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Image Processing Image Processing: CSC CSC 447 447 Instructor: Dr. Shereen Aly Instructor: Dr. Shereen Aly

The document provides information about image processing and the human visual system. It discusses why the human visual system is superior to computer vision systems and the importance of understanding how our eyes and brain process visual information. Key points include that the human visual system can perform image processing tasks better than computers, and to develop computer vision we must study the characteristics and limitations of human perception. It also overview the anatomy of the eye and types of photoreceptors (cones and rods), and how perception is influenced by factors like adaptation level, surrounding regions, and simultaneous contrast effects.

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48 views32 pages

Image Processing Image Processing: CSC CSC 447 447 Instructor: Dr. Shereen Aly Instructor: Dr. Shereen Aly

The document provides information about image processing and the human visual system. It discusses why the human visual system is superior to computer vision systems and the importance of understanding how our eyes and brain process visual information. Key points include that the human visual system can perform image processing tasks better than computers, and to develop computer vision we must study the characteristics and limitations of human perception. It also overview the anatomy of the eye and types of photoreceptors (cones and rods), and how perception is influenced by factors like adaptation level, surrounding regions, and simultaneous contrast effects.

Uploaded by

yahia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing

CSC 447

Instructor : Dr. Shereen Aly

1
Image Acquisition
Why Human Visual System?
• There is a large difference between the
image we display and the image we actually
perceive, i.e. the luminance and the
perceived brightness of a pixel.

• Brightness also depends on other factors,


such as contrast around the pixel and
various other cognitive processes.
•Human visual system can perform a number
of image processing tasks in a manner vastly
superior to any computer vision system.

• If we want to mimic such processing, the way


our eyes and brain work needs to be carefully
studied and understood.

• It is important to understand the


characteristics and limitations of the human
visual system.
Human Visual Perception
Three membranes enclose the eye:
Cornea and Sclera(outer cover), Choroid,
Retina

Ciliary
Iris
body

Eye color: melanin (pigment) in iris


What is a blind spot?

A blind spot, or scotoma, is an area on the retina


without receptors to respond to light.

A blind spot is actually a small area without vision.

Every one has a natural blind spot or physiological


blind spot in their vision.
Where Is My Blind Spot?

Your blind spot is located on top of your optic


nerve inside your eye.

The optic nerve is a cable that carries many


nerve fibers to the eyeball from the brain.
Find Your Blind Spot
You can find your blind spot by performing the
following experiment:
•Take a piece of paper and mark an X on the left side.
•About 5 ½ inches away from the X, mark an O. Make
sure they are horizontal to each other.
•Cover your right eye.
•Look at the O with your left eye. The X should
disappear. If it doesn't, move the paper back and forth
until it disappears. (You need to be about 1.5 feet away
from the paper.)
 Pattern vision is afforded by the distribution of discrete light
receptors over the surface of the retina.

 There are two classes of receptors: cones and rods.


◦ The number of cones in each eye: 6 to 7 millions
◦ The number of rods in each eye: 75 to 150 millions
◦ The cones is concentrated in the central portion of the retina (fovea).
◦ The rods are distributed over the retinal surface.

 Photopic (bright-light) vision: vision with cones


◦ color receptors, high resolution in the fovea, less sensitive to light

 Scotopic (dim-light) vision: vision with rods


◦ color blind, much more sensitive to light (night vision), lower resolution
Image Formation in the Eye
‫تمييز‬
Human Visual System

‫إدراك‬
• The ability of the eye to discriminate
between changes in light intensity at any
specific brightness adaptation level is
governed by the Weber’s law which
states that the just noticeable difference
ΔI is proportional to the background
luminance I
• Similarly, the perceived intensity of a
region is related to the light intensities of
the regions surrounding it.
It demonstrate that perceived brightness is
not a simple function of intensity.
Example: Simultaneous Contrast
Light and Electromagnetic
Spectrum
‫ملون‬
Image Sensing & Acquisition

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