3. Photoconductive transducers produce output

a) due to change in inductance
b) due to change in light
c) due to change in resistance
d) due to change in temperature
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A photoconductive transducer produces an
output due to a change in the resistance. Electrical output is
produced due to a variation in the temperature.

4. Commonly used photoemissive material is _______

a) gold
b) opium
c) tellurium
d) cesium-antimony
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Cesium-antimony is the most commonly used
photoemissive material. The photoemissive material is
housed in a glass tube. Photoemissive devices are also
called as phototubes.

5. Phototubes are very quick in response to light.

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a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Phototubes are quick in response to light.
Phototubes are used in applications which require light
pulses of very short durations to be observed.

6. Photoconductors are made of _______

a) thick layer of semiconductor
b) thin layer of semiconductor
c) capacitive substrate
d) inductive substrate
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Photoconductors comprise of a thin layer of
semiconductor. Photoconductors not consisting of a
junction are known as junction less detectors.

7. When an open circuited pn junction is illuminated

a) resistance increases
b) there is no effect
c) electron hole pairs are formed
d) capacitance increases
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Upon illumination of an open circuited pn
junction, electron hole pairs are generated. A small voltage
appears across the junction and as a result it acts as a
voltae source.

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8. Optocoupler consists of a phototransistor and a led.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The optocoupler consists of a phototransistor
and an infrared emitting diode. Wavelength of the emitting
and receiving diodes must be matched in order to get a
proper output.

9. Response time for gas-filled phototubes is _______

a) zero
b) intermediate
c) fast
d) slow
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Gas filled phototubes are generally very slow
in response as compared to vacuum phototubes. This is
due to the slow movement of ions towards the
photocathode.

10. Reverse leakage current in a transistor _______

a) is affected by light
b) is not affected by light
c) increases with decrease in pressure
d) decreases with increase in temperature
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The reverse leakage current in a transistor is

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directly proportional to the intensity of light. It increases with

the increase in the light intensity.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Measurements.

To practice all areas of Electrical Measurements, here is

complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.

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